NURS-6050N-27 – Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health: Understanding Healthcare Policy, Leadership, and Population Wellness

Introduction:

NURS-6050N-27 – Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health focuses on how nurses can shape healthcare policies and advocate for community well-being. The course explores policy development, ethics, and leadership in advancing population health outcomes. For expert help with policy analysis papers or advocacy assignments, visit Owlisdom’s Nursing coursework Help for professional academic support.

NURS 6050N-27 1-1 DISCUSSION

Instructions of NURS 6050N-27 1-1 DISCUSSION

PRESIDENTIAL AGENDAS

Rather than focus on the treatment of chronic disease, policies that influence population health tend to emphasize prevention and wellness; the reduction or elimination of waste and the eradication of health disparities based on race, ethnicity, language, income, gender, sexual orientation, disability, and other factors. The reasoning is that good health belongs to the whole, not just an individual. (New York State Dept. of Health, n.d.)

Regardless of political affiliation, every citizen has a stake in healthcare policy decisions. Hence, it is little wonder why healthcare items become such high-profile components of presidential agendas. It is also little wonder why they become such hotly debated agenda items.

Consider a topic (mental health, HIV, opioid epidemic, pandemics, obesity, prescription drug prices, or many others) that rises to the presidential level. How did the current and previous presidents handle the problem? What would you do differently?

Reference:
New York State Department of Health. (n.d.). Making New York the healthiest state: Achieving the triple aim. Retrieved June 21, 2021, from https://www.health.ny.gov/events/population_health_summit/docs/what_is_population_health.pdf

RESOURCES

Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. 

WEEKLY RESOURCES

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources and reflect on the importance of agenda setting.
• Consider how federal agendas promote healthcare issues and how these healthcare issues become agenda priorities.

BY DAY 3 OF WEEK 1

Post your response to the discussion question: Consider a population health topic that rises to the presidential agenda level. Which social determinant most affects this health issue? How did two recent presidents handle the problem? What would you do differently?

BY DAY 6 OF WEEK 1

Respond to at least two of your colleagues* on two different days by expanding on their response and providing an example that supports their explanation or respectfully challenging their explanation and providing an example.

INTRODUCTION TO NURS-6050N-27 1-1 DISCUSSION

This Owlisdom, NURS-6050N-27 1-1 Discussion assignment involves writing a discussion post about a population health topic that has risen to the presidential agenda level. The task requires you to identify the social determinant most affecting this health issue, analyze how two recent presidents handled the problem, and propose what you would do differently. The NURS-6050N-27 1-1 Discussion will also include responding to your classmates’ posts by expanding on their responses or respectfully challenging their views with supportive examples.

Consider a population health topic that rises to the presidential agenda level. Which social determinant most affects this health issue?

POPULATION HEALTH TOPIC AND KEY SOCIAL DETERMINANT

• Select a topic such as mental health, opioid crisis, or healthcare access.
• Ensure the topic is significant and has been a focus of recent presidential agendas.
• Identify a key social determinant such as employment status, socioeconomic status, or access to healthcare.
• Explain how this determinant affects the health issue.

Example

To discuss how federal agendas promote healthcare issues, I will examine the topic of opioid addiction, a major public health crisis in the United States. The issue has transcended into the presidential agenda due to its vast socio-economic impact and the rapid increase in opioid-related deaths.

A critical social determinant affecting this health issue is economic stability. Economic factors such as unemployment, job insecurity, and poverty have significantly contributed to higher rates of opioid addiction. People in economically disadvantaged areas often have limited access to healthcare services, including mental health and addiction support, which exacerbates the crisis.

How did two recent presidents handle the problem?

ANALYZING PRESIDENTIAL APPROACHES

In this section of NURS-6050N-27 1-1 Discussion, we will analyse presidential approaches.

• Discuss the initiatives and policies implemented by two recent presidents.
• Analyze the effectiveness and limitations of their approaches.

Example

Presidential agendas play a pivotal role in addressing such crises by setting policy priorities and directing federal resources. During Barack Obama’s administration, opioid addiction was recognized as a severe crisis, leading to the 2016 announcement of new initiatives aimed at expanding access to treatment (Pacula & Stein, 2020). It included increasing the number of patients doctors could treat for addiction using specific medications. Additionally, Obama’s administration focused on expanding Medicaid services to cover more people needing addiction treatment.

Donald Trump declared the opioid crisis a public health emergency in 2017. His administration increased funding for opioid crisis grants to states, promoted the development of non-addictive pain management alternatives, and launched public awareness campaigns (Kuenning, 2024). However, critics argued that Trump’s approach was too focused on punitive measures and not enough on expanding treatment and recovery services.

What would you do differently?

PROPOSING A DIFFERENT APPROACH

• Propose a strategy that addresses the identified social determinant more effectively.
• Explain how your approach would improve upon previous efforts.

Example

If I were to address this issue differently, I would implement a comprehensive approach focusing on the prevention, treatment, and social reintegration of individuals suffering from opioid addiction. It would involve:

• Prevention: Launching educational programs in schools and communities to prevent drug misuse.
• Treatment: Expanding funding for addiction treatment facilities to include more comprehensive services, focusing on holistic and long-term recovery options.
• Economic Support: Implementing job training and placement programs for recovering individuals to facilitate their reintegration into society.

• Addressing the root social determinants such as economic stability by providing more substantial support for mental health services in economically distressed regions could further help mitigate the crisis. The approach ensures a balanced strategy that not only treats the symptoms but also addresses the underlying causes of opioid addiction.

  REFERENCES

  Kuenning, G. (2024). The US Opioid Crisis and the Affordable Care Act (ACA): The Politics of Health Policy Decision-Making by Republican Governors, Senators, and States [PhD Thesis]. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/items/c4eac0ca-9a95-47de-bb8e-e924f4dfde39

  Pacula, R. L., & Stein, B. D. (2020). State approaches to tackling the opioid crisis through the health care system. The Opioid Crisis in America: Domestic and International Dimensions. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. https://healthpolicy.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/4_Pacula-Stein_final.pdf

  Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days by expanding on their response and providing an example that supports their explanation or respectfully challenging their explanation and providing an example.

  RESPONSES

  • Respond to at least two classmates on different days.
  • Justify your responses with examples, research, and reasoning.

  Example

  Hello …,

  Your insightful analysis of how healthcare issues like mental health reform have risen to the presidential agenda is compelling. I particularly appreciate your emphasis on the role of educational initiatives in promoting mental health awareness. Indeed, the early identification and intervention strategies you mentioned can significantly reduce long-term implications for individuals struggling with mental health issues. Additionally, your mention of President Biden’s focus on integrating mental health into primary care is a progressive step that might offer more comprehensive and accessible care. However, I would suggest expanding on how these reforms could be implemented within schools and workplaces to further normalize mental health discussions. Such environments are crucial touchpoints for early detection and support, potentially easing the burden on healthcare systems.

  Hi Richard,

  Your discussion on childhood obesity as a population health topic that requires presidential attention is very pertinent. The emphasis on environmental factors, such as community and school settings, offers a crucial perspective on combating obesity from the ground up. It’s interesting to see how different administrations, like those of Trump and Obama, approached this issue through policies impacting food quality in schools and public health campaigns. I wonder if incorporating technology, such as apps for tracking physical activity and diet, could enhance individual engagement and accountability, particularly among younger demographics. Additionally, your idea for local community health initiatives is promising. Perhaps partnerships with local businesses to promote healthy eating could also be an effective strategy to change dietary habits community-wide, leveraging local influence to foster a healthier next generation.

  CLOSING

  By following these NURS-6050N-27 1-1 Discussion guidelines, students can effectively complete the discussion assignment, demonstrating a thorough understanding of how social determinants influence health issues and how federal agendas can address these concerns. In the next module of Nurs-6050, we will explore the 1-2 Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet.

  NURS-6050N-27 1-2 Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet

  Instructions of NURS-6050N-27 1-2 Agenda Comparison Grid And Fact Sheet

  AGENDA COMPARISON GRID AND FACT SHEET

  It may seem to you that healthcare has been a national topic of debate among political leaders for as long as you can remember.

  Healthcare has been a policy item and a topic of debate not only in recent times but as far back as the administration of the second U.S. president, John Adams. In 1798, Adams signed legislation requiring that 20 cents per month of a sailor’s paycheck be set aside for covering their medical bills. This represented the first major piece of U.S. healthcare legislation, and the topic of healthcare has been woven into presidential agendas and political debate ever since.

  As a healthcare professional, you may be called upon to provide expertise, guidance and/or opinions on healthcare matters as they are debated for inclusion into new policy. You may also be involved in planning new organizational policy and responses to changes in legislation. For all of these reasons you should be prepared to speak to national healthcare issues making the news.

  In this Assignment, you will analyze recent presidential healthcare agendas. You also will prepare a fact sheet to communicate the importance of a healthcare issue and the impact on this issue of recent or proposed policy.

  RESOURCES

  Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
  Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. 

  WEEKLY RESOURCES

  To Prepare:

  • Review the agenda priorities of the current/sitting U.S. president and at least one previous presidential administration.
  • Select an issue related to healthcare that was addressed by two U.S. presidential administrations (current and previous).
  • Consider how you would communicate the importance of a healthcare issue to a legislator/policymaker or a member of their staff for inclusion on an agenda.
  • Use your Week 1 Discussion post to help with this assignment.

