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CMRJ 524 Resource Hub: Weekly Discussions, Assignments, Research Projects, and Organized Crime & Terrorism Instructions

Published: 2025-10-03

Modified: 2025-10-03

Introduction
This guide provides an overview of CMRJ 524, focusing on organized crime and terrorism through structured discussions, assignments, and research projects. For additional academic support, students can use Owlisdom’s Law Essay Writing Service to strengthen their work in law and criminal justice studies.

CMRJ 524 WEEK ONE DISCUSSION: Attributes of Organized Crime & Terrorism

Instructions for CMRJ 524 Week One Discussion

Intro and Confirmation

Within 250 words, please post a short biography (within the first 3 days of class). Feel free to include information such as your (a) background, (b) academic major, (c) hobbies, (d) family, (e) number of classes remaining to complete your degree, etc.
Lastly, please confirm that you have both read and understood the syllabus. If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to let me know.
Note: This assignment is worth 1% of the final grade and is designed to get to know one another. Each student must make three (3) postings to complete this assignment fully.

Per the student handbook registration section:

All students are required to log in to each of their courses during Week One and to submit a class discussion board post of at least 250 words. Students who do not submit this assignment during the first week of class will be automatically dropped from any courses in which this assignment has not been completed. The first week of classes runs from the day the course opens until 11:59 p.m. (Eastern Time) on the first Sunday of that week. At the beginning of Week Two, students who did not submit this assignment during Week One and did not submit an official online form to voluntarily withdraw from the course will be dropped. Students who are dropped for lack of academic activity will receive a tuition credit for the course on their student account. Those who wish to continue taking classes with us may register for courses in a future session. Detailed information on course drops is located in the Drop/Withdrawal Policy section of the Student Handbook.

W1: Attributes of Organized Crime & Terrorism

Please answer both of the following discussion questions:

(Normally Due Thursday of Week 1; Note for Week 1 only, the initial discussion responses may be posted as late as Sunday and still be considered on time):

1: List and briefly discuss the eight attributes of Organized Crime (OC). Then, justify which of the two attributes you feel is the “most important” as it regards OC being successful. Be sure to fully support your view/opinion.

2: Investigate and then report on how terrorism differs from organized crime. As part of your response, include the ways they overlap. Pls make sure to provide real-life referenced examples that illustrate and help support your view here.

Lastly, please realize this discussion is directly connected to the following Course Learning Objectives:

CO1: Examine individual attributes of organized crime. CO4: Deconstruct how terrorism differs from organized crime

Module Objectives:

MO1: Appraise the nexus between organized crime and terrorism

MO2: Compare important attributes of organized crime

MO3: Analyze how organized crime and terrorism differ

Discussion Guidelines

Introduction to CMRJ 524 Week One Discussion

The CMRJ 524 Week One Discussion: Attributes of Organized Crime & Terrorism requires you to analyze the characteristics that define organized crime and differentiate it from terrorism. The tasks include discussing the attributes of organized crime, justifying the most critical factors for its success, and exploring the differences and overlaps between organized crime and terrorism, supported by real-life examples. This How-To CMRJ 524 Guide provides structured steps to help you effectively approach and complete each part of the assignment.

1: List and briefly discuss the eight attributes of Organized Crime (OC). Then, justify which of the two attributes you feel is the “most important” regarding OC success. Be sure to support your view/opinion fully.

Eight Attributes of Organized Crime (OC)

First, we will list and discuss eight attributes of organized crime; then, we will discuss which two attributes are essential.

Research and Identity Attributes: Identify the eight key attributes commonly associated with organized crime. These may include continuity, structure, criminal activities, use of violence, corruption, organizational discipline, penetration of legitimate businesses, and an overarching code of secrecy.
Provide Brief Explanations: For each attribute, write a concise explanation. Focus on its significance and how it manifests within organized crime operations.
Continuity: Describe how organized crime groups maintain long-term operations, often passing down structures and activities through generations.
Structure: Explain the hierarchical organization of these groups, with clear roles and responsibilities.
Select Two Most Important Attributes: Choose the two attributes you believe are most critical for the success of organized crime.
Justification: Provide a detailed justification for your choice. Explain why these attributes are fundamental to the sustainability and effectiveness of organized crime.
Support with Evidence: Use evidence from scholarly sources, case studies, or real-world examples to support your viewpoint.
Argue how “structure” ensures efficient operation and “corruption” facilitates uninterrupted illegal activities.

Example

Organized crime (OC) is defined by critical attributes: continuity, structure, criminal activities, violence, corruption, organizational discipline, penetration of legitimate businesses, and an overarching code of secrecy. Continuity refers to the long-term sustainability of OC groups, maintained through generational succession and stable leadership. Structure denotes a hierarchical organization, ensuring clear roles and efficient operations. Criminal activities include illegal endeavors like drug trafficking and money laundering. The use of violence enforces control and intimidates rivals. Corruption involves bribing officials to evade law enforcement. Organizational discipline ensures members adhere to rules, preserving order and loyalty. Penetration of legitimate businesses allows money laundering and legal influence expansion. An overarching code of secrecy protects against external threats and internal betrayal. The two most critical attributes are structure and corruption. The structure ensures efficient operation with a transparent chain of command, enabling effective coordination of activities. Corruption facilitates uninterrupted illegal activities by neutralizing law enforcement efforts through bribery and manipulation, protecting the group from legal consequences. These attributes are fundamental for OC’s sustainability and effectiveness, enabling operational efficiency and strategic protection. Evidence from scholarly sources and case studies, such as the Mafia and drug cartels, illustrates how these attributes contribute to their enduring success.

2: Investigate and then report on how terrorism differs from organized crime. As part of your response, include the ways they overlap. Please make sure to provide real-life referenced examples that illustrate and help support your view here.

Terrorism vs. Organized Crime

Next, we will compare and contrast terrorism and organized crime.

Definitions and Distinctions: Define both terrorism and organized crime. Highlight their primary objectives, methods, and ideologies.
Discuss Differences: Explain how these two forms of crime differ regarding their goals, tactics, and organizational structures.
Example: Terrorism often aims to achieve political or ideological goals, while organized crime typically seeks financial gain.
Identify Areas of Overlap: Discuss the similarities and intersections between terrorism and organized crime. Mention aspects like funding mechanisms, organizational structure, or use of violence.
Provide Real-Life Examples: Illustrate your points with specific examples. Compare the financial operations of a terrorist group like ISIS with those of an organized crime syndicate like the Mafia.
Use Credible References: Support your analysis with references from credible sources to strengthen your discussion and provide real-world relevance.

Example

Terrorism and organized crime, while sharing some similarities, have distinct differences. Terrorism is defined as the use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in pursuit of political or ideological goals. On the other hand, organized crime refers to criminal organizations that engage in illegal activities primarily for financial gain. The primary distinction lies in their objectives: terrorism aims to achieve political or ideological outcomes, such as creating fear to influence government policies, as seen with groups like ISIS. Organized crime, exemplified by syndicates like the Mafia, focuses on economic profit through activities such as drug trafficking, extortion, and money laundering. Despite these differences, there are notable overlaps. Both terrorism and organized crime may use similar methods, such as violence and intimidation, to achieve their ends. They also share similarities in their organizational structures, often operating in hierarchical setups with transparent chains of command. Funding mechanisms can also overlap; for example, terrorist organizations sometimes engage in organized crime to finance their operations. A real-life example is the financial operations of ISIS, which have been known to engage in smuggling and extortion similar to organized crime syndicates. Conversely, the Mafia has used violence and corruption to maintain control and influence, much like terrorist groups.

