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Instructions of NURS 650 1-1 Discussion
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1) Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes > Case Study Scenario
A 16-year-old boy comes to clinic with chief complaint of sore throat for 3 days. Denies fever or chills.
PMH negative for recurrent colds, influenza, ear infections or pneumonias.
NKDA or food allergies.
Physical exam reveals temp of 99.6 F, pulse 78 and regular with respirations of 18. HEENT normal with exception of reddened posterior pharynx with white exudate on tonsils that are enlarged to 3+.
Positive anterior and posterior cervical adenopathy.
Rapid strep test performed in office was positive.
His HCP wrote a prescription for amoxicillin 500 mg po q 12 hours x 10 days disp #20. He took the first capsule when he got home and immediately complained of swelling of his tongue and lips, difficulty breathing with audible wheezing.
911 was called and he was taken to the hospital, where he received emergency treatment for his allergic reaction.
Using this Case Study, post an explanation of the disease presented. In addition, include the following information:
- Role of Genetics
- Why the patient presented with the symptoms to the ED
- What was the physiology response and why did the response occur?
- Which cell are involved in this process (Strep pharyngitis or Allergic reaction)
- How other characteristics would change your response.
The original response is due Wednesday, November 30th and two colleagues’ responses are due Saturday, December 3rd. Remember the textbook is not accepted as a scholarly resource.
For those of you who would like a Word Document, see the attachment.
2) Practicum Manual Acknowledgment – Complete this regarding the Syllabus and the Practicum Manual – Due Wednesday, November 30t
At its core, pathology is the study of disease. Diseases occur for many reasons. But some, such as cystic fibrosis and Parkinson’s Disease, occur because of alterations that prevent cells from functioning normally.
Understanding of signals and symptoms of alterations in cellular processes is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For the Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN), this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.
For this Discussion, you examine a case study and explain the disease that is suggested. You examine the symptoms reported and explain the cells that are involved and potential alterations and impacts.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
LEARNING RESOURCES
- McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.
- Chapter 1: Cellular Biology; Summary Review
- Chapter 2: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents (pp. 46-61; begin again with Manifestations of Cellular Injury pp. 83-97); Summary Review
- Chapter 3: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids, and Bases
- Chapter 4: Genes and Genetic Diseases (stop at Elements of formal genetics); Summary Review
- Chapter 5: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases (stop at Genetics of common diseases); Summary Review
- Justiz-Vaillant, A. A., & Zito, P. M. (2019). Immediate hypersensitivity reactions Download Immediate hypersensitivity reactions. In StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513315/
Credit Line: Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf. (2019, June 18). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513315/. Used with permission of Stat Pearls
- Module 1 Overview with Dr. Tara Harris
Dr. Tara Harris reviews the structure of Module 1 as well as the expectations for the module. Consider how you will manage your time as you review your media and Learning Resources throughout the module to prepare for your Discussion and Assignment. (4m)
- Foundational Concepts of Cellular Pathophysiology – Week 1 (14m)
Immunity and Inflammation
- Soo, P. (2018, July 28). Pathophysiology Ch 10 alterations in immune functionLinks to an external site. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jz0wx1-jTds
Note: The approximate length of the media program is 37 minutes.
Hyponatremia
- MedCram. (2017, December 23). Hyponatremia explained clearly (remastered) – Electrolyte imbalancesLinks to an external site. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLajK5Vy55M
Note: The approximate length of the media program is 15 minutes.
To prepare:
By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific scenario for this Discussion. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.
BY DAY 3 OF WEEK 1
Post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario you were provided. Include the following in your explanation:
- The role genetics plays in the disease.
- Why the patient is presenting with the specific symptoms described.
- The physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred.
- The cells that are involved in this process.
- How another characteristic (e.g., gender, genetics) would change your response.
Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.
BY DAY 6 OF WEEK 1
Respond to at least two of your colleagues on 2 different days and respectfully agree or disagree with your colleague’s assessment and explain your reasoning. In your explanation, include why their explanations make physiological sense or why they do not.
Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your peers’ posting. Remember, once you click on Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Submit!
Step-By-Step Guide on NURS 650 1-1 Discussion
Introduction To NURS 650 1-1 Discussion
This NURS 650 1-1 Discussion assignment involves researching and explaining a specific disease scenario, focusing on genetic and physiological aspects. You will analyse how genetics contributes to the disease, explain the patient’s symptoms, describe the physiological responses, identify the cells involved, and discuss how other characteristics could change your response. Additionally, you will engage with your classmates by responding to their posts with thoughtful, evidence-based feedback.
The role genetics plays in the disease.
ROLE OF GENETICS
In this section of NURS 650 1-1 Discussion, we will discuss the role of genetics.
- Explain the genetic factors contributing to the disease.
- Discuss specific genes or genetic markers associated with the disease, highlighting their role in increasing susceptibility.
Example
Type 1 diabetes is characterised by the immune system mistakenly attacking and destroying insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Genetics plays a critical role in this disease. Specific genes increase the risk of developing Type 1 diabetes, particularly those linked to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex, which helps regulate the immune system (Klak et al., 2020). These genetic markers influence how the body differentiates between its cells and potentially harmful invaders. A person inheriting these specific genes from both parents may have a higher risk of developing this condition.