  The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Comparison Grid, 1-Page Analysis, and 1-page narrative) with a title page. This is an APA paper. Use 2-3 course resources and at least 2 outside resources.

  Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid

  Use the Agenda Comparison Grid Template found in the Learning Resources and complete the Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid based on the current/sitting U.S. president and the previous president, and their agendas related to the population health concern you selected. Be sure to address the following:

  • Identify and provide a brief description of the population health concern you selected.
  • Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue.
  • Identify the allocation of resources that the presidents dedicated to this issue.

  Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis

  Using the information you recorded in Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid on the template, complete the Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis portion of the template, by addressing the following:

  • Which administrative agency (like HHS, CDC, FDA, OHSA) would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected and why is this agency the most helpful for the issue?
  • How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the presidential agenda? How does it stay there?
  • An entrepreneur/champion/sponsor helps to move the issue forward. Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/champion/sponsor (this can be a celebrity, a legislator, an agency director, or others) of the healthcare issue you selected and why would this person be a good entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor? An example is Michael J. Fox is champion for Parkinson’s disease.

  Part 3: Fact Sheet

  Using the information recorded on the template in Parts 1 and 2, develop a 1-page fact sheet that you could use to communicate with a policymaker/legislator or a member of their staff for this healthcare issue. Be sure to address the following:

  • Summarize why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation.
  • Justify the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues.

  BY DAY 7 OF WEEK 2

  Submit your final version of Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid, Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis, and Part 3: Narrative.

  SUBMISSION INFORMATION

  Before submitting your final assignment, you can check your draft for authenticity. To check your draft, access the Turnitin Drafts from the Start Here area. 

  1. To submit your completed assignment, save your Assignment as WK2Assgn+LastName+Firstinitial
  2. Then, click on Start Assignment near the top of the page.

  Next, click on Upload File and select Submit Assignment for review.

  INTRODUCTION TO NURS-6050N-27 1-2 AGENDA COMPARISON GRID AND FACT SHEET

  This NURS-6050N-27 1-2 Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet assignment involves comparing the healthcare agendas of the current U.S. president and the previous president related to a selected population health concern. You will complete an agenda comparison grid and create a fact sheet to communicate with policymakers or legislators. This Owlisdom guide of NURS-6050N-27 2-1 Discussion Politics And The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act will help you systematically approach and complete each part of the assignment professionally.

  Identify and provide a brief description of the population health concern you selected.

  PART 1: AGENDA COMPARISON GRID

  • Select a health issue of national significance (e.g., opioid addiction).
  • Provide a brief overview, including key factors contributing to the issue.

  Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue.

  • Research and describe how each president approached the health issue.
  • Include specific initiatives, programs, and strategies implemented.

  Identify the allocation of resources that the presidents dedicated to this issue.

  • Detail the financial and other resources each administration dedicated to the issue.
  • Include information on on grants, funding, and other support measures.

  Example

  Identify the Population Health Concern You Selected		Opioid Addiction
  Describe the Population Health Concern You Selected and the Factors That Contribute to It		Opioid addiction has become a critical public health issue in the U.S., characterised by a sharp increase in opioid-related overdoses and deaths. Contributing factors include over-prescription of painkillers, lack of sufficient addiction treatment resources, economic distress, and inadequate public awareness about the risks of opioid use.
  Administration (President Name)	President Trump		President Obama
  Describe the Administrative Agenda Focus Related to This Issue for the Current and Two Previous Presidents	The Trump administration declared the opioid crisis a public health emergency, focusing on tightening border controls to stop the flow of illegal drugs, supporting law enforcement measures, and promoting public awareness campaigns.		Obama’s administration focused on expanding access to treatment, increasing the availability of medication-assisted treatment (MAT), and reducing the stigma associated with drug dependence. Efforts included policy reforms that aimed to expand Medicaid coverage for addiction services.
  Identify the Allocations of Financial and Other Resources That the Current and Two Previous Presidents Dedicated to This Issue	Trump’s administration allocated significant funding towards combating the opioid crisis, including a $1 billion grant for states to enhance opioid addiction treatment services and support programs.		The Obama administration supported the allocation of increased federal funds to expand treatment facilities and services, including a notable push for Medicaid expansion to cover more individuals needing addiction treatment.
  Explain How Each of the Presidential Administrations Approached the Issue	Trump’s approach was multifaceted, with a strong emphasis on enforcement and prevention. This included increasing funds for law enforcement to tackle the supply chain of illicit drugs and initiating high-profile advertising campaigns to educate the public about the dangers of opioid misuse.		Obama’s strategy was heavily focused on healthcare integration and public health responses, advocating for broader healthcare access to address addiction as a public health issue rather than a criminal issue. His policies promoted the integration of addiction treatment into primary healthcare settings, aiming to normalise and destigmatise treatment.

  Which administrative agency (like HHS, CDC, FDA, OSHA) would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected, and why is this agency the most helpful for the issue?

  PART 2: AGENDA COMPARISON GRID ANALYSIS

  • Determine which agency (e.g., HHS, CDC) would most effectively address the issue.
  • Justify your choice with reasons why this agency is best suited for the task.

  How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the presidential agenda? How does it stay there?

  • Discuss how the health issue might gain prominence on the presidential agenda.
  • Explain how continuous advocacy and public support help maintain its importance.

  An entrepreneur/champion/sponsor helps to move the issue forward. Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/champion/sponsor (this can be a celebrity, a legislator, an agency director, or others) of the healthcare issue you selected, and why would this person be a good entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor? An example is Michael J. Fox, who is a champion for Parkinson’s disease.

  • Choose a prominent figure (e.g., a legislator or celebrity) to champion the issue.
  • Justify NURS-6050N-27 1-2 Agenda Comparison Grid And Fact Sheet your selection by explaining their influence and relevance to the issue.

  Example

  Administration (President Name)	President Trump	President Obama
  Which Administrative Agency Would Most Likely Be Responsible for Helping You Address the Healthcare Issue You Selected?	The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), specifically through the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), would be pivotal. SAMHSA has a direct mandate to reduce the impact of substance abuse and mental illness in America, making it highly relevant for addressing the opioid crisis.	Under President Obama, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) would be instrumental. The CDC has a strong focus on public health prevention measures, which aligns well with Obama’s approach to increasing access to prevention and treatment services for opioid addiction.
  How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on President Trump’s agenda? How does it stay there?	The opioid crisis gained national prominence due to the dramatic increase in overdose deaths. Under President Trump, it remained on the agenda through continuous media coverage and public outcry, necessitating federal action. Persistent advocacy by public health officials and affected communities kept the momentum.	The issue made it to the agenda primarily through the escalating public health data showing increased opioid misuse and deaths. It stayed there due to ongoing advocacy by health professionals and bipartisan support for addressing this growing epidemic.
  Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you selected for President Trump?	To effectively champion the opioid crisis under President Trump, someone like Dr. Jerome Adams, who served as the U.S. Surgeon General, would be ideal. His medical expertise and focus on substance misuse and community health initiatives make him a credible and authoritative figure in this domain.	A prominent figure like Patrick Kennedy, former U.S. Representative and lead sponsor of the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act, would be a powerful advocate. His personal experience with addiction and his advocacy work make him a passionate and effective spokesperson for comprehensive addiction treatment reforms.

  Summarise why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation.

  PART 3: FACT SHEET Summarize the Importance of the Healthcare Issues

  • Highlight why the issue is critical and merits legislative attention.
  • Include key statistics and impacts on public health.

  Example

  Opioid addiction is a critical public health crisis that claims thousands of lives each year through overdose. Beyond mortality, it burdens the healthcare system, impacts public safety, and disrupts communities and economic productivity. Effective legislative action is crucial to curb this epidemic by enhancing access to treatment, expanding education on drug misuse, and supporting recovery initiatives.

  Presidential Approaches

• President Obama: Launched initiatives to increase access to medication-assisted treatment and broaden Medicaid coverage, emphasising healthcare system integration to tackle opioid addiction.
• President Trump declared it a public health emergency, increased state funding, and focused on strict enforcement and prevention efforts.

• Resource Allocation

  Both administrations allocated substantial federal resources, yet continuous adaptation and increased funding are essential to respond effectively to evolving challenges related to opioid addiction.

  Justify the role of the nurse in agenda-setting for healthcare issues.

  Justify the Role of Nurses in Agenda-Setting

  • Emphasise the unique insights and advocacy roles nurses play.
  • Provide examples of how nurses contribute to effective policy-making.

  Role of Nurses in Agenda Setting

  Nurses are pivotal in the opioid crisis from prevention to recovery:

  • Expertise in Care: Nurses offer firsthand insights into the effectiveness of treatment programs and patient needs, which are crucial for shaping responsive health policies.
  • Patient Advocacy: As advocates, nurses ensure health policies prioritise patient well-being and accessibility of care, particularly in underserved populations.
  • Education Leaders: Nurses lead the education of communities and patients about opioid risks, significantly contributing to prevention efforts.

