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Instructions of PSY 322 Module 5-3 Final Project Milestone Three
Overview
Writing the Literature Review
When writing a critical literature review, you will need to summarize, evaluate, and offer critical comments on the ideas and information that the author(s) presents in the literature.
Your goal should be to read and understand the literature, analyze the findings or arguments, and evaluate and comment on the literature. Please note that unlike the Annotated Bibliography, in which you listed the sources you are planning to use, your Literature Review must be a written paper that incorporates your responses to the questions below. For additional information on writing a Literature Review, you may review the following article: How to Write a Literature Review
Reading the Literature
Allow enough time to understand it.
Read the literature without taking notes to gain an overall impression of its main idea.
Read the literature again, analytically highlighting important ideas and making brief notes of main ideas and the main topic.
Ask yourself these questions:
Be sure to address the following issues within your literature review:
Name of article and journal cited in proper APA format
Where did you find this article? How did you know that it was a reliable and valid site?
What is the issue that the article is specifically addressing? Is this a significant problem or issue related to the concepts and theory in this course? Why or why not?
What references did the author use in this article?
Did the article contain research? What data was used? What instruments, if any, were used to collect data?
What were some of the conclusions, if any, to the research in this article?
Was the article reliable and valid? Explain.
Was this article well written? Thoughtful and reflective? Applicable for the classroom teacher?
What were the limitations in this article? Any variables?
Any other thoughts, comments?
What to Submit
Your Literature Review should be at least two pages (four pages maximum), double-spaced, use 12-point Times New Roman font, and contain citations in APA format.
Step-By-Step Guide of PSY 322 Module 5-3 Final Project Milestone Three: Literature Review
Introduction to PSY 322 Module 5-3 Milestone Three
Writing a critical literature review involves summarizing, evaluating, and offering essential comments on the ideas and information presented by the authors in the literature. The PSY 322 MODULE 5-3 Final Project Milestone Three: Literature Review aims to help you understand, analyze, and evaluate scholarly articles, ultimately developing a comprehensive and critical understanding of the topic.
When writing a critical literature review, you will need to summarize, evaluate, and offer critical comments on the ideas and information presented in the literature by the author(s).
Preparation and Initial Reading
To solve the PSY 322 MODULE 5-3 Final Project Milestone Three: Literature Review, we will write the literature review for the Paper we are writing for the PSY 322 Final Project. We will use the Overview and Annotated Bibliography we crafted in previous modules.
- Understand the Assignment: Familiarize yourself with the requirements and objectives of the critical literature review.
- Initial Reading: Read the literature without taking notes to gain an overall impression of its main idea.
Detailed Analytical Reading
- Analytical Reading: Reread the literature, highlighting essential ideas and making brief notes of central concepts.
- Identify Key Points: Focus on identifying the main arguments, evidence, and conclusions presented in the article.
Summarizing the Article
- Cite Properly: Use APA format to cite the article and journal in which it was published.
- Source Verification: Mention where you found the article and explain how you determined it was a reliable and valid source.
- Identify the Issue: Describe the specific issue the article addresses and discuss its significance concerning the course concepts and theory.
Evaluating the Article
- Review References: List and evaluate the references used by the author to support their arguments.
- Analyze Research Data: Discuss whether the article contains research, the type of data used, and the instruments used for data collection.
- Summarize Conclusions: Describe the conclusions and findings presented in the article.
Critiquing the Article
- Evaluate Reliability: Assess whether the article is reliable and valid, providing explanations for your evaluation.
- Assess Writing Quality: Critique whether the article is well-written, thoughtful, and reflective, and discuss its applicability for classroom teachers.
- Identify Limitations: Discuss any limitations and variables mentioned in the article.
- Personal Insights: Offer any additional thoughts or comments on the article, reflecting on its overall contribution to the field.
Example
Understanding the major developmental theories for children and adolescents is critical for comprehending how individuals grow and change during these formative years. This literature review explores significant theories, including Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, Erikson’s psychosocial stages, and Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory. By examining these frameworks, we gain insights into the multifaceted aspects of development and the diverse factors influencing children and adolescents.