Closing

By completing the CMRJ 524 Week One Discussion: Attributes of Organized Crime & Terrorism, you will gain a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental characteristics of organized crime and its distinction from terrorism. This knowledge is crucial for developing effective strategies to combat these complex and evolving threats. The analysis will enhance your critical thinking and research skills and provide deeper insights into the dynamics of crime and its impact on global security.

CMRJ 524 WEEK TWO DISCUSSION: Transnational OC & Prohibition

Instructions for CMRJ 524 Week Two Discussion

W2: Transnational OC & Prohibition

Please answer both of the following Two Discussion Questions:

(Due NLT Thursday of Week 2):
From a “theoretical” (i.e., criminal justice theory) perspective, appraise (i.e., form a critical opinion) as to why transnational organized crime has continued to grow. In answering this question, you may use any criminological theory (e.g., Robert K Merton’s Theory of Anomie and Edwin H. Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory, Rational Choice, etc) that you choose to explain your answer.

Assess the impact of Prohibition on organized crime (to include scrutinizing both its strengths and weaknesses). Within your response, “very briefly,y” include the public’s view of the Prohibition Bureau.

Lastly, please realize this Discussion is directly connected to the following Course Learning Objectives:

CO2: Assess Transnational Organized Crime’s ability to continue flourishing through the application of criminological theory.

CO7: Evaluate the major organized crime statutes, such as the Harrison Act, the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), and Prohibition, and their role in fighting organized crime.

Module Objectives:

MO1: Critique how Differential Association Theory explains the growth of organized crime.

MO2: Evaluate how organized crime has expanded through the lens of Merton’s Theory of Anomie.

MO3: Apprise the impact that prohibition had on organized crime.

MO4: Predict the threats of transnational organized crime.

Image from open source/Photospin (Freshly made Mixed Drink with Mint on Weathered Wood)

Discussion Guidelines

Introduction to CMRJ 524 Week Two Discussion

The CMRJ 524 Week Two Discussion: Transnational OC & Prohibition requires you to analyze the growth of transnational organized crime through a theoretical lens and assess the impact of Prohibition on organized crime. Applying criminological theories and examining historical events, you will develop a critical understanding of these complex issues. This How-To CMRJ 524 Guide provides structured steps to help you effectively approach and complete each part of the assignment.

From a “theoretical” (i.e., criminal justice theory) perspective, appraise (i.e., form a critical opinion) as to why transnational organized crime has continued to grow. In answering this question, you may use any criminological theory (e.g., Robert K Merton’s Theory of Anomie and Edwin H. Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory, Rational Choice, etc) that you choose to explain your answer.

Theoretical Perspective on the Growth of Transnational Organized Crime

To solve the CMRJ 524 Week Two Discussion: Transnational OC & Prohibition, first, we will explore the theoretical perspective on the growth of transnational organized crime.

Select and Explain Criminological Theory: Choose a criminological theory, such as Merton’s Theory of Anomie, Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory, or Rational Choice Theory. Briefly explain the selected theory, focusing on its main principles and concepts.
Apply Theory to Transnational Organized Crime: Apply the chosen theory to explain the growth of transnational organized crime. Discuss how the theory’s principles relate to the factors driving the expansion of these criminal organizations across borders.
Critical Appraisal: Form a critical opinion on why transnational organized crime continues to grow. Evaluate the effectiveness of the chosen theory in explaining this phenomenon and consider alternative perspectives.

Example

To understand the growth of transnational organized crime (TOC), we can apply Robert K. Merton’s Theory of Anomie (Ademola & Akinbobola, 2022). Merton’s theory posits that societal pressures drive individuals to achieve culturally approved goals, but when legitimate means are inaccessible, individuals resort to illegitimate methods. Merton’s Theory of Anomie explains TOC by highlighting the disparities between societal goals and the means available to achieve them. In many regions, socio-economic conditions limit legitimate opportunities for success, leading individuals to seek alternative, often illegal, avenues (Nicaso & Danesi, 2021). TOC thrives in these environments, offering economic benefits and social status otherwise unattainable through legal means. Applying this theory to TOC, economic globalization, and political instability creates conditions ripe for organized crime. Global markets and porous borders facilitate illicit activities, while weak law enforcement and corruption in some regions provide safe havens for these organizations. This environment allows TOC groups to exploit the anomie—discrepancy between cultural goals and institutional means—on an international scale. Critically, while Merton’s theory effectively explains why individuals might turn to organized crime, it does not fully account for the sophisticated networks and strategic operations of TOC groups. Alternative perspectives, such as Rational Choice Theory, which focuses on the calculated decisions of criminals, may offer complementary insights (Nicaso & Danesi, 2021). Nonetheless, Merton’s Theory of Anomie remains a valuable lens through which to understand the socio-economic drivers behind the growth of transnational organized crime.

Assess the impact of Prohibition on organized crime (to include scrutinizing both its strengths and weaknesses). Within your response, “very briefly,” include the public’s view of the Prohibition Bureau.

Assess the Impact of Prohibition on Organized Crime

Next, we will assess the impact of prohibition on Organized Crime by discussing its strengths and weaknesses.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Assess the impact of Prohibition on organized crime by analyzing its strengths and weaknesses.
Discuss how Prohibition contributed to the rise of organized crime and its unintended consequences.
Public’s View of the Prohibition Bureau: Include a brief discussion of the public’s perception of the Prohibition Bureau.
Highlight how public opinion influenced the effectiveness and enforcement of Prohibition laws.

Example

Prohibition, enacted in the United States from 1920 to 1933, profoundly impacted organized crime (Woodiwiss, 2024). While its intended strength was to reduce alcohol consumption and improve public morals, it inadvertently fueled the rise of organized crime. Strengths and Weaknesses: Prohibition did lead to a temporary decrease in alcohol consumption and related health issues. However, its weaknesses far outweighed these benefits. The ban on alcohol created a lucrative black market, which organized crime syndicates quickly exploited (Lahcene & Madjed, 2022). Criminal organizations like the Mafia thrived, controlling the production, distribution, and sale of illegal alcohol. This illicit trade significantly increased their power and wealth. Rise of Organized Crime and Unintended Consequences: Prohibition inadvertently strengthened organized crime by providing a steady source of income. Gang violence escalated as criminal groups competed for control over territories and distribution networks. Corruption also surged, as law enforcement officials and politicians were often bribed to disregard illegal activities, undermining the rule of law (Woodiwiss, 2024). Public’s View of the Prohibition Bureau: The Prohibition Bureau, tasked with enforcing the ban, was largely ineffective and often ridiculed. Public opinion was generally negative, viewing the bureau as corrupt and inefficient. This widespread disdain made it difficult for the bureau to enforce Prohibition laws effectively, leading to widespread non-compliance and further empowering organized crime. In summary, Prohibition’s failure to curb alcohol consumption and its role in bolstering organized crime highlight its significant weaknesses, with public opinion playing a crucial role in its eventual repeal.