  Justification for Legislative Inclusion

  Incorporating this issue into legislative agendas is essential for a coordinated national response. Nurses witnessing the front-line impact of opioid addiction should be integral to policy discussions to ensure comprehensive, effective, and humane solutions are implemented.

  Call to Action

  • Urge policymakers to prioritise the health issue and collaborate with nursing professionals.
  • Suggest concrete steps or actions for immediate consideration.

  Legislators must prioritise opioid addiction in their agendas and collaborate with nursing professionals who provide critical insights into effective policy-making. This partnership is vital to developing policies that address both the symptoms and root causes of opioid addiction, ultimately leading to improved national health outcomes and reduced healthcare costs.

  REFERENCES 

  Gottschalk, M. (2023). The Opioid Crisis: The War on Drugs Is Over. Long Live the War on Drugs. Annual Review of Criminology, 6(1), 363–398. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-030421-040140

  Trump Administration Takes Steps to Expand Access to Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder | CMS. (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2024, from https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/press-releases/trump-administration-takes-steps-expand-access-treatment-opioid-use-disorder

  CLOSING

  Following NURS-6050N-27 1-2 Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet guidelines, you can effectively complete the Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet assignment, demonstrating a thorough understanding of healthcare policies and their implications. This NURS-6050N-27 2-1 Discussion Politics And The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act assignment highlights the vital role of nurses in shaping health policies, advocating for patient needs, and contributing to legislative processes. In the next module of NURS-6050, we will explore 2-1 Discussion: Politics And The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.

  NURS-6050N-27 2-1 Discussion Politics and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

  Instructions of NURS-6050N-27 2-1 Discussion: Politics and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

  POLITICS AND THE PATIENT PROTECTION AND AFFORDABLE CARE ACT

  Regardless of political affiliation, individuals often grow concerned when considering perceived competing interests of government and their impact on topics of interest to them. The realm of healthcare is no different. Some people feel that local, state, and federal policies and legislation can be either helped or hindered by interests other than the benefit to society.

  Consider for example, that the number one job of a legislator is to be reelected. Cost can be measured in votes as well as dollars. Thus, it is important to consider the legislator’s perspective on either promoting or not promoting a certain initiative in the political landscape.

  RESOURCES

  Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
  Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. 

  WEEKLY RESOURCES

  To Prepare:

  • Review the Resources and reflect on efforts to repeal/replace the Affordable Care Act (ACA).
  • Consider who benefits the most when policy is developed and in the context of policy implementation.

  BY DAY 3 OF WEEK 3

  Post an explanation for how you think the cost-benefit analysis in terms of legislators being reelected affected efforts to repeal/replace the ACA. Then, explain how analyses of the voters' views may affect decisions by legislative leaders in recommending or positioning national policies (e.g., Congress’s decisions impacting Medicare or Medicaid). Remember, the number one job of a legislator is to be re-elected. Please check your discussion grading rubric to ensure your responses meet the criteria.

  BY DAY 6 OF WEEK 3

  Respond to at least two of your colleagues* on two different days by expanding on their explanation and providing an example that supports their explanation or respectfully challenging their explanation and providing an example.

  *Note: Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues

  INTRODUCTION TO NURS-6050N-27 2-1 Discussion Politics and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

  This Owlisdom, NURS-6050N-27N-27 2-1 Discussion assignment involves writing a discussion post about how legislators’ focus on reelection influences their decisions on healthcare policies, specifically the efforts to repeal or replace the Affordable Care Act (ACA). You will explore the cost-benefit analysis from the perspective of legislators, the impact of voter views on legislative decisions, and how these factors shape national healthcare policies. Additionally, you will respond to your classmates’ posts by expanding on their explanations or providing alternative perspectives.

  Explain how you think the cost-benefit analysis in terms of legislators being reelected affected efforts to repeal/replace the ACA.

  ANALYZING THE COST-BENEFIT FOR LEGISLATORS

  • Discuss the strategic decision-making process of legislators considering reelection.
  • Provide examples of how the promise to repeal or support the ACA was used in campaigns.
  • Analyze how the public perception of the ACA influenced legislators’ decisions.

  Example

  The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), commonly known as Obamacare, presents a fascinating case study in how the political motivations of legislators, particularly their focus on reelection, influence policy decisions, especially in the contentious arena of healthcare reform.

  Legislators’ primary goal of reelection often shapes their approach to significant policy shifts like those proposed for the ACA. For many, supporting or opposing the ACA was not merely a matter of policy preference but a strategic decision weighed against the potential cost in votes. For Republicans, efforts to repeal and replace the ACA were driven by a core constituency that viewed the ACA unfavorably, seeing it as an overreach of government authority and a burden on the economy (Bronsther & Krishnamurthi, 2022). The promise to dismantle the ACA became a pivotal campaign pledge for many, particularly during the 2016 elections. Consequently, the repeated attempts to repeal the ACA under the Trump administration were not merely legislative actions but a fulfillment of campaign promises intended to secure voter support for future elections.

  The cost-benefit analysis, however, for legislators did not always sway towards repeal. As the ACA embedded itself into the fabric of American healthcare, providing tangible benefits like coverage for pre-existing conditions and allowing young adults to stay on their parents’ insurance until age 26, public opinion began to shift more favorably towards the ACA. Many legislators found themselves balancing the immediate benefits their constituents were receiving against the ideological and party-driven goal of overturning the legislation. The conflict was evident in instances where Republican senators from states that benefited significantly from the ACA’s Medicaid expansion hesitated or voted against repeal efforts.

  Then, explain how analyses of the voters’ views may affect decisions by legislative leaders in recommending or positioning national policies (e.g., Congress’s decisions impacting Medicare or Medicaid). Remember, the number one job of a legislator is to be re-elected.

  IMPACT OF VOTER VIEWS ON LEGISLATIVE DECISIONS

  • Analyze the importance of understanding voter demographics and opinions.
  • Discuss how legislators adjust their positions based on voter views and needs.
  • Provide examples of how voters' views impacted decisions on Medicare or Medicaid.

  Example

  Analyzing voter views becomes crucial in this context. Legislators must continuously gauge how their actions will align with the needs and opinions of their constituents. For example, decisions affecting Medicare and Medicaid are deeply influenced by the demographics of a legislator’s district (Rocco et al., 2020). In districts with a high proportion of elderly or low-income voters who rely heavily on these programs, strong support for policies that protect or expand Medicare and Medicaid could be a decisive factor for reelection. Conversely, in more affluent or younger districts, the focus might shift towards policies that promote healthcare savings accounts or private healthcare options.

  REFERENCES

   Brother, J., & Krishnamurthi, G. (2022). Optional Legislation. Minn. L. Rev., 107, 297.

  Rocco, P., Keller, A. C., & Kelly, A. S. (2020). State Politics And The Uneven Fate Of Medicaid Expansion: An Examination of mechanisms that affected Medicaid expansion, including Electoral Competition, ballot-box initiatives, interest-group coalitions, and Entrepreneurial Administrators. Health Affairs, 39(3), 494–501. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2019.01414

  Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days by expanding on their response and providing an example that supports their explanation or respectfully challenging their explanation and providing an example.

  RESPONSES

  • Respond NURS-6050N-27N-27 2-1 Discussion with at least two classmates on different days.
  • Justify your responses with examples, research, and reasoning.

  Example

  Hello Sasha,

  In terms of the political incentives underlying attempts to dismantle the Affordable Care Act, I agree with your view. The fact that lawmakers may be motivated to prioritize short-term political advantages above long-term policy benefits due to the fear of losing their base is an essential factor to consider. A representative illustration of this is the pivotal vote that Senator John McCain cast in 2017 against the repeal of the Affordable Care Act. McCain broke ranks with his party, despite the fact that he is a Republican, because he was concerned about the effect that the repeal would have on his people, especially those who would benefit from the Medicaid expansion that the Affordable Care Act (ACA) provided in Arizona. By highlighting how the perceived cost in votes owing to bad policy outcomes may sometimes outweigh party allegiance and election-driven goals, this act demonstrates how this phenomenon might occur.

  Hi Gerry,

  You have made an excellent argument regarding the tension that exists between the demands of the party and the advantages of the constituents. The consequences of this dynamic were readily apparent in places such as Ohio, where Republican Governor John Kasich backed the expansion of Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act. The choice made by Kasich was predicated on the immediate health advantages that would be provided to the inhabitants of his state, which would result in lower rates of uninsured individuals and improved health outcomes. Even though Kasich’s move was received with criticism from inside his own party, it is quite probable that it helped him strengthen his popularity among moderate voters. This demonstrates that people’s requirements may occasionally transcend party boundaries and affect policy choices. The intricacy of healthcare policy is shown by this example, which demonstrates that political costs and benefits must be evaluated against the real health and welfare of constituents prior to making any decisions.

  CLOSING

  By following NURS-6050N-27 2-1 Discussion guidelines, students can effectively complete the discussion assignment, demonstrate a thorough understanding of the political dynamics behind healthcare policy decisions, and contribute meaningfully to the class dialogue. In the next module of NURS-6050N-27 2-2, we will explore LEGISLATION GRID AND TESTIMONY: ADVOCACY STATEMENT.

