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Instructions of PSYC 2002 1-2 Threats to Development
THREATS TO DEVELOPMENT
The prenatal environment may be seen as one of life’s biggest wonders, as it is the place where the right conditions occur to produce the miracle of human life. Sadly, as threats do occur in most environments, the prenatal environment is no exception. In the prenatal environment, threats to developing life can take the shape of teratogens and genetic disorders that can result in long-term consequences.
As you recall from your textbook, a teratogen is an environmental agent that reaches the fetus, such as a drug, chemical, virus, or other factor that produces a birth defect (Feldman, 2022). Genetic disorders are inherited conditions that occur during prenatal development due to mutations or other irregularities in genes or chromosomes. For instance, Down Syndrome is caused by an irregular cell division that results in three partial or full copies of Chromosome 21, and typically occurs during the first trimester.
It is important to note that there is an interaction between heredity and environmental factors. Heredity is never the only factor in any complex trait. Environment almost always plays a role as well.
In this Assignment, you will select a specific teratogen or genetic disorder to analyze. In your analysis, you will discuss the societal and environmental influences related to the likelihood of genetic disorders or threats from teratogens affecting children and what can be done to make the course of life more positive for the children after birth.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this Assignment.
To prepare:
Review Chapter 3, “The Start of Life: Genetics and Prenatal Development.” Focus on Table 3.1, “The Genetic Basis of Selected Behavioral Disorders and Traits,” in your course textbook. Also, review Figure 3.7, “Inhaled Air and Genetic Mutations,” in your course textbook. Focus on what your course textbook says about teratogens on the section titled “The Prenatal Environment: Threats to Development.”
Review the resource about genetic disorders from the National Human Genome Research Institute. As you review this resource, locate the list of genetic disorders, and then select any one of them to find out more about that disorder.
Review the resource, Pregnancy and Teratogens from Healthline. Think about known teratogens and potential genetic disorders that may have touched your life or the life of someone you know in some way.
Choose one teratogen OR one genetic disorder that you would like to examine for this Assignment.
The Assignment (2–3 pages):
For the teratogen or genetic disorder, you selected, respond to the following:
Briefly define the teratogen or genetic disorder you selected.
If you chose a genetic disorder, discuss the societal and environmental influences that make it less likely for the disorder to occur. Explain why this is the case.
If you chose a teratogen, discuss the societal and environmental influences that make it less likely for the threat from the teratogen to occur. Explain why this is the case.
Once a genetic disorder or the effect from a teratogen occurs, explain what can be done after birth to make the course of life more positive for the developing child.
Note: Support the responses within your Assignment with evidence from the course Learning Resources. Provide a Reference List for resources you used for this Assignment. Title page and Reference List do not count toward the 2- to 3-page paper length. Use APA style for in-text citations and references.
BY DAY 7
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Step-By-Step Guide on PSYC 2002 1-2 Threats to Development
Introduction To PSYC 2002 1-2 Threats to Development
This Owlisdom How-To guide of PSYC 2002 1-2 Threats to Development involves exploring the impact of a specific teratogen or genetic disorder on human development. You will define the condition, discuss the societal and environmental influences that mitigate its impact, and explore interventions that can improve the quality of life for affected individuals. The goal is to understand how various factors can influence development and the importance of supportive interventions.
Briefly define the teratogen or genetic disorder you selected.
DEFINING GENETIC ORDER
In this section of PSYC 2002 1-1 DISCUSSION, we will define genetic order.
- Begin by providing a brief definition of the teratogen or genetic disorder you have chosen.
- Include key characteristics and causes.
Example
Achondroplasia is a genetic disorder predominantly characterized by dwarfism, where the growth of long bones is inhibited, leading to a distinctive appearance with shortened limbs. The condition is caused by a mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene, which is crucial for bone development and maintenance. The mutation results in an abnormal protein that overly restricts the growth of long bones in the limbs and spine (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2018).
Discuss the societal and environmental influences that make it less likely for the disorder to occur. Explain why this is the case.
SOCIETAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES
In this section of PSYC 2002 1-2 Threats to Development, we will discuss societal and environmental influences.
- Discuss the societal and environmental factors that reduce the likelihood or impact of the disorder.