Closing

The CMRJ 524 Week Two Discussion: Transnational OC & Prohibition will give you a deeper understanding of transnational organized crime’s theoretical underpinnings and Prohibition’s historical impact. This analysis will enhance your ability to critically appraise criminal justice theories and historical events, providing valuable insights into the dynamics of organized crime. You will develop a well-rounded perspective on these significant issues by applying theory and historical analysis carefully.

References

Ademola, B., & Akinbobola. (2022). Examining the Relationship between Institution and Crime for Countries in the ECOWAS Region: A Test of Messner and Rosenfeld's Institutional Anomie Theory – ProQuest. https://www.proquest.com/openview/c870aa55cab1faebf92010315132ea21/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y Lahcene, B., & Madjed, F. M. A. E. (2022). Prohibition of Alcoholic Beverages in the USA: [Working Paper]. http://dspace.univ-guelma.dz/jspui/handle/123456789/13330 Nicaso, A., & Danesi, M. (2021). Organized Crime: A Cultural Introduction. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003027072 Woodiwiss, M. (2024). Organized Crime and American Power: A History, Second Edition. University of Toronto Press.

CMRJ 524 WEEK THREE DISCUSSION: The “Write” Question

Instructions of CMRJ 524 Week Three Discussion: The Write Question

W3: The “Write” Question

Please answer both of the following Discussion Questions:
(Due NLT Thursday of Week 3):

Class,
As identified by research regarding both traditional and online education, higher forms of learning take place when students can take an active part in curriculum development.

Subsequently, this week the questions are a bit different from those weeks before and after.

Rather than me posting a series of questions, each of you will instead develop a graduate-level question (i.e., not simply one that can be answered via regurgitation and no original thought), and then you will answer the very question you composed.

Compose a graduate-level question related to any of the topics covered in this week’s readings regarding the well-known (arguably the most famous Italian Mafia group) Cosa Nostra or the newer Italian Mafia organization known as Calabrian ‘Ndrangheta.

Note: In forming your question, one of the following verbs must be used: argue, interpret, assess, defend, propose, develop, analyze, or compare.

Fully answer the question you have created.

Lastly, please realize this discussion (based on both the readings contained to prepare for it, and the posts to be made) is directly connected to the following Course Learning Objectives:

CO3: Interpret the historical and socio-political patterns of organized crime in the United States.

Module Objectives:

MO1: Synthesize why advanced market societies experience the transplantation of functioning mafias.

MO2: Compare the media coverage of Cosa Nostra in Europe and America.

MO3: Critique America's fascination with the Mafia.

Discussion Guidelines

Introduction to CMRJ 524 Week Three Discussion

The Owlisdom Discussion post week three involves composing a graduate-level question related to the Cosa Nostra or Calabrian ‘Ndrangheta, two prominent Italian Mafia organizations, and then fully answering the question. The CMRJ 524 Week three Discussion: The Write Question task requires critical thinking, thorough research, and scholarly writing to develop a comprehensive and well-supported response. This How-To Guide provides structured steps to help you effectively approach and complete each part of the assignment.

Compose a graduate-level question related to topics covered in this week’s readings regarding the well-known (arguably the most famous Italian Mafia group) Cosa Nostra or the newer Italian Mafia organization called Calabrian ‘Ndrangheta.

Formulate a Graduate-Level Question

To start the CMRJ 524 Week three Discussion: The Write Question, we will formulate a question about the most famous Italian Mafia Group.

Topic Selection: Review the topics covered in this week’s readings on Cosa Nostra and Calabrian ‘Ndrangheta. Choose a topic that interests you and has sufficient depth for analysis.
Verb Selection: Select one of the specified verbs (argue, interpret, assess, defend, propose, develop, analyze, or compare) to guide the focus of your question. Ensure the verb aligns with the nature of the inquiry you wish to pursue.
Crafting the Question: Formulate a straightforward, concise question that challenges you to engage deeply with the topic. Ensure it is open-ended and requires critical analysis or evaluation.

Example

Analyze the structural differences between the Cosa Nostra and the Calabrian ‘Ndrangheta and their impact on the organizations’ resilience and adaptability.

Fully answer the question you have created.

Answer the Question

Next CMRJ524 Week three Discussion: The Write Question, we will answer the question we formulated above in detail.

Research and Gather Information: Conduct thorough research using scholarly sources to gather information relevant to your question. Focus on obtaining diverse perspectives and comprehensive data.
Structure Your Response: Organize your answer logically, beginning with an introduction that restates the question and outlines your approach. Follow with a detailed analysis or evaluation and conclude with a summary of your findings.
Support with Evidence: Use evidence from credible sources to support your arguments. Incorporate examples, case studies, and academic references to strengthen your response.

Example

The Cosa Nostra and the Calabrian ‘Ndrangheta are two of Italy’s most infamous Mafia organizations. Despite their shared roots in Italian organized crime, these groups have developed distinct structural differences influencing their resilience and adaptability. This analysis will explore these differences and assess their impact on each organization’s ability to withstand external pressures and adapt to changing circumstances.

The Cosa Nostra, based in Sicily, operates with a hierarchical structure resembling a corporation. At the top is the “Commission,” which includes the leaders of the most powerful families, ensuring centralized control and coordination. This structure allows for strategic decision-making and the distribution of resources across the organization. However, it also makes the Cosa Nostra vulnerable to law enforcement efforts that target its leadership.

In contrast, the Calabrian ‘Ndrangheta employs a more decentralized and family-based structure. Each family, or ndrina, operates independently within a loosely connected network. This decentralization provides flexibility and makes the organization more resilient to law enforcement actions, as the disruption of one unit does not necessarily impact the others. The ‘Ndrangheta’s emphasis on familial ties also strengthens internal loyalty and cohesion, further enhancing its resilience.

The centralized structure of the Cosa Nostra has historically enabled efficient management and resource allocation, facilitating large-scale operations and strategic planning. However, this centralization also means that the arrest or elimination of critical leaders can significantly disrupt the organization. The Cosa Nostra’s adaptability is thus limited by its dependence on a centralized hierarchy, which can become a single point of failure.

On the other hand, the ‘Ndrangheta’s decentralized structure enhances its adaptability. The independence of each ‘Trina allows the organization to quickly adapt to local conditions and evade law enforcement more effectively. This flexibility has enabled the ‘Ndrangheta to expand its influence beyond Italy, establishing a global presence in countries like Canada, Australia, and Germany. The solid familial bonds within the ‘Ndrangheta also ensure high trust and loyalty, reducing the risk of internal betrayal and enhancing the organization’s long-term resilience.