  NURS-6050N-27 2-2 Legislation Grid and Testimony: Advocacy Statement

  Instructions of NURS-6050N-27 2-2 Legislation Grid and Testimony: Advocacy Statement

  LEGISLATION GRID AND TESTIMONY/ADVOCACY STATEMENT

  As a nurse, how often have you thought to yourself, If I had anything to do with it, things would work a little differently? Increasingly, nurses are beginning to realize that they do, in fact, have a role and a voice.

  Many nurses encounter daily experiences that motivate them to take on an advocacy role in hopes of impacting policies, laws, or regulations that impact healthcare issues of interest. Of course, doing so means entering the less familiar world of policy and politics. While many nurses do not initially feel prepared to operate in this space effectively, the reward is the opportunity to shape and influence future health policy.

  RESOURCES

  Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
  Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. 

  WEEKLY RESOURCES

  To Prepare:

  • Select a bill that has been proposed (not one that has been enacted) using the congressional websites provided in the Learning Resources.

  The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Legislation Grid; 1-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement)

  Be sure to add a title page, an introduction, purpose statement, and a conclusion. This is an APA paper.

  Part 1: Legislation Grid

  Based on the health-related bill (proposed, not enacted) you selected, complete the Legislation Grid Template. Be sure to address the following:

  • Determine the legislative intent of the bill you have reviewed.
  • Identify the proponents/opponents of the bill.
  • Identify the target populations addressed by the bill.
  • Where in the process is the bill currently? Is it in hearings or committees?

  Part 2: Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement

  Based on the health-related bill you selected, develop a 1-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement that addresses the following:

  • Advocate a position for the bill you selected and write testimony in support of your position.
  • Explain how the social determinants of income, age, education, or gender affect this legislation.
  • Describe how you would address the opponent to your position. Be specific and provide examples.
  • At least 2 outside resources and 2-3 course-specific resources are used.

  BY DAY 7 OF WEEK 4

  Submit your completed legislation grid and testimony/advocacy statement.

  INTRODUCTION TO NURS-6050N-27 2-2 Legislation Grid and Testimony: Advocacy Statement

  This assignment involves selecting a proposed health-related bill, completing a legislation grid, and developing a testimony/advocacy statement to support your position on the bill. The goal is to enhance your understanding of the legislative process and to build your advocacy skills. This Owlisdom, NURS-6050N-27 2-2 Legislation Grid And Testimony: Advocacy Statement guide will provide step-by-step instructions on completing each part of the assignment effectively and professionally.

  Complete the Legislation Grid Template

  PART 1: LEGISLATION GRID

  • Health-related Bill Name: Write the full name of the bill.

  Comprehensive Addiction Resources Emergency (CARE) Act

  • Bill Number: Provide the official bill number.

  H.R.2569

  • Description: Summarize the main objectives and provisions of the bill.

  The CARE Act proposes a comprehensive federal response to the opioid crisis by expanding access to health services, supporting recovery through community resources, and funding research and education initiatives.

  • Federal or State: Indicate whether the bill is federal or state-level.

  Federal

  • Legislative Intent: Explain the primary goals and purposes of the bill.

  The CARE Act intends to significantly reduce the rates of opioid addiction and related deaths by providing substantial federal funding and support for addiction treatment and recovery services across the United States (Takvorian et al., 2020).

  • Proponents/Opponents:
  • Proponents: List the individuals or groups who support the bill.

  Proponents: Public health organisations, addiction recovery advocates, and many Democrats support this bill, arguing it will save lives and improve public health.

  • Opponents: List the individuals or groups who oppose the bill.

  Opponents: Some Republicans and fiscal conservatives oppose the bill due to concerns over the high costs of the proposed funding and potential for government overreach.

  • Target Population: Identify the groups or populations that the bill aims to help.

  Individuals and communities affected by opioid addiction, including vulnerable populations in high-risk areas.

  • Status of the Bill: State where the bill currently stands in the legislative process (e.g., in hearings committees).

  The bill is currently under review by several committees, including the Health Subcommittee, awaiting further discussion and potential movement to the floor for a vote.

  • General Notes/Comments: Add any additional relevant information or observations about the bill.

  This bill responds to the growing demand for a more robust and coordinated federal effort to tackle the opioid crisis, emphasising prevention, treatment, and recovery support.

  Advocate a position for the bill you selected and write testimony in support of your position.

  PART 2: LEGISLATION TESTIMONY/ADVOCACY STATEMENT

  Advocate a Position

  • Provide a detailed argument supporting the bill.
  • Use evidence and examples from your professional experience to bolster your position.

  My name is [Your Name], and I am a registered nurse with over [X] years of experience working directly with individuals struggling with opioid addiction. Today, I am here to strongly advocate for the passage of the CARE Act, a critical piece of legislation that promises to transform our approach to the opioid crisis—a crisis that continues to devastate communities across our nation.

  The CARE Act is not just another policy; it is a lifeline for millions. The bill’s comprehensive approach to expanding access to health services and supporting recovery is crucial (Fulmer et al., 2021). As a healthcare provider, I have witnessed firsthand the struggles of those battling addiction and the heartbreak of families who feel helpless as they watch their loved ones suffer. The bill gives us the tools to fight back more effectively.

  Explain how the social determinants of income, age, education, or gender affect this legislation.

  Impact of Social Determinants

  • Explain how factors such as income, age, education, or gender affect the issue addressed by the bill.
  • Provide specific examples to illustrate these impacts.

  The social determinants of health—such as income, education, and age—profoundly influence an individual’s risk for opioid addiction. Lower-income communities often lack access to basic healthcare services, let alone addiction treatment and recovery programs. By providing federal support and resources, the CARE Act addresses these disparities head-on, ensuring that all Americans, regardless of their socioeconomic status or educational background, have access to the care they need (Rahman Amin, 2021).

  Describe how you would address the opponent to your position. Be specific and provide examples.

  ADDRESSING OPPONENTS

  • Acknowledge the concerns of those who oppose the bill.
  • Provide counterarguments and examples to address and refute these concerns.

  Example

  To those who oppose the bill due to concerns about costs, I urge you to consider the economic impact of opioid addiction on our healthcare system and workforce. Investing in prevention and treatment now will save countless lives and reduce the long-term financial burden on our economy.

  CONCLUSION

  • Summarise the key points of your advocacy statement.
  • Make a final appeal to support the bill.

  In conclusion, the CARE Act represents a bold step forward in our fight against the opioid epidemic. As a nurse, I believe it is our duty to support policies that promote comprehensive care and provide opportunities for recovery. I implore you to pass this bill and help turn the tide on this crisis.

  REFERENCES

  Fulmer, T., Reuben, D. B., Auerbach, J., Fick, D. M., Galambos, C., & Johnson, K. S. (2021). Actualizing Better Health And Health Care For Older Adults: Commentary describes six vital directions to improve the care and quality of life for all older Americans. Health Affairs, 40(2), 219–225.

  Rahman Amin, A. (2021). Redefining Healthcare To Address Racial Health Disparities & Inequities. Mitchell Hamline LJ Pub. Pol’y & Prac., 42, 1.

  Takvorian, S. U., Oganisian, A., Mamtani, R., Mitra, N., Shulman, L. N., Bekelman, J. E., & Werner, R. M. (2020). Association of Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act with insurance status, cancer stage, and timely treatment among patients with breast, colon, and lung cancer. JAMA Network Open, 3(2), e1921653–e1921653.

  CLOSING

  By following NURS-6050N-27 2-2 Legislation Grid And Testimony: Advocacy Statement guidelines, you can effectively complete the Legislation Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement assignment. This exercise not only helps you understand the legislative process but also empowers you to become an effective advocate for health policies that improve patient outcomes. In the next module ofNURS-6050N, we will explore 3-1 DISCUSSION.

  NURS-6050N-27 3-1 Discussion Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations

  
  

  Instructions of NURS-6050N-27 3-1 Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations

  PROFESSIONAL NURSING AND STATE-LEVEL REGULATIONS

  Boards of Nursing (BONs) exist in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands. Similar entities may also exist for different regions. The mission of BONs is the protection of the public through the regulation of nursing practice. BONs put into practice state/region regulations for nurses that, among other things, lay out the requirements for licensure and define the scope of nursing practice in that state/region.

  It can be a valuable exercise to compare regulations among various state/regional boards of nursing. Doing so can help share insights that could be useful should there be future changes in a state/region. In addition, nurses may find the need to be licensed in multiple states or regions.

  RESOURCES

  Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
  Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. 

  WEEKLY RESOURCES

  To Prepare:

  • Review the Resources and reflect on the mission of state/regional boards of nursing as the protection of the public through the regulation of nursing practice.
  • Consider how key regulations may impact nursing practice.
  • Review key regulations for nursing practice of your state’s/region’s board of nursing and those of at least one other state/region, and select at least two APRN regulations to focus on for this Discussion.

  BY DAY 3 OF WEEK 5

  Post a comparison of at least two APRN board of nursing regulations in your state/region with those of at least one other state/region. Describe how they may differ. Be specific and provide examples. Then, explain how the regulations you selected may apply to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) who have legal authority to practice within the full scope of their education and experience. Provide at least one example of how APRNs may adhere to the two regulations you selected.