Why is the patient presenting with the specific symptoms described?
PATIENT’S SYMPTOMS
This section of NURS 650 1-1 Discussion will discuss the Patient’s Symptoms.
- Describe why the patient is presenting with specific symptoms.
- Link the symptoms to the underlying physiological mechanisms of the disease.
Example
Patients with Type 1 diabetes present with symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, hunger, fatigue, and blurred vision. These symptoms arise because the body can no longer produce insulin, which is necessary for cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream and convert it into energy. Without insulin, sugar builds up in the blood, leading to hyperglycemia. The kidneys respond by trying to eliminate excess glucose through urine, which explains the frequent urination and consequent dehydration and increased thirst.
What is the physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario, and why do you think this response occurred?
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE
In this section of NURS 650 1-1 Discussion, we will discuss the Physiologic Response.
- Explain the body’s physiological response to the stimulus.
- Detail the body’s compensatory mechanisms and their effects.
Example
The physiological response to the lack of insulin is the body’s attempt to find alternative energy sources. Cells, deprived of their primary energy source, glucose, begin to break down fats and proteins, leading to weight loss and fatigue. The process also leads to the production of ketones, which can accumulate in the blood and lead to diabetic ketoacidosis, a potentially life-threatening condition.
The cells that are involved in this process.
CELLS INVOLVED
This section of NURS 650 1-1 Discussion will discuss the Cells Involved.
- Identify the specific cells involved in the disease process.
- Describe the roles of these cells in both the disease mechanism and response.
Example
The primary cells involved in this process are the pancreatic beta cells, immune cells that mediate the autoimmune response, and various cells in the kidneys, eyes, and nervous system that are affected by high blood sugar levels.
How would another characteristic (e.g., gender, genetics) change your response?
INFLUENCE OF OTHER CHARACTERISTIC
This section of NURS 650 1-1 Discussion will discuss the Influence Of Other Characteristics.
- Discuss how other characteristics (e.g., gender, genetics) might change the response to the disease.
- Explore how variations in these characteristics can influence disease presentation and management.
Example
Gender and genetic variations can influence the presentation and management of Type 1 diabetes (Giandalia et al., 2021). For instance, males and females might experience different onset ages and rates of progression, and genetic differences can affect the susceptibility to and severity of the disease. These variations necessitate personalised approaches to treatment and management, emphasising the importance of understanding individual characteristics in the context of autoimmune diseases like Type 1 diabetes.
References
Giandalia, A., Giuffrida, A. E., Gembillo, G., Cucinotta, D., Squadrito, G., Santoro, D., & Russo, G. T. (2021). Gender differences in diabetic kidney disease: Focus on hormonal, genetic and clinical factors. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(11), 5808.
Klak, M., Gomółka, M., Kowalska, P., Cichoń, J., Ambrożkiewicz, F., Serwańska-Świętek, M., Berman, A., & Wszoła, M. (2020). Type 1 diabetes: Genes associated with disease development. Central European Journal of Immunology, 45(4), 439–453.
Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days and respectfully agree or disagree with your colleague’s assessment and explain your reasoning. In your explanation, include why their explanations make physiological sense or why they do not.
RESPONSES
- Engage with classmates’ postings, providing constructive feedback.
- Respectfully agree or disagree with colleagues’ assessments, offering additional insights and supporting your points with research and reasoning.
Example
Hello Sarah,
I agree with your assessment regarding the impact of genetics on the progression of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Your explanation of how genetic predispositions contribute to the disease aligns with recent studies highlighting the role of HLA genes in autoimmune responses. However, I would like to add a perspective on the environmental triggers that might interact with these genetic factors. Research indicates that environmental factors, such as viral infections, might act as a catalyst for the onset of Type 1 diabetes in genetically predisposed individuals. This interaction between genes and the environment could explain variations in disease onset and severity, adding another layer to our understanding of its pathophysiology. Your focus on the genetic aspects is crucial, but incorporating environmental influences could provide a more holistic view of the disease’s aetiology.
Hi Richard,
Your analysis of the physiological responses in Type 1 diabetes, particularly the role of insulin deficiency leading to hyperglycemia, is well-articulated. However, I have a different viewpoint on the symptom of increased hunger (polyphagia) you described. While it is accurate that insulin deficiency leads to poor glucose uptake by cells, causing energy deprivation that triggers hunger, it is also important to consider that this symptom can be exacerbated by the inefficiency of the signalling pathways involved in satiety and hunger in the hypothalamus. This brain region plays a critical role in regulating energy homeostasis, which is disrupted in the context of diabetes due to fluctuating blood glucose levels. Therefore, the symptom of hunger not only arises from cellular glucose deprivation but also from a disrupted central regulatory mechanism, which you might consider discussing in further depth to enhance understanding of the systemic impacts of this disease.
CLOSING
By following these guidelines of the Owlisdom How-To guide, you can effectively complete the NURS 650 1-1 Discussion assignment, demonstrating a thorough understanding of the genetic and physiological factors involved in disease processes and contributing meaningfully to peer discussions. In the next module of NURS 650, we will explore the 2-1 Case Study Analysis.