The structural differences between the Cosa Nostra and the Calabrian ‘Ndrangheta significantly impact their resilience and adaptability. Cosa Nostra’s centralized hierarchy allows for strategic coordination but creates vulnerabilities for law enforcement. In contrast, the ‘Ndrangheta’s decentralized, family-based structure provides flexibility and resilience, enabling it to adapt and thrive in diverse environments. Understanding these structural differences is crucial for developing effective strategies to combat these formidable organized crime groups.

Closing

By completing the CMRJ524 Week three Discussion: The Write Question, you will better understand the complexities and dynamics of Italian Mafia organizations. This process will enhance your research and analytical skills, enabling you to evaluate organized crime structures and their societal impacts critically. You will demonstrate your ability to engage with advanced criminological concepts and contribute to scholarly discourse on organized crime by carefully formulating a question and a well-supported answer. In the next module of CMRJ 524 WEEK four DISCUSSION: Russian & Yakuza OC.

CMRJ 524 WEEK four DISCUSSION: Russian & Yakuza OC

Instructions of CMRJ 524 Week four Discussion: Russian & Yakuza OC

W4: Russian & Yakuza OC

Please answer both of the following Discussion Questions: (Due NLT Thursday of Week 4):

Discuss Russian organized crime in the U.S. As a minimum, your answer should include a breakdown of the “typical” Russian organized crime member and what you propose the U.S. can and should do to counter this very real and significant organized crime threat. Thoroughly support your comments with referenced data and or referenced real-life examples (please no opinions only, in this graduate class).

2. Report what your research and this week’s readings tell us about the “Yakuza”. A well-written post will include discussions of (a) background, (b) rituals, and (c)the relationship with the police. Also, as part of your response, provide your personal assessment (with referenced support) as to whether or not the Yakuza has a largely positive and or negative impact on Japanese society. Thoroughly defend your view.

Lastly, this discussion is directly connected to the following Course Learning Objectives:

CO5: Analyze the varieties and characteristics of transnational organized crime;
CO6: Compare and contrast the origins, characteristics, and national makeup of Asian Crime and Russian organized crime groups.

Module Objectives:

MO1: Synthesize Russian organized crime in the United States.

MO2: Evaluate the historical evolution of Yakuza.

MO3: Compare the Chinese Red Mafia to the Japanese Yakuza.

MO4: Assess law enforcement efforts to combat foreign organized crime in the United States.

Introduction to CMRJ 524 Week Four Discussion

The Owlisdom, CMRJ 524 Week four Discussion: Russian & Yakuza OC requires you to explore two significant organized crime groups: Russian organized crime in the U.S. and the Yakuza in Japan. You will analyze the typical profile of Russian organized crime members, propose measures the U.S. can take to counter this threat, and provide a detailed report on the Yakuza, including their background, rituals, and relationship with the police. Finally, you will offer a personal assessment of the Yakuza’s impact on Japanese society, supported by research and readings. This How-To Guide provides structured steps to help you effectively approach and complete each part of the assignment.

Discuss Russian organized crime in the U.S. At a minimum, your answer should include a breakdown of the “typical” Russian organized crime member and what you propose the U.S. can and should do to counter this genuine and significant organized crime threat. Thoroughly support your comments with referenced data and or referenced real-life examples (please, no opinions only, in this graduate class).

Discuss Russian Organized Crime in the U.S.

CMRJ 524 Week four Discussion: Russian & Yakuza OC will discuss the Russian Organized Crimes in the USA.

Typical Russian Organized Crime Member: Research and describe the characteristics of a typical Russian organized crime member in the U.S. Focus on demographics, background, criminal activities, and organizational roles.
Example: Describe their involvement in activities such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and cybercrime.
Proposals for Countering the Threat: Propose measures the U.S. can take to counter Russian organized crime. Discuss strategies such as enhancing law enforcement cooperation, implementing stricter financial regulations, and utilizing advanced technology for tracking and disrupting criminal activities.
Supporting Data and Real-Life Examples: Use referenced data and real-life examples to support your discussion. Cite specific cases, law enforcement reports, and academic studies to provide a robust foundation for your proposals.

Example

Russian organized crime in the U.S. is characterized by a network of individuals primarily of Russian and Eastern European descent. Typical members often have a background in military or law enforcement, leveraging their skills in illegal activities such as drug trafficking, arms smuggling, money laundering, and cybercrime. These individuals are typically well-educated, disciplined, and highly organized. They operate in tight-knit groups with a clear hierarchical structure, enabling efficient coordination and execution of criminal enterprises.

To counter this threat, the U.S. must enhance law enforcement cooperation at the federal, state, and international levels. Establishing joint task forces with agencies like the FBI, DEA, and foreign counterparts can facilitate the sharing of intelligence and resources. Implementing stricter financial regulations, particularly regarding money laundering and shell companies, can disrupt the financial networks of these criminal organizations. Advanced technology, including AI and blockchain, can be employed to track and analyze illicit transactions, helping to identify and dismantle criminal networks.

Supporting this approach, the U.S. has succeeded with initiatives like the RICO Act, which has been used to prosecute organized crime figures effectively. Real-life examples, such as the takedown of the notorious “Russian Mafia” boss Semion Mogilevich, highlight the importance of international cooperation and robust legal frameworks in combating organized crime. Continued vigilance and adaptive strategies are crucial in addressing the evolving threat of Russian organized crime in the U.S.

Report what your research and this week’s readings tell us about the “Yakuza.” A well-written post will include discussions of (a) background, (b) rituals, and (c) the relationship with the police. Also, as part of your response, provide your assessment (with referenced support) as to whether or not the Yakuza has a primarily positive or negative impact on Japanese society. Thoroughly defend your view.

Report on the Yakuza

Next CMRJ 524 Week four Discussion: Russian & Yakuza OC, we will explore the Yakuza and assess it.

Background: Provide a detailed background of the Yakuza, including their history, structure, and leading activities. Explain how they originated and evolved.
Rituals: Discuss the essential rituals and cultural practices of the Yakuza. Highlight their significance in maintaining organizational cohesion and loyalty among members.
Relationship with the Police: Analyze the Yakuza’s relationship with the police in Japan. Discuss the historical context and current dynamics, including any cooperation or conflicts.
Personal Assessment of Impact on Japanese Society: Provide your assessment of whether the Yakuza has a primarily positive or negative impact on Japanese society. Support your view with referenced data and examples from credible sources. Consider their involvement in criminal activities versus their role in maintaining social order in specific contexts.

Example

The Yakuza, Japan’s organized crime syndicate, has a long history dating back to the Edo period. Originating as groups of peddlers and gamblers, the Yakuza evolved into a highly structured organization involved in various criminal activities, including drug trafficking, extortion, money laundering, and human trafficking. The Yakuza consists of several families today, with the Yamaguchi-gumi being the largest and most influential. The organization operates with a strict hierarchy and code of conduct, emphasizing loyalty and discipline.

Rituals play a crucial role in the Yakuza, reinforcing solidarity and hierarchy. One notable ritual is the “Yubitsume” or finger-cutting ceremony, where members amputate a portion of their finger to atone for mistakes, symbolizing remorse and commitment to the group. Initiation ceremonies often involve elaborate displays of loyalty and the swearing of oaths.