  BY DAY 6 OF WEEK 5

  Respond to at least two of your colleagues* on two different days and explain how the regulatory environment and the regulations selected by your colleague differ from your state/region. Be specific and provide examples.

  INTRODUCTION TO NURS-6050N-27 3-1 Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations

  This NURS-6050N-27 3-1 Discussion assignment involves writing a discussion post comparing Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) regulations between your state/region and at least one other state/region. The Owlisdom goal is to understand how these regulations impact nursing practice and to analyse the legal authority of APRNs. You will explore the differences in licensure requirements, prescriptive authority, and practice autonomy. Additionally, you will respond to your classmates’ posts by expanding on their explanations or providing alternative perspectives.

  Post a comparison of at least two APRN boards of nursing regulations in your state/region with those of at least one other state/region. Describe how they may differ. Be specific and provide examples.

  COMPARING APRN REGULATIONS

  • Identify the two states/regions for comparison.
  • Describe the licensure requirements and prescriptive authority in each state/region.
  • Highlight the key differences with specific examples.

  Example

  I will compare regulations of the e Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs between California and Texas, focusing on licensure requirements and prescriptive authority, which are critical aspects affecting the scope of APRN practice.

  In California, APRNs are required to have a registered nurse (RN) license, complete a graduate degree from an accredited APRN program, and pass a national certification exam. California does not require APRNs to be supervised by a physician for most practice settings (Winter et al., 2021). However, for prescriptive authority, they must have a “furnishing” license and a collaborative agreement with a supervising physician when prescribing controlled substances.

  In contrast, Texas has similar educational and examination requirements for APRNs but differs significantly in terms of prescriptive authority and practice independence. Texas APRNs must have a delegated prescriptive authority agreement with a supervising physician. It includes detailed protocols that outline the types of medications APRNs are allowed to prescribe, and there are specific site-based restrictions, particularly for controlled substances (Phillips, 2021). Furthermore, Texas requires APRNs to have a career-long supervisory relationship with a physician, which is more restrictive compared to California’s model.

  Explain how the regulations you selected may apply to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) who have the legal authority to practice within the full scope of their education and experience. Provide at least one example of how APRNs may adhere to the two regulations you selected.

  APPLICATION OF REGULATIONS TO APRN PRACTICE

  • Discuss how the regulations impact APRN practice in each state/region.
  • Provide examples of how APRNs adhere to these regulations in practical settings.

  Example

  These differences highlight variations in how APRNs can practice across states. In California, APRNs enjoy a greater degree of independence, especially in non-controlled substance prescribing, which can lead to more autonomous practice settings and potentially quicker patient care. Texas, however, imposes more stringent controls, which can limit APRN autonomy but may enhance collaborative care models and potentially increase oversight in medication management.

  An example of how APRNs adhere to these regulations can be seen in a Texas APRN who follows a detailed protocol agreement for prescribing diabetes medications in a primary care setting. This APRN must regularly consult with the supervising physician, maintain logs of prescriptions, and ensure all actions are within the agreed protocol. In California, an APRN in a similar setting might independently initiate treatment plans and prescribe medications for diabetes without needing a physician’s approval for each action, provided they have the appropriate furnishing license and are not prescribing controlled substances.

  Understanding these regulatory differences is crucial for APRNs who may practice in multiple states. It ensures that they operate within legal bounds and maintain high standards of patient care that reflect regional norms and regulations.

  REFERENCES

   Phillips, S. J. (2021). 33rd annual APRN legislative update: Unprecedented changes to APRN practice authority in unprecedented times. The Nurse Practitioner, 46(1), 27–55.

  Winter, S., Chapman, S. A., Chan, G. K., Duderstadt, K., & Spetz, J. (2021). Nurse Practitioner Role and Practice Environment in Primary and in Nonprimary Care in California. Medical Care Research and Review, 78(6), 780–788. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077558720942706

  RESPONSES

  Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days by expanding on their response and providing an example that supports their explanation or respectfully challenging their explanation and providing an example.

  • Respond to at least two classmates on different days.
  • Justify your responses with examples, research, and reasoning.

  Example

  Hello Roshelle,

  Comparing Florida’s APRN regulations to those in Texas reveals a notable contrast in terms of practice autonomy and prescriptive authority. While Texas requires APRNs to maintain a career-long supervisory relationship with a physician, Florida offers a path towards complete autonomy. The regulatory environment in Florida could potentially expedite healthcare delivery, as APRNs can operate independently, reducing wait times and improving accessibility in underserved regions. For instance, in rural areas where physicians are scarce, Florida APRNs can independently manage chronic conditions like diabetes or hypertension, a practice that would require physician delegation in Texas. The difference underscores the impact state regulations have on healthcare delivery, particularly in how swiftly APRNs can respond to community health needs without awaiting physician oversight.

  Hi Gerry,

  New York’s requirement for APRNs to complete 3,600 hours of collaborative practice before achieving autonomy contrasts sharply with California’s approach, where no such time-bound collaborative requirement exists for most practice settings. The difference highlights varying state perspectives on the role of experience and mentorship in ensuring patient safety and practitioner readiness. For example, a California APRN might start an independent clinic and manage patient care directly after obtaining licensure and a furnishing license, offering services like family planning and routine chronic disease management without mandatory physician oversight. In contrast, a New York APRN would initially need to navigate these clinical scenarios under the guidance of a physician, possibly limiting their ability to swiftly implement innovative care models or expand services in community-based settings. It illustrates how state-specific regulations can influence the scale and speed at which APRNs can expand their practice and adapt to local health care demands.

  CLOSING

  By following these NURS-6050N-27 3-1 Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations guidelines, students can effectively complete the discussion assignment, demonstrating a thorough understanding of state/regional APRN regulations and their impact on nursing practice. This process will enable students to critically analyze regulatory differences and propose well-reasoned strategies for enhancing APRN practice within various legal frameworks. In the next module of NURS-6050N-27, we will explore 3-2 PRESENTATION.

  NURS-6050N-27 3-2 Presentation Regulation For Nursing Practice Staff Development Meeting

  
  

  Instructions of NURS-6050N-27 3-2

  REGULATION FOR NURSING PRACTICE STAFF DEVELOPMENT MEETING

  Nursing is a very highly regulated profession. There are over 100 boards of nursing and national nursing associations throughout the United States and its territories. Their existence helps regulate, inform, and promote the nursing profession. With such numbers, it can be difficult to distinguish between BONs and nursing associations, and overwhelming to consider various benefits and options offered by each.

  Both boards of nursing and national nursing associations have significant impacts on the nurse practitioner profession and scope of practice. Understanding these differences helps lend credence to your expertise as a professional. In this Assignment, you will practice the application of such expertise by communicating a comparison of boards of nursing and professional nurse associations. You will also share an analysis of your state board of nursing.

  RESOURCES

  Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
  Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. 

  WEEKLY RESOURCES

  To Prepare:

  • Assume that you are leading a staff development meeting on regulation for nursing practice at your healthcare organization or agency.
  • Review the NCSBN and ANA websites to prepare for your presentation.

  The Assignment: (8- to 9-slide PowerPoint presentation)

  Develop an 8- to 9-slide PowerPoint Presentation that addresses the following:

  • Describe the differences between a board of nursing and a professional nurse association.
  • Describe the board for your specific region/area.
    • Who is on the board?
    • How does one become a member of the board?
  • Describe at least one state regulation related to the general nurse scope of practice.
    • How does this regulation influence the nurse’s role?
    • How does this regulation influence delivery, cost, and access to healthcare?
    • If a patient is from another culture, how would this regulation impact the nurse’s care/education?
  • Describe at least one state regulation related to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs).
    • How does this regulation influence the nurse’s role?
    • How does this regulation influence delivery, cost, and access to healthcare?
  • Has there been any change to the regulation within the past 5 years? Explain.
  • Include Speaker Notes on Each Slide (except on the title page and reference page)

  BY DAY 7 OF WEEK 6

  Submit your Regulation for Nursing Practice Staff Development Meeting Presentation.

  INTRODUCTION TO NURS-6050N-27 3-2 Presentation Regulation For Nursing Practice Staff Development Meeting

  This NURS-6050N-27 3-2 Presentation Regulation For Nursing Practice Staff Development Meeting assignment involves making a presentation to prepare for a staff development meeting on nursing practice regulation. You will compare Boards of Nursing (BONs) with professional nursing associations, describe your state board of nursing, and analyze state regulations related to general and advanced nursing practice. The Owlisdom guide aims to enhance understanding of the regulatory environment and its impact on nursing roles and healthcare delivery.

  TITLE SLIDE

  • Give the title to the presentation.
  • Write your name and date of submission.

  Slide 1: Title Slide

• Title: Regulation for Nursing Practice Staff Development Meeting
• Presenter Name: [Your Name]
• Date: [Presentation Date]

• INTRODUCTION TO NURSING REGULATION

  • Briefly describe the purpose of the staff development meeting.
  • Highlight the significance of understanding BONs and professional nursing associations.

  Slide 2: Introduction to Nursing Regulation

• Purpose of Nursing Regulation: Protect public health, safety, and welfare.
• Role of Regulatory Bodies: Ensure standards of nursing practice and education.
• Importance of Understanding Regulation: Enhances professionalism, guides ethical practice, and informs clinical decisions.