Theories and Contextual Influences
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
Piaget’s theory posits that children move through four stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational (Ambert, 2020). These stages outline how children’s thinking evolves from basic reflex actions to complex, abstract reasoning. Piaget emphasized that children are active learners who construct knowledge through interactions with their environment. This theory has been foundational in understanding cognitive development and has informed educational practices worldwide (Goossens, 2020).
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages
Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development identifies eight stages that span the entire lifespan, with each stage presenting a unique psychological conflict that must be resolved. For adolescents, the critical stage is “Identity vs. Role Confusion,” where individuals explore various roles and integrate them to form a coherent identity (Goossens, 2020). Successfully navigating this stage results in a strong sense of self, while failure can lead to confusion and insecurity. Erikson’s framework is particularly relevant in counseling, as it highlights the importance of supporting adolescents through their identity formation process.
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory emphasizes the fundamental role of social interaction in cognitive development. Unlike Piaget, who focused on the individual construction of knowledge, Vygotsky argued that mental abilities are socially guided and constructed. He introduced the concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), which represents the range of tasks that a child can perform with the help and guidance of others (Ambert, 2020). This theory underscores the importance of cultural context and social interactions in shaping cognitive development.
Empirical Findings and Practical Applications
Parenting and Family Dynamics
The dynamics within the family, including parenting styles and socio-economic factors, significantly influence adolescent development. Ambert (2020) explores how different parenting styles—authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved—affect children’s behavioral and emotional outcomes. Authoritative parenting, characterized by warmth and structure, is often linked to positive developmental outcomes, while other styles may lead to various challenges. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for practitioners working with families to foster supportive environments that promote healthy development.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
The Society for Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics provides comprehensive guidelines for assessing and treating ADHD in children and adolescents (Barbaresi et al., 2020). This resource emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating medical, psychological, and educational interventions. The guidelines highlight the importance of individualized care plans and continuous monitoring to address the complex needs of adolescents with ADHD. These findings underscore the necessity for holistic and collaborative approaches in managing developmental disorders.
Contemporary Challenges and Barriers
Imbler (2021) discusses the barriers transgender youth face in accessing healthcare, including stigma, inadequate provider training, and legal obstacles. These barriers can severely impact the mental and physical health of transgender adolescents. The article calls for systemic reforms to ensure equitable healthcare access, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive policy changes and better educational resources for healthcare professionals. This highlights a critical area where developmental theories intersect with social justice, advocating for inclusive practices that support all adolescents.
The primary developmental theories for children and adolescents provide a robust framework for understanding the complexities of growth and development. Piaget’s, Erikson’s, and Vygotsky’s theories offer valuable insights into cognitive, social, and cultural influences on development. Empirical research, such as the studies on parenting styles and ADHD, provides practical applications for these theories, highlighting their relevance in real-world settings. Addressing contemporary challenges, such as the barriers faced by transgender youth, further underscores the importance of integrating developmental theories with inclusive and equitable practices. By grounding our understanding in these theories, we can better support the diverse developmental needs of children and adolescents, fostering environments that promote their overall well-being and growth.
Closing
In the PSY 322 MODULE 5-3 Final Project Milestone Three: Literature Review, you have learned how to analyze and evaluate scholarly articles critically, identify critical points, assess their reliability and validity, and offer thoughtful critiques. Conducting a thorough literature review is an essential skill that will aid you in understanding complex topics and contributing meaningfully to academic discussions.
Next module, we will explore the PSY 322 6-1 Worksheet: Bullying and Cyberbullying.
References
Ambert, A. M. (2020). Parents, children, and adolescents: Interactive relationships and development in context. Routledge.
Barbaresi, W. J., Campbell, L., Diekroger, E. A., Froehlich, T. E., Liu, Y. H., O’Malley, E., Pelham Jr, W. E., Power, T. J., Zinner, S. H., & Chan, E. (2020). Society for Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics clinical practice guideline for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with complex attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 41, S35–S57.
Goossens, L. (2020). Theories of adolescence. In Handbook of adolescent development (pp. 11–29). Psychology Press.
Imbler, S. (2021, September 28). For Transgender Youth, Stigma Is Just One Barrier to Health Care. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/28/health/transgender-health-care.html