The relationship between the Yakuza and the police is complex. Historically, there have been periods of tacit tolerance where the Yakuza maintained order in specific neighborhoods. However, there has been a crackdown on Yakuza activities recently, with laws to disrupt their operations and financial networks. Despite this, the Yakuza continues to wield significant influence in Japan.

Assessing the Yakuza’s impact on Japanese society, it is predominantly negative due to their involvement in serious crimes and their exploitation of vulnerable individuals. However, some argue their presence has deterred petty crime in certain areas. Overall, their criminal activities and societal harm far outweigh any perceived benefits, necessitating continued efforts to dismantle their influence.

Closing

By completing the CMRJ 524 Week four Discussion: Russian & Yakuza OC, you will gain a comprehensive understanding of the complexities and dynamics of organized crime groups like Russian organized crime in the U.S. and the Yakuza in Japan. This analysis will enhance your ability to critically evaluate organized crime threats and develop informed strategies to counter them. Additionally, you will improve your research skills and deepen your knowledge of global organized crime and its societal impacts. In the next module of CMRJ 524 WEEK FIVE DISCUSSION: ETHICS.

CMRJ 524 WEEK Five DISCUSSION: Ethics

Instructions of CMRJ 524 WEEK five DISCUSSION

W5: Ethics and Exam Questions

Team CMRJ524,

Ethics is a critical component for the criminal justice/criminology academic disciplines, but also the profession. With ethics as a foundation of integrity and honesty, please answer the following question.

Why is it critical to maintain ethical standards and follow scientific research protocols when evaluating published scholarly articles on organized crime?

In addition, if you have questions pertaining to the Midterm Exam, please ask here.

Course Objectives

CO1: Examine individual attributes of organized crime;

CO2: Assess Transnational Organized Crime’s ability to continue flourishing through the application of criminological theory;

CO3: Interpret the historical and socio-political patterns of organized crime in the United States.

CO-5: Analyze the varieties and characteristics of transnational organized crime.

Module Objectives:

MO1: Evaluate the historical evolution of outlaw motorcycle clubs.

MO2: Criticize law enforcement efforts to combat outlaw motorcycle clubs.

MO3: Formulate the reasons for symbolisms in the outlaw motorcycle club culture.

MO4: Access the future of outlaw motorcycle clubs' impact on international crime.

MO5: Evaluate ethical standards in organized crime research.

Discussion Guidelines

Introduction to CMRJ 524 Week Five Discussion

The Owlisdom, CMRJ 524 Week five Discussion: Ethics Discussion requires you to explore the importance of maintaining ethical standards and following scientific research protocols when evaluating published scholarly articles on organized crime. By understanding and applying these principles, you will be able to critically evaluate research in a manner that ensures integrity, accuracy, and reliability. This How-To Guide provides structured steps to help you effectively approach and complete each part of the assignment.

Why is it critical to maintain ethical standards and follow scientific research protocols when evaluating published scholarly articles on organized crime?

Importance of Maintaining Ethical Standards

To start the CMRJ 524 Week Five Discussion: Ethics, we will discuss the importance of maintaining ethical standards.

Define Ethical Standards: Define ethical standards in the context of scholarly research. Ethical standards refer to the principles that guide researchers in conducting their work responsibly and with integrity.
Importance in Research: Explain why maintaining ethical standards is crucial in research on organized crime.
Discuss how ethical considerations protect subjects’ rights, ensure honesty and transparency, and prevent harm. Emphasize that ethical research builds public trust and contributes to the credibility of findings.

Example

Evaluating scholarly articles on organized crime necessitates maintaining ethical standards and adhering to scientific research protocols to ensure integrity and reliability. Ethical standards in research refer to principles that guide responsible conduct, safeguard the rights of participants, and ensure transparency. Adhering to ethical standards is crucial in organized crime research because it protects the anonymity and safety of subjects, ensures honesty in data reporting, and builds public trust in the research findings.

Scientific research protocols are systematic procedures that researchers follow to maintain the validity and reliability of their studies. These protocols are essential in organized crime research to ensure consistency and objectivity. Adhering to protocols helps minimize biases, allows for replicability of studies, and ensures that findings are robust and credible. For example, following a structured methodology when investigating organized crime networks ensures that the data collected is accurate and the analysis is sound.

Following Scientific Research Protocols

Here, CMRJ 524 Week Five Discussion: Ethics, we will discuss the importance of following scientific research protocols.

Define Scientific Research Protocols: Describe what scientific research protocols entail. Researchers follow these systematic procedures to ensure the validity and reliability of their studies.
Importance in Research: Highlight the importance of adhering to scientific research protocols. Explain how following these protocols helps maintain consistency, reduce biases, and ensure that the research can be replicated and verified by others. Stress that rigorous protocols are essential for producing trustworthy and high-quality research on organized crime.

Example

When critically evaluating scholarly articles, start by reading the abstract to understand the study’s scope and objectives. Assess the research question to determine if it is clear and focused. Evaluate the methodology to see if it is appropriate for the research question and if it follows established protocols. Examine the results to check if they are presented clearly and supported by the data. Consider the conclusions to see if they logically follow from the results and if they acknowledge any limitations.

The author’s credentials and the publication source should also be evaluated to ensure credibility. Look for evidence of bias or unsupported claims, and cross-reference findings with other reputable sources. This thorough evaluation process ensures that your analysis is objective and reliable.

By adhering to ethical standards and following scientific research protocols, you ensure the credibility and trustworthiness of your evaluations of scholarly articles on organized crime. This rigorous approach enhances the quality of research and contributes to advancing knowledge in the field.

Closing

By completing the CMRJ 524 Week Five Discussion: Ethics, you will better understand the critical role of ethical standards and scientific research protocols in evaluating scholarly articles on organized crime. This process will enhance your ability to critically appraise research, ensuring that your analyses are grounded in integrity and accuracy. Through careful evaluation and adherence to ethical principles, you will contribute to advancing reliable and trustworthy knowledge in organized crime studies. In the next module of CMRJ 524 WEEK SIX DISCUSSION: ETHICS.

CMRJ 524 WEEK six DISCUSSION: Ethics

Instructions of CMRJ 524, week six discussion: ethics

W6: Socio-Political Patterns & Black OC

Please answer the following question:
(Due NLT Thursday of Week 6):

With the 3rd course learning objective in mind, i.e., Interpret the historical and socio-political patterns of organized crime in the United States, pls apply this objective directly to black Organized Crime within the U.S.

Please know this discussion response should include a discussion and analysis of both past and current black OC within the U.S.

No participation posts required this week (hence, for the below rubric, “Collaboration” will not play a part).

Lastly, this discussion is directly connected to the following Course Learning Objective:

CO3: Interpret the historical and socio-political patterns of organized crime in the United States.

Module Objectives:

MO1: Evaluate the historical evolution of Black organized crime within the United States.

MO2: Critique the Pennsylvania Crime Commission analysis.

MO3: Appraise law enforcement efforts on combating the Black organized crime.