• Describe the differences between a board of nursing and a professional nurse association.

  BOARDS OF NURSING VS. PROFESSIONAL NURSING ASSOCIATIONS

  • Define BONs and their primary functions.
  • Define nursing associations and their roles.
  • Highlight critical differences with examples.

  Slide 3: Boards of Nursing (BONs) vs. Professional Nursing Associations

• Boards of Nursing (BONs): State governmental agencies that regulate nurses focus on licensure, discipline, and practice standards.
• Professional Nursing Associations: Non-profit organizations that advocate for nurses’ rights, provide educational resources, and promote professional networking.
• Key Differences: Mandatory vs. voluntary membership; regulatory/enforcement power vs. advocacy and support functions.

• Describe the board for your specific region/area. Who is on the board? How does one become a member of the board?

  OVERVIEW OF YOUR STATE BOARD OF NURSING

  • Describe the composition of your state BON.
  • Explain how individuals become members of the board.
  • Outline the board’s primary functions.

  Slide 4: Overview of California Board of Nursing

• Board Composition: Includes nine members—4 RNs, 2 APRNs, and three public members.
• Membership: Appointed by the Governor, confirmed by the Senate, serve four-year terms.
• Function: Regulates RNs and APRNs, issues licenses, oversees education, and handles discipline.

• Describe at least one state regulation related to the general nurse’s scope of practice. How does this regulation influence the nurse’s role? How does this regulation influence delivery, cost, and access to healthcare? If a patient is from another culture, how would this regulation impact the nurse’s care/education?

  GENERAL NURSE SCOPE OF PRACTICE REGULATION

  • Identify and describe the regulation.
  • Explain its impact on nurses’ roles.
  • Discuss its influence on healthcare delivery, cost, and access.
  • Address cultural considerations.
  • Describe the importance of cultural competence in nursing.
  • Provide examples of how regulations support culturally competent care.

  Slide 5: General Nurse Scope of Practice Regulation

• State Regulation Overview: Defines the range of services that registered nurses are legally allowed to perform.
• Impact on Nurses’ Role: Sets legal boundaries, which help in maintaining patient safety and professional accountability.
• Effects on Healthcare: Directly influences the quality, availability, and efficiency of healthcare services.

• Slide 6: Cultural Considerations in Nursing Practice

• Cultural Impact of Regulation: Ensures culturally competent care is integrated into practice standards.
• Cultural Competence: Essential for effectively meeting the diverse needs of the patient population.
• Examples: Tailoring patient education and care plans to accommodate cultural beliefs and practices.

• Describe at least one state regulation related to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs). How does this regulation influence the nurse’s role? How does this regulation influence delivery, cost, and access to healthcare?

  REGULATION IMPACTING APRNS

  • Identify and describe the regulation.
  • Explain its impact on APRNs’ roles.
  • Discuss its influence on healthcare delivery, cost, and access.

  Slide 7: Regulation Impacting APRNs

• Specific APRN Regulation: Often includes requirements for additional certification, scope of practice limits, and collaborative agreements.
• Role Influence: Defines APRN roles such as Nurse Practitioners, Clinical Nurse Specialists, ensuring an appropriate level of practice autonomy.
• Healthcare Delivery Impact: Expands access to healthcare, particularly in underserved areas, potentially reducing overall healthcare costs.

• Has there been any change to the regulation within the past five years? Explain.

  CHANGES IN REGULATIONS OVER THE PAST 5 YEARS

  • Identify recent regulatory changes.
  • Explain the reasons for these changes.
  • Discuss the impact on nursing practice.

  Slide 8: Changes in Regulations Over the Past 5 Years

• Recent Changes: Examples include updates in prescriptive authority, expansion of practice settings, or adjustments in educational requirements.
• Rationale for Changes: Often due to evolving healthcare needs, technological advances, or professional advocacy.
• Impact of Changes: Enhances the scope and quality of nursing care, adapts to current health care challenges and opportunities.

• DISCUSSION

  • Highlight the benefits of compliance.
  • Open the floor for questions and further discussion.

  Slide 9: Discussion

• Importance of Compliance: Highlights the necessity of adhering to regulations to ensure safe and effective nursing practice.
• Open Floor for Questions: Encourages audience participation to discuss specific concerns or seek clarification on discussed topics.

• REFERENCES

  Downie, J. (2020). Advocacy and empowerment in community practice. In Community Nursing Practice (pp. 358–372). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003115229-23/advocacy-empowerment-community-practice-jill-downie

  Giddens, J., Douglas, J. P., & Conroy, S. (2022). The revised AACN essentials: Implications for nursing regulation. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 12(4), 16–22.

  Smiley, R. A., Ruttinger, C., Oliveira, C. M., Hudson, L. R., Allgeyer, R., Reneau, K. A., Silvestre, J. H., & Alexander, M. (2021). The 2020 national nursing workforce survey. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 12(1), S1–S96.

  Young, S., & Guo, K. L. (2020). Cultural diversity training: The necessity of cultural competence for health care providers and in nursing practice. The Health Care Manager, 39(2), 100–108.

  CLOSING

  By following these NURS-6050N-27 3-2 Presentation Regulation For Nursing Practice Staff Development Meeting guidelines, you can effectively prepare and deliver a staff development meeting on nursing regulations. This process will enhance your team’s understanding of regulatory frameworks, promote compliance, and improve the quality of nursing care in your organization. In the next module of NURS-6050N-27, we will explore the 4-1 DISCUSSION.

  NURS-6050N-27 4-1 Discussion: Evidence-Based in Design

  
  

  Instructions of NURS-6050N-27 4-1 Discussion Evidence-Based in Design

  EVIDENCE-BASED DESIGN

  When politics and medical science intersect, there can be much debate. Sometimes anecdotes or hearsay are misused as evidence to support a particular point. Despite these and other challenges, however, evidence-based approaches are increasingly used to inform health policy decision-making regarding causes of disease, intervention strategies, and issues impacting society. One example is the introduction of childhood vaccinations and the use of evidence-based arguments surrounding their safety.

  In this Discussion, you will identify a recently proposed health policy and share your analysis of the evidence in support of this policy.

  RESOURCES

  Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
  Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. 

  WEEKLY RESOURCES

  To Prepare:

  • Review the Congress website provided in the Resources and identify one recent (within the past 5 years) proposed health policy.
  • Review the health policy you identified and reflect on the background and development of this health policy.

  BY DAY 3 OF WEEK 7

  Post a description of the health policy you selected and a brief background for the problem or issue being addressed. Which social determinant most affects this policy? Explain whether you believe there is evidence to support the proposed policy and explain why. Be specific and provide examples.

  BY DAY 6 OF WEEK 7

  Respond to at least two of your colleagues* on two different days by either supporting or respectfully challenging their explanation on whether there is evidence to support the proposed health policy they described.

  INTRODUCTION TO NURS-6050N-27 4-1 DISCUSSION

  This NURS-6050N-27 4-1 Discussion Evidence Base In Design assignment involves writing a discussion post that prepares you for a staff development meeting on the intersection of politics and medical science, specifically focusing on evidence-based health policy. You will select a recent health policy, analyse the evidence supporting it, and discuss the social determinants affecting the policy. This Owlisdom exercise will enhance your understanding of how evidence-based approaches inform health policy decision-making.

  Post a description of the health policy you selected and a brief background for the problem or issue being addressed.

  SELECTING AND DESCRIBING RECENT HEALTH POLICY

  • Visit the Congress website or another reliable source to identify a recent health policy (within the past five years).
  • Choose a policy that interests you and is relevant to current healthcare issues.
  • Summarise the health policy, including its objectives and the issue it addresses.
  • Provide background information on the problem or issue being addressed by the policy.

  Example

  The health policy I selected is the “Improving Mental Health Access from the Emergency Department Act of 2021,” proposed in the United States Congress. The policy seeks to establish grants that would enable emergency departments (EDs) to develop and implement programs to improve patient access to follow-up mental health care (Holland et al., 2021). The initiative addresses the critical issue of emergency departments being frequently used as the first point of care for individuals experiencing acute mental health crises. Despite the urgent nature of these visits, EDs are often ill-equipped to provide comprehensive mental health care and lack the resources to ensure appropriate follow-up treatment, leading to a cycle of crisis and inadequate care.

  Which social determinant most affects this policy?

  IDENTIFYING THE SOCIAL DETERMINANT

  • Identify and describe the social determinant that most significantly impacts the health policy.
  • Explain how this social determinant relates to the policy and its objectives.

  Example

  A primary social determinant affecting this policy is healthcare access, specifically the availability of mental health services. Individuals often rely on emergency departments for mental health emergencies because they lack access to regular outpatient mental health care, which is less intensive and more cost-effective. Factors contributing to this include a shortage of mental health professionals, lack of insurance coverage, and the stigma associated with seeking mental health care.

  Explain whether you believe there is evidence to support the proposed policy and explain why. Be specific and provide examples.

  ANALYSE THE EVIDENCE BASE

  • Assess the support for the proposed policy.
  • Provide specific examples from research studies or reports that justify the policy.