- Explain why these factors are significant.
Example
The incidence of Achondroplasia is heavily influenced by genetic factors; however, societal and environmental aspects also play a significant role in managing the disorder. Advanced paternal age is a well-documented risk factor for new mutations leading to Achondroplasia. As men age, the likelihood of mutations in sperm increases, thereby raising the risk of reproducing children with genetic anomalies (Feldman, 2022). The aspect underscores the importance of genetic counseling for potential parents, especially older fathers, to understand the risks associated with late-age paternity.
Beyond genetics, societal attitudes towards disabilities shape the living conditions and inclusion of individuals with Achondroplasia. Societies with robust support systems, accessibility laws, and inclusive policies tend to provide these individuals with a better quality of life. Environments that lack these supports may inadvertently increase the challenges faced by those with Achondroplasia, ranging from accessibility issues in public spaces to limited opportunities in schools and workplaces.
Once a genetic disorder occurs, explain what can be done after birth to make the course of life more positive for the developing child.
POST-BIRTH INTERVENTIONS
In this section of PSYC 2002 1-2 Threats to Development, we will discuss post-birth interventions.
- Explain the interventions available after birth to improve the course of life for a child affected by the disorder.
- Highlight medical, therapeutic, and psychological supports.
Example
Several medical and therapeutic interventions are critical after a child is born with Achondroplasia. These include regular monitoring for common complications such as obesity, sleep apnea, and spinal stenosis. Early intervention involving physical therapy can help manage and prevent some physical complications associated with the disorder. Surgical interventions may also be required to correct severe physical deformities and alleviate discomfort (Healthline, 2016).
Psychological support is equally important. Children with Achondroplasia often face social stigma and isolation due to physical differences. Support groups and psychological counseling can be critical in building self-esteem and coping mechanisms. Educational efforts must also extend to the general public and schools to foster a more accepting and understanding environment, reduce social stigma, and promote inclusivity.
Educational and Societal Awareness
Education about genetic conditions like Achondroplasia is essential for reducing misconceptions and stigma. Awareness programs can help demystify the condition, highlighting the capabilities rather than limitations of those affected. Schools play a pivotal role in this regard by integrating education about genetic diversity into their curricula, which can promote empathy and understanding from a young age.
The Role of Genetic Counseling
Genetic counseling provides families with the information needed to understand the implications of genetic disorders like Achondroplasia. It assists families in making informed reproductive choices and preparing for their child’s medical and social needs. Additionally, prenatal screening and diagnostics allow for early detection, which can prepare parents and medical professionals to address the needs of the newborn immediately after birth.
Policy and Infrastructure
To improve life for individuals with Achondroplasia, policies must enforce and enhance accessibility in architectural design, transportation, and public services. Infrastructure adaptations, such as customized furniture in schools and workplaces, accessible building entrances, and modified public transport facilities, are practical measures that can significantly improve daily experiences.
CONCLUSION
- Summarize the key points discussed in your reflection. Emphasize the importance of societal support and medical interventions in improving the quality of life for individuals with the condition.
Example
To sum up, while Achondroplasia is a condition determined by genetic mutations, the quality of life for those affected is heavily influenced by societal, environmental, and medical interventions. Effectively managing the condition requires a multidimensional approach that includes medical treatment, psychological support, and societal integration. By fostering environments that emphasize inclusion and support, societies can significantly enhance the lives of individuals with Achondroplasia, allowing them to lead fulfilling and productive lives despite the challenges posed by their genetic condition. Comprehensive efforts in public education, policy development, and community support are essential to achieving these goals.
CLOSING
By following these guidelines of PSYC 2002 1-2 Threats to Development, you will be able to effectively analyze the impact of teratogens or genetic disorders on development, explore the factors that mitigate these impacts, and propose interventions to support affected individuals. In the next module of PSYC 2002, we will explore 2-1 DISCUSSION.
REFERENCES
Feldman, R. S. (2022). Child development (9th ed.). Pearson.
Healthline Editorial Team. (2016, March 3). Pregnancy and teratogens.Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/teratogens
National Human Genome Research Institute. (2018). Genetic disorders. https://www.genome.gov/For-Patients-and-Families/Genetic-Disorders