Discussion Guidelines

Introduction to CMRJ 524 Week Six Discussion

The Owlisdom, CMRJ 524 Discussion Week 6 requires you to interpret the historical and socio-political patterns of organized crime in the United States, specifically focusing on black organized crime. You will analyze past and current trends and discuss how socio-political contexts have shaped these organizations. This How-To Guide provides structured steps to help you effectively approach and complete each part of the assignment.

With the 3rd course learning objective in mind, i.e., Interpret the historical and socio-political patterns of organized crime in the United States. Please apply this objective directly to black Organized Crime within the U.S.Please know that this discussion response should include a discussion and analysis of both past and current black OC within the U.S.

Historical Patterns of Black Organized Crime

To start CMRJ 524 week six discussion: ethics, we will first explore the historical patterns of black organized crime.

Early Development and Key Figures: Research the origins and early development of black organized crime in the U.S. Identify significant figures and organizations, such as the “Numbers Racket” in Harlem and leaders like Bumpy Johnson.
Socio-Political Context: Discuss the socio-political environment that allowed black organized crime to flourish. Highlight factors like segregation, economic disparities, and the Great Migration, which contributed to the rise of these criminal enterprises.

Example

Black organized crime in the U.S. has its roots in the early 20th century, with a significant figure like Bumpy Johnson in Harlem. His influence and actions were instrumental in the emergence of these organizations, which were a response to socio-political conditions like segregation and economic exclusion that limited legitimate opportunities for African Americans. The “Numbers Racket” became a significant economic activity, providing financial opportunities within black communities.

Current Trends in Black Organized Crime

Next CMRJ 524 week six discussion: ethics, we will discuss the current trends in Black Organized Crimes.

Modern Activities and Structures: Investigate the current state of black organized crime. Identify the main criminal activities (e.g., drug trafficking, gang operations) and organizational structures. Discuss how these activities have evolved from historical practices.
Influence of Socio-Political Changes: Analyze how recent socio-political changes, such as changes in drug laws, economic shifts, and policing strategies, have impacted black organized crime. Consider both positive and negative effects on these organizations.

Example

Today, black organized crime has evolved, focusing on activities such as drug trafficking and gang operations. The structure of these organizations remains decentralized, adapting to law enforcement strategies. Recent socio-political changes, including drug law reforms and economic shifts, have impacted these groups’ operations. While some reforms have reduced criminal opportunities, others have led to new illicit activities.

Comparative Analysis

Lastly, CMRJ 524 week six discussion: ethics, we will provide a comparative analysis of the key takeaways from the CMRJ 524 Discussion 6.

Evolution Over Time: Compare historical and current trends in black organized crime. Discuss how these organizations have adapted to changing socio-political environments and the continuity or discontinuity in their operations.
Impact on Communities and Law Enforcement: Examine the impact of black organized crime on communities and law enforcement efforts. Discuss the social, economic, and legal challenges these criminal activities pose.

Example

Comparing historical and current trends, black organized crime has shown resilience and adaptability. Historically, these groups capitalized on socio-political disenfranchisement, while today, they navigate a complex landscape of law enforcement and socio-economic changes. The continuity in exploiting socio-political conditions is evident, though the nature of criminal activities has diversified.

Comprehending the historical and socio-political patterns of black organized crime is crucial. It provides critical insights into its evolution and current state, but also aids in developing effective strategies to combat these organizations, considering their historical roots and modern adaptations. This knowledge is a key to understanding the complex dynamics of these criminal networks and devising effective countermeasures.

Closing

By completing the Discussion Week 6 CMRJ 524, you will gain a comprehensive understanding of the historical and socio-political patterns of black organized crime in the U.S. This analysis will enhance your ability to evaluate these organizations’ evolution and current state critically. A detailed examination of past and present trends will give you insights into the complex interplay between socio-political factors and organized crime, contributing to a more informed perspective on this significant aspect of American history and society. In the next module of CMRJ 524 WEEK SEVEN DISCUSSION: ETHICS.

CMRJ 524 WEEK Seven DISCUSSION: Ethics

Instructions for CMRJ-524 week seven discussion: ethics

W7: Crime Statutes & Racketeering

Please answer the following Discussion Questions:
(Due NLT Thursday of Week 7):

CMRJ 524 Course Companion – Discussions, & Research on Organized Crime & Terrorism | Owlisdom Guides

1: Examine labor racketeering and the “Big Four” (i.e., International Brotherhood of Teamsters, the Laborers International Union, the Hotel and Restaurant Employees and Bartenders International Union, and the International Longshoremen’s Association), and cite at least two “specific” examples. Lastly, conclude your post by identifying some of the potential advantages a company may gain by entering into a corrupt relationship with their employees' union (pls ensure your views are well supported, i.e., not just opinion).

Note: The above will require additional research outside of the weekly readings.

2: Please select one of the following 2 questions (i.e., you need only reply to 1 of the following):

a. Compare the role of organized crime in gambling in Las Vegas and New Jersey. As part of your response, explain how Las Vegas and New Jersey would be different today (good or bad) if not for the influence of organized crime (please ensure your views are well supported, i.e., not just opinion).

or

b. Thoroughly review the Harrison Act and its ramifications. As part of your response, defend whether or not you believe this Act was beneficial or not (please ensure your views are well supported, i.e., not just opinion).

Lastly, please realize this discussion is directly connected to the following Course Learning Objective:

CO7: Evaluate the major organized crime statutes, such as the Harrison Act, the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), and Prohibition, and their role in fighting organized crime.

Module Objectives:

MO1: Synthesize how federal laws have targeted organized crime.

MO2: Evaluate the impact that organized crime has had on the gaming industry.

MO3: Rate the Harrison Act's impact on combating organized crime.

Discussion Guidelines

Image from open source Shutterstock open source

Introduction to CMRJ 524 Week Seven Discussion

The Owlisdom, CMRJ 524 week seven discussion: ethics requires you to explore various aspects of organised crime, focusing on labour racketeering, the influence of organised crime in gambling in Las Vegas and New Jersey, and the Harrison Act. By examining these topics, you will develop a comprehensive understanding of how organised crime has shaped various sectors. This How-To Guide provides structured steps to help you effectively approach and complete each discussion part.

Examine labour racketeering and the “Big Four” (i.e., the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, the Laborers International Union, the Hotel and Restaurant Employees and Bartenders International Union, and the International Longshoremen’s Association), and cite at least two “specific” examples. Lastly, conclude your post by identifying some potential advantages a company may gain by entering into a corrupt relationship with their employees’ union (please ensure your views are well supported, i.e., not just opinion).

Examine Labor Racketeering and the “Big Four”

For the CMRJ 524 week seven discussion: ethics, we will begin by examining labour racketeering, and we will also discuss the Big Four.

Overview of Labor Racketeering: Define labour racketeering and its significance in organised crime. Discuss how criminal organisations infiltrate labour unions to control labour markets and extort money.
Specific Examples: Identify and explain at least two examples of labour racketeering involving the “Big Four” unions (International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Laborers International Union, Hotel and Restaurant Employees and Bartenders International Union, and International Longshoremen’s Association). Provide details on how organised crime exploited these unions.
Advantages for Companies: Conclude this section by discussing the potential advantages a company may gain by entering into a corrupt relationship with a union. Ensure your views are well supported with evidence, such as increased labour peace, reduced costs, or enhanced control over labour practices.