  Example

  The evidence base for this policy is strong, drawing on numerous studies that illustrate the challenges and inefficiencies within the current model of mental health care provided in emergency settings. Research indicates that proper follow-up care after an initial mental health crisis can significantly reduce the probability of future crises and improve overall patient outcomes (Anderson et al., 2022). For example, a study by the American Psychiatric Association notes that patients receiving timely follow-up treatment after an ED visit for a psychiatric issue are less likely to require rehospitalisation. Furthermore, programs that integrate mental health care with emergency services have shown success; for instance, the implementation of specialised psychiatric emergency programs has demonstrated improved patient outcomes and reduced ED congestion. Thus, there is compelling evidence supporting the need for initiatives like those proposed in the “Improving Mental Health Access from the Emergency Department Act,” highlighting how targeted investments can enhance access to mental health services and potentially transform care delivery for individuals experiencing mental health crises.

  REFERENCES

  Anderson, K., Goldsmith, L. P., Lomani, J., Ali, Z., Clarke, G., Crowe, C., Jarman, H., Johnson, S., McDaid, D., & Pariza, P. (2022). Short-stay crisis units for mental health patients on crisis care pathways: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BJPsych Open, 8(4), e144.

  Holland, K. M., Jones, C., Vivolo-Kantor, A. M., Idaikkadar, N., Zwald, M., Hoots, B., Yard, E., D’Inverno, A., Swedo, E., & Chen, M. S. (2021). Trends in US emergency department visits for mental health, overdose, and violence outcomes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(4), 372–379.

  Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days by either supporting or respectfully challenging their explanation on whether there is evidence base to support the proposed health policy they described

  RESPONSES.

  • Provide thoughtful responses to at least two colleagues’ posts.
  • Support or challenge their explanations with evidence and examples.
  • Ensure responses are respectful and contribute to the discussion.

  Example

  Hello Ross,

  I find your analysis of the ‘Obesity Reduction and Management Act of 2021' thought-provoking. It is important to consider whether the evidence aligns with the policy’s assumptions. Research suggests that while removing financial barriers can increase gym attendance, the link to long-term obesity reduction is not as clear. For example, a study in the ‘Journal of Health Economics’ indicates that while subsidised gym memberships increase initial usage, most individuals do not maintain long-term attendance without additional motivational factors. While the policy is well-intentioned, its effectiveness could be enhanced by integrating behavioural and educational components, such as motivational interviewing and lifestyle education, to support sustained lifestyle changes beyond initial financial incentives.

  Hi Tonya,

  I support your positive assessment of the ‘Clean Air for Schools Act.’ There is substantial evidence indicating that improving indoor air quality can significantly impact respiratory health, particularly for asthma sufferers. For instance, a study from the ‘Environmental Health Perspectives' journal found that enhancements in school ventilation systems led to a marked reduction in asthma-related incidents and school absences. It aligns well with the policy’s goals. It suggests that such interventions are not only beneficial for student health but also potentially improve academic performance by minimising disruptions caused by health issues. It is encouraging to see policies proposed with a strong backing of relevant and specific evidence, emphasising their potential effectiveness and importance.

  CLOSING

  By following NURS-6050N-27 4-1 Discussion Evidence Base in Design of these guidelines, you will effectively analyse and discuss evidence-based health policies, demonstrating a thorough understanding of how scientific research informs policy-making. This approach ensures that healthcare interventions are grounded in reliable evidence, ultimately improving patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency. In the next module of Nurs-6050N-27, we will explore the4-2 DISCUSSION.

  NURS-6050N-27 4-2 Discussion: The Role of the Rn/Aprn in Policy-Making

  Instructions of NURS-6050N-27 4-2 Discussion: The Role of the Rn/Aprn in Policy-Making

  THE ROLE OF THE RN/APRN IN POLICY-MAKING

  Word cloud generators have become popular tools for meetings and team-building events. Groups or teams are asked to use these applications to input words they feel best describe their team or their role. A “word cloud” is generated by the application that makes prominent the most-used terms, offering an image of the common thinking among participants of that role.

  What types of words would you use to build a nursing word cloud? Empathetic, organized, hard-working, or an advocate would all certainly apply. Would you add policy-maker to your list? Do you think it would be a very prominent component of the word cloud?

  Nursing has become one of the largest professions in the world, and as such, nurses have the potential to influence policy and politics on a global scale. When nurses influence the politics that improve the delivery of healthcare, they are ultimately advocating for their patients. Hence, policy-making has become an increasingly popular term among nurses as they recognize a moral and professional obligation to be engaged in healthcare legislation.

  RESOURCES

  Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
  Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. 

  WEEKLY RESOURCES

  To Prepare:

  • Revisit the Congress.gov website provided in the Resources and consider the role of RNs and APRNs in policy-making.
  • Reflect on potential opportunities that may exist for RNs and APRNs to participate in the policy-making process.

  BY DAY 3 OF WEEK 8

  Post an explanation of at least two opportunities that exist for RNs and APRNs to actively participate in policy-making. Explain some of the challenges that these opportunities may present and describe how you might overcome these challenges. Finally, recommend two strategies you might use to better advocate for or communicate the existence of these opportunities to participate in policy-making. Be specific and provide examples.

  BY DAY 6 OF WEEK 8

  Respond to at least two of your colleagues’* posts by suggesting additional opportunities or recommendations for overcoming the challenges described by your colleagues

  INTRODUCTION TO NURS 6050 4-2 DISCUSSION

  This NURS-6050N-27 4-2 Discussion: The Role of the Rn/APRN in Policy-Making assignment involves writing a discussion post that explores the role of Registered Nurses (RNs) and Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) in policy-making. You will identify opportunities for nurses to participate in policy-making, discuss challenges they might face, and recommend strategies to better advocate for these opportunities. This Owlisdom exercise aims to enhance your understanding of how nurses can influence health policy and improve healthcare delivery.

  • Highlight the importance of RNs and APRNs participating in policy-making to improve healthcare delivery and patient outcomes.

  Nurses, encompassing both Registered Nurses (RNs) and Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs), play a pivotal role in healthcare not only as caregivers but also as key stakeholders in health policy development. Their direct interaction with patients and firsthand insights into the healthcare system equip them uniquely to influence policy-making effectively.

  Post an explanation of at least two opportunities that exist for RNs and APRNs to actively participate in policy-making.

  OPPORTUNITIES FOR RNS AND APRNS IN POLICY-MAKING

  • Review resources like Congress.gov to understand the current policy landscape.
  • Identify at least two opportunities for RNs and APRNs to participate in policy-making.
  • Provide specific examples of how nurses can engage in these opportunities.

  Example

  One significant opportunity for RNs and APRNs in policy-making is through membership and active participation in professional nursing organizations. These organizations often have policy committees or special interest groups focused on healthcare legislation (Chiu et al., 2021). By joining these groups, nurses can contribute to position statements or recommendations that directly influence health policy at local, state, and national levels. For instance, the American Nurses Association (ANA) regularly lobbies for policy changes that promote patient welfare and nursing practices.

  Another pathway is through direct involvement in governmental advisory boards or task forces that focus on health policy. Nurses can apply for positions on these boards, bringing their clinical expertise to the policy-making process. It is crucial in shaping effective health policies that reflect real-world clinical settings and patient needs.

  Explain some of the challenges that these opportunities may present and describe how you might overcome these challenges.

  EXPLAINING CHALLENGES AND OVERCOMING THEM

  • Identify common challenges, such as a lack of time and expertise.
  • Suggest ways to overcome these challenges, such as further education and institutional support.

  Example

  However, these opportunities come with challenges. The lack of time due to demanding work schedules and the need for substantial expertise in both healthcare and legislative processes are significant barriers. To overcome these, nurses can pursue further education in health policy or public health to prepare themselves for these roles. Additionally, healthcare institutions can support nursing involvement in policy-making by providing time allowances or incentives for those who engage in policy activities.

  Recommend two strategies you might use to better advocate for or communicate the existence of these opportunities to participate in policy-making. Be specific and provide examples.

  RECOMMENDING ADVOCACY AND COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES

  • Suggest at least two strategies for advocating and communicating these opportunities.
  • Provide specific examples of how to implement these strategies.

  Example

  To advocate for and communicate these opportunities effectively, two strategies are paramount. First, professional nursing organizations should actively promote the success stories of nurses who have influenced policy using platforms like social media, webinars, and conferences. It can inspire and educate nurses about the impact they can have beyond the bedside. Second, nursing education programs should incorporate policy education into their curricula, equipping future nurses with the knowledge and skills needed to engage in policy-making from the outset of their careers (Thomas et al., 2020). By embedding the importance of policy-making in nursing training, the profession can enhance its influence in health policy development, ensuring nurses are not only participants but leaders in shaping healthcare legislation.

  REFERENCES

  Chiu, P., Cummings, G. G., Thorne, S., & Schick-Makaroff, K. (2021). Policy Advocacy and Nursing Organizations: A Scoping Review. Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice, 22(4), 276–296.

  https://doi.org/10.1177/15271544211050611

  Thomas, T., Martsolf, G., & Puskar, K. (2020). How to engage nursing students in health policy: Results of a survey assessing students’ competencies, experiences, interests, and values. Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice, 21(1), 12–20.