Example

Examine Labor Racketeering and the “Big Four”

Labor racketeering involves the manipulation of labor unions by organized crime groups to control labor markets and extort money. The International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT) is a prime example, with figures like Jimmy Hoffa accused of collaborating with mobsters to control union activities and pension funds. Another example is the Hotel and Restaurant Employees and Bartenders International Union, which faced similar infiltration, leading to widespread corruption and violence.

Companies may gain advantages by entering into corrupt union relationships, such as avoiding strikes and ensuring labour peace. These arrangements can also reduce labour costs through illicit deals and gaining control over labour practices, thereby improving efficiency. However, these benefits come at the cost of legal risks and ethical breaches, highlighting the complex dynamics of labour racketeering.

Compare the role of organised crime in gambling in Las Vegas and New Jersey. As part of your response, explain how Las Vegas and New Jersey would be different today (good or bad) if not for the influence of organised crime (please ensure your views are well supported, i.e., not just opinion).

Compare the Role of Organized Crime in Gambling in Las Vegas and New Jersey

Here, CMRJ 524 week seven discussion: ethics, we will compare the role of organized crime in gambling in Las Vegas and New Jersey.

Historical Influence in Las Vegas: Describe the role of organised crime in developing gambling in Las Vegas. Include critical figures and their contributions to the casino industry.
Historical Influence in New Jersey: Outline the involvement of organised crime in New Jersey’s gambling scene. Discuss significant events and figures.
Impact of Organized Crime on Current Landscape: Analyze how Las Vegas and New Jersey would be different today if not for the influence of organized crime. Support your views with evidence, considering both positive and negative impacts on the economy, tourism, and societal norms.

Example

Compare the Role of Organized Crime in Gambling in Las Vegas and New Jersey

Organised crime played a crucial role in the development of gambling in Las Vegas. Figures like Bugsy Siegel were instrumental in establishing significant casinos, transforming Las Vegas into a gambling hub. In New Jersey, mob influence was also significant, with the Mafia heavily involved in Atlantic City’s casino industry.

Without organised crime, Las Vegas might not have developed into the major entertainment and tourism destination it is today. Organised crime investments fueled rapid growth and attracted tourists despite the violence and corruption. In New Jersey, the absence of mob influence might have led to slower development and fewer casinos, potentially reducing the region’s economic benefits and limiting criminal activities and corruption.

Thoroughly review the Harrison Act and its ramifications. As part of your response, defend whether or not you believe this Act was beneficial (please ensure your views are well supported, i.e., not just opinion).

Review the Harrison Act and its Ramifications

Now, CMRJ 524 week seven discussion: ethics, we will review the Harrison Act and its Ramifications.

Overview of the Harrison Act: Provide a brief overview, including its purpose and main provisions.
Ramifications: Discuss the immediate and long-term effects of the Harrison Act on drug control and organised crime.
Defence of the Act’s Benefits or Drawbacks: Present a well-supported argument on whether you believe the Harrison Act was beneficial or detrimental. Use evidence to support your position, considering factors such as its impact on public health, law enforcement, and the criminal justice system.

B. Review the Harrison Act and its Ramifications

The Harrison Act of 1914 was enacted to regulate and tax the production, importation, and distribution of opiates and coca products. Its primary goal was to curb drug abuse and addiction. However, the act had significant ramifications, including the criminalisation of drug possession and use, which inadvertently fueled the growth of organised crime as gangs took over the illegal drug market.

The Harrison Act’s effectiveness is debatable. While it aimed to control drug abuse, it also led to increased incarceration rates and the expansion of illegal drug trafficking. On the positive side, it raised awareness about the dangers of drug abuse and established a framework for drug regulation. On the negative side, it contributed to the stigmatisation of drug users and overwhelmed the criminal justice system. Overall, the Harrison Act had mixed outcomes, highlighting the need for balanced drug policies that address both public health and criminal justice concerns.

Closing

By completing the CMRJ-524 week seven discussion: ethics, you will gain a deeper understanding of the complex interactions between organised crime and various sectors such as labour, gambling, and drug control. This analysis will enhance your ability to critically evaluate organised crime’s historical and socio-political patterns and its ongoing impact on society. You will develop a well-rounded perspective on these significant issues through careful examination and supported arguments. In the next module of CMRJ 524 WEEK EIGHT RESEARCH PAPER: ETHICS.

CMRJ 524 WEEK eight research paper: Ethics

Instructions for CMRJ 524 week eight research paper: ethics

W8: Research Paper Questions

Weekly Objectives:

CO1: Focus will depend on topic choice.

Module Objectives:

MO1: Evaluate the United States Attorney Bulletin on Organized Crime.

If you have questions pertaining to the Research Paper, please ask here.

Discussion Guidelines

Week 8 Research Paper

Instructions

The Research Paper will be 19% of the course grade and consist of 14-20 double-spaced pages (excluding title page and reference page). The research will address one of the following five topics:

1. Terrorism and Organized Crime: Similarities and Differences (Connected to Course Learning Objective #4, i.e., Report on how terrorism differs from organized crime).

2. History of Organized Crime in the U.S. (Connection to several Course Learning Objectives #2. Assess organized crime’s ability to continue flourishing through the application of sociological and criminological theory; #3 Interpret the historical and socio-political patterns of organized crime in the United States; #6 Compare the origins, characteristics, and national makeup of Asian Crime and Russian organized crime groups; #7. Separate traits and characteristics of the two main Italian Mafia groups, that is, the well-known Cosa Nostra and the newer Calabrian ‘Ndrangheta; and #8. Scrutinize major organized crime statutes, such as the Harrison Act, the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), and the Prohibition Act.

3. Explaining Organized Crime Through the Lens of Rational Choice Theory, or
Another sociological and or criminological criminal justice theory of your choice. (Connected to Course Learning Objective #2, i.e., Assess Transnational Organized Crime’s ability to continue flourishing through the application of criminological theory).

4. Which Poses the Biggest Threat to the U.S, Russian, or Asian Organized Crime? (Connected to Course Learning Objective #6. Compare the origins, characteristics, and national makeup of Asian Crime and Russian organized crime groups.

5. A topic of interest to the student, which is fully related to this course, and approved in advance by the instructor. Note: Any proposed topic must be shown to directly connect to one of the course learning objectives identified in the syllabus.

This paper must have at least 10 references from primary sources, for example, the weekly readings, peer-reviewed journals, etc. The use of newspapers, news magazines, and similar periodicals must be kept to a minimum, but a fine for background material. Students are encouraged to use the APUS online library in order to utilize peer-reviewed journals to the maximum extent possible.

Web sources should be evaluated based on the site sponsor, among other things, such as: How long has the site existed? Is there sufficient information to judge credentials, authenticity, credibility, and bias? Are facts supported by cited sources? Is the material published only on the web? Wikipedia is not an acceptable source.

The evaluation of the paper will be based on the rubric below.

The research paper must be written using the American Psychological Association (APA) style, 7th Edition. In part, this must include the following: (b) Times New Roman style, (c) 12-point font, (d) double-spaced, with (e) 1-inch page margins all around.

For the paper, please follow the format/roadmap:

Title page

Abstract

Introduction

Headings as needed for the body of the paper that you create/name based on the focus of your paper

Conclusion

References

Note: All quotes must be encapsulated in quotation marks with an in-text citation including the page number. Direct quotes over 40 words must be in block format. Likewise, all papers must be 100% original work for this class. The discovery of past work being used will be treated as cheating and plagiarism, and as a minimum, will result in a 0 for the paper. Also, the rubric aside, papers that fall short of the minimum length will have a maximum point award related to the % of the paper they actually submit. For example, the maximum possible for a paper that is 50% short of the minimum length will be 50%.

Attachments

Formal Written Assignment Final Paper Rubrics CJ.docx

(42.43 KB)

Example Student-Paper APA Style 7th edition.docx

(35.67 KB)

APA Style (7th ed) Guide.pdf

Introduction to CMRJ 524 Week Eight Research Paper

The Owlisdom, CMRJ 524 week eight research paper: ethics r for CMRJ 524 requires you to compare and contrast terrorism and organized crime, focusing on their similarities and differences. You will explore how these two forms of crime operate, their impact on society, and their challenges to law enforcement. Following a structured format will develop a comprehensive and well-supported analysis. This How-To Guide provides clear steps to help you effectively approach and complete each part of the assignment.

Research Paper

For the CMRJ 524 week eight research paper: ethics, we have a few topics to choose from. I am choosing Terrorism and Organized Crime.

Title Page

Format: Create a title page that includes the title of your paper, your name, the course name, the instructor’s name, and the date. Ensure it is formatted according to your academic institution’s guidelines (e.g., APA, MLA).

Abstract

Summary: Write a concise summary of your paper (150-250 words), including the main points and findings. The abstract should provide an overview of the similarities and differences between terrorism and organized crime and outline the key arguments you will discuss.

Example

This paper explores the similarities and differences between terrorism and organized crime, focusing on their operational methods, organizational structures, and impacts on society and law enforcement. While both phenomena utilize violence and hierarchical structures, they differ significantly in their primary objectives and methods of operation. The paper includes case studies to illustrate these points and discusses the broader implications for policy and law enforcement strategies.

Introduction

Context and Purpose: Introduce the topic by providing context about terrorism and organized crime. Explain why it is essential to understand the distinctions and overlaps between these two phenomena.
Thesis Statement: Present your thesis statement, outlining the main focus of your paper and the key points you will cover.

Example

Terrorism and organized crime are two significant threats to global security and stability (Георгієвська et al., 2021). Understanding the distinctions and overlaps between these phenomena is crucial for developing effective strategies to combat them. This paper compares terrorism and organized crime, focusing on their similarities and differences regarding operational methods, organizational structures, and impacts on society and law enforcement.

Body of the Paper

Similarities between Terrorism and Organized Crime: Discuss the commonalities between terrorism and organized crime. Focus on their use of violence, hierarchical structures, and financing methods. Provide evidence and examples to support your points.
Differences between Terrorism and Organized Crime: Explore the differences. Highlight distinctions in their objectives (political vs. financial), methods, and organizational structures. Use specific examples to illustrate these differences.
Case Studies and Examples: Incorporate real-life case studies and examples to better understand how terrorism and organized crime operate. Analyze notable cases and discuss their implications.
Impact on Society and Law Enforcement: Evaluate the impact of terrorism and organized crime on society and law enforcement. Discuss each pose's challenges to public safety and the strategies used to combat them.

Example

Similarities between Terrorism and Organized Crime

Both terrorism and organized crime employ violence and intimidation to achieve their goals. They often operate in hierarchical structures with transparent chains of command, allowing for efficient decision-making and resource allocation. Additionally, both entities engage in illicit activities such as drug trafficking, arms smuggling, and money laundering to fund their operations. For example, the Taliban in Afghanistan has been known to engage in opium production to finance its activities, similar to how organized crime syndicates like the Mafia operate.

Differences between Terrorism and Organized Crime

The primary distinction between terrorism and organized crime lies in their objectives. Terrorism is driven by ideological or political goals, seeking to instill fear and achieve specific political outcomes (Георгієвська et al., 2021). In contrast, organized crime is primarily motivated by financial gain, focusing on activities that generate profit. For instance, terrorist groups like ISIS aim to establish a caliphate. In contrast, organized crime groups like the Yakuza are involved in a range of profit-driven activities such as extortion and illegal gambling (Reuter & Paoli, 2020).

Case Studies and Examples

Examining specific cases provides deeper insights into how terrorism and organized crime operate. The involvement of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) in both political violence and criminal activities illustrates the complex interplay between ideological motivations and financial needs (Kowalski, 2023). Similarly, the Mafia’s influence on Las Vegas gambling highlights the economic motivations behind organized crime. These examples underscore the importance of understanding the multifaceted nature of these threats.

Impact on Society and Law Enforcement

Both terrorism and organized crime pose significant challenges to society and law enforcement. Terrorist acts create widespread fear and can destabilize governments, while organized crime undermines the rule of law and corrupts institutions (Kowalski, 2023). Due to their covert operations and extensive networks, law enforcement agencies face difficulties addressing these threats. Effective strategies require international cooperation, advanced technology, and robust legal frameworks.

Conclusion

Summary of Key Points: Summarize the main points discussed in your paper. Reiterate the similarities and differences between terrorism and organized crime.
Implications: Reflect on the broader implications of your findings for policy and law enforcement strategies.

Example

In conclusion, while terrorism and organized crime share some operational similarities, they differ fundamentally in their objectives and methods. Understanding these differences is crucial for developing targeted strategies to combat these threats. The analysis presented in this paper highlights the importance of a nuanced approach to addressing terrorism and organized crime, considering their distinct characteristics and impacts on society.

References

Citations: Compile a list of all the sources you referenced in your paper. Ensure your references are formatted according to the required citation style (e.g., APA, MLA).

Kowalski, R. C. (2023). Micro-patterns of violence: Disaggregating Provisional Irish Republican Army activity, 1969-1979 [Http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text, University of Oxford]. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d7ee9817-3144-4ebc-997e-b82b42899a1c

Reuter, P., & Paoli, L. (2020). How Similar Are Modern Criminal Syndicates to Traditional Mafias? Crime and Justice, 49, 223–287. https://doi.org/10.1086/708869

Георгієвська, В. В., Bidzilya, Y. M., Solomin, Y. O., Shapovalova, H. V., & Poplavska, N. M. (2021). The stability of State information in the face of terrorist threats. Cuestiones Políticas, 39(70), Artículo 70.

Closing

By completing the CMRJ-524 week eight research paper on ethics, you will gain a deeper understanding of the complexities and nuances of terrorism and organized crime. This analysis will enhance your ability to critically evaluate these forms of crime and their impact on society. Through careful research and structured argumentation, you will develop insights that will contribute to the broader criminal justice studies field. You can also read CMRJ-524 complete modules to ace the course!