  Respond to at least two of your colleagues’ posts by suggesting additional opportunities or recommendations for overcoming the challenges described by your colleagues.

  RESPONSES

  • Provide thoughtful responses to at least two colleagues’ posts.
  • Support or challenge their explanations with evidence and examples.

  Example

  Hello Gazelle,

  You have raised an important point about the intimidation nurses might feel towards the complexity of policy-making. To further bridge this gap, additional opportunities for nurses to engage in policy-making could include structured mentorship programs within these associations. Experienced policy-making nurses could mentor newcomers, providing guidance and building confidence in their advocacy skills. Moreover, nursing associations could develop short, targeted training programs or workshops focused on specific areas of health policy. These programs would be designed to be accessible and manageable even for those with busy schedules, helping nurses gain the necessary skills and knowledge incrementally. Over time, these initiatives could demystify the policy-making process, making it more approachable for everyday practitioners.

  Hi Moore,

  You have raised an important point about the intimidation nurses might feel towards the complexity of policy-making. To further bridge this gap, additional opportunities for nurses to engage in policy-making could include structured mentorship programs within these associations. Experienced policy-making nurses could mentor newcomers, providing guidance and building confidence in their advocacy skills. Moreover, nursing associations could develop short, targeted training programs or workshops focused on specific areas of health policy. These programs would be designed to be accessible and manageable even for those with busy schedules, helping nurses gain the necessary skills and knowledge incrementally. Over time, these initiatives could demystify the policy-making process, making it more approachable for everyday practitioners.

  CLOSING

  By following NURS-6050N-27 4-2 Discussion: The Role of the Rn/APRN in Policy-Making, these guidelines, you can effectively analyze and discuss the role of RNs and APRNs in policy-making, demonstrating a thorough understanding of how nurses can influence health policy. This process enhances the ability to advocate for patients and contribute to the development of effective healthcare policies. In the next module of NURS-6050N-27, we will explore the 4-3 INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPT.

  NURS-6050N-27 4-3 Interview Transcript

  
  

  Instructions of NURS-6050N-27 4-3 Interview Transcript

  ADVOCATING FOR THE NURSING ROLE IN PROGRAM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

  As their names imply, the honeyguide bird and the honey badger both share an affinity for honey. Honeyguide birds specialize in finding beehives but struggle to access the honey within. Honey badgers are well-equipped to raid beehives, but cannot always find them. However, these two honey-loving species have learned to collaborate on an effective means to meet their objectives. The honeyguide bird guides honey badgers to newly discovered hives. Once the honey badger has ransacked the hive, the honey guide bird safely enters to enjoy the leftover honey.

  Much like honeyguide birds and honey badgers, nurses and health professionals from other specialty areas can—and should—collaborate to design effective programs. Nurses bring specialties to the table that make them natural partners to professionals with different specialties. When nurses take the requisite leadership in becoming involved throughout the healthcare system, these partnerships can better design and deliver highly effective programs that meet objectives.

  In this Assignment, you will practice this type of leadership by advocating for a healthcare program. Equally as important, you will advocate for a collaborative role of the nurse in the design and implementation of this program. To do this, assume you are preparing to be interviewed by a professional organization/publication regarding your thoughts on the role of the nurse in the design and implementation of new healthcare programs.

  RESOURCES

  Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
  Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. 

  WEEKLY RESOURCES

  To Prepare:

  • Review the Resources and reflect on your thinking regarding the role of the nurse in the design and implementation of new healthcare programs.
  • Select a healthcare program within your practice and consider the design and implementation of this program.
  • Reflect on advocacy efforts and the role of the nurse in relation to healthcare program design and implementation.

  The Assignment: (2–4 pages)

  In a 2- to 4-page paper, create an interview transcript of your responses to the following interview questions:

  • Tell us about a healthcare program within your practice. What are the costs and projected outcomes of this program?
  • Who is your target population?
  • What is the role of the nurse in providing input for the design of this healthcare program? Can you provide examples?
  • What is your role as an advocate for your target population for this healthcare program? Do you have input into design decisions? How else do you impact design?
  • What is the role of the nurse in healthcare program implementation? How does this role vary between design and implementation of healthcare programs? Can you provide examples?
  • Who are the members of a healthcare team that you believe are most needed to implement a program? Can you explain why?

  BY DAY 7 OF WEEK 8

  Submit your interview transcript.

  INTRODUCTION TO NURS-6050N-27 4-3 INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPT

  This assignment involves writing an interview transcript in which you advocate for nurses’ roles in the design and implementation of healthcare programs. You will provide insights into a specific healthcare program within your practice, discussing costs, outcomes, target population, and the nurse’s role. The Owlisdom aims to highlight how nurses can influence program effectiveness and patient-centered care.

  • Describe the goal of the assignment.
  • Highlight the significance of nurses in influencing healthcare programs and patient outcomes.

  Example

  In the rapidly evolving field of healthcare, the integral role of nurses extends beyond direct patient care to encompass significant involvement in the design and implementation of healthcare programs. As frontline professionals, nurses possess unique insights into patient needs and healthcare delivery challenges, making their involvement critical in developing effective healthcare solutions. This paper explores the multifaceted role of nurses as they advocate for and contribute to healthcare programs, highlighting their crucial contributions to ensuring these initiatives are both effective and patient-centred. By examining a specific healthcare program, the discussion illuminates how nurses influence program design and implementation, advocating for patient needs and enhancing healthcare outcomes.

  Tell us about a healthcare program within your practice. What are the costs and projected outcomes of this program?

  DESCRIBING A HEALTHCARE PROGRAM

  • Select a healthcare program relevant to your practice.
  • Detail the program’s costs and projected outcomes.

  Example

  Thank you for having me. One of the programs we have recently developed focuses on improving care for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The program, which includes a combination of patient education, regular monitoring, and enhanced communication channels between patients and healthcare providers, aims to reduce the frequency of hospital readmissions and improve the quality of life for these patients (Konstantinidis et al., 2022). The costs involve training staff, implementing new software for monitoring, and patient education materials. Projected outcomes include a 20% reduction in hospital readmissions within the first year and improved patient satisfaction scores.

  Who is your target population?

  IDENTIFYING THE TARGET POPULATION

  • Define the program is designed to help a specific group of patients.
  • Explain why this group was chosen.

  Example

  Our target population is primarily elderly patients diagnosed with COPD who have had one or more hospital admissions in the past year. This group is particularly vulnerable to complications and rapid declines in health status, making them ideal candidates for intensive management.

  What is the role of the nurse in providing input for the design of this healthcare program? Can you provide examples?

  THE NURSE’S ROLE IN PROGRAM DESIGN

  • Explain the nurse’s contribution to program design.
  • Provide specific examples of how nurses influence design decisions.

  Example

  Nurses are pivotal in the design of this program. For example, our insights from direct patient care allow us to identify key elements that need addressing – such as patient education on medication adherence and the importance of regular physiotherapy. We have used our firsthand experience to shape educational content and design follow-up protocols that are not only medically appropriate but also aligned with patients’ lifestyles and capabilities.

  What is your role as an advocate for your target population for this healthcare program? Do you have input into design decisions? How else do you impact design?

  ADVOCACY FOR THE TARGET POPULATION

  • Explain how nurses advocate for patient needs in the design process.
  • Discuss additional ways nurses impact program design.

  Example

  As a nurse, my advocacy role involves voicing the needs and preferences of our patients during the design phase of the program (Heck et al., 2022). I ensure that the program components are patient-centred and feasible. I participate in planning meetings and contribute to decision-making processes, ensuring that the patient’s voice is represented. Beyond just input, I also help model interventions based on predicted patient behaviours and preferences, which influence the overall design.

  What is the role of the nurse in healthcare program implementation? How does this role vary between the design and implementation of healthcare programs? Can you provide examples?

  THE NURSE’S ROLE IN PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

  • Explain the nurse’s responsibilities during program implementation.
  • Highlight differences between design and implementation roles.

  Example

  In implementation, the nurse’s role shifts from advisory to action. While during the design phase, we might suggest features based on theoretical outcomes and patient needs, we execute these plans in implementation. It involves educating patients, managing the interventions, assessing outcomes, and adjusting care plans as necessary. For example, in our COPD program, nurses take the lead in teaching patients how to use monitoring devices and interpret the data they collect.

  Who are the members of a healthcare team that you believe are most needed to implement a program? Can you explain why?

  KEY MEMBERS OF THE HEALTHCARE TEAM

  • List the essential members of the healthcare team.
  • Explain why each member is important.

  Example

  A multidisciplinary team is crucial for effective program implementation. Besides nurses, this team often includes physicians who oversee medical protocols, physiotherapists who assist with physical therapy components, and dietitians who provide nutritional counseling (Berner et al., 2021). Social workers also play a vital role in addressing any social or psychological barriers to program adherence. Each professional brings a different perspective, ensuring that all aspects of patient care are addressed comprehensively.

  CONCLUSION

  • Recap the significance of nurses in healthcare program design and implementation.
  • Highlight the benefits of their involvement in improving patient care and outcomes.

  The nurse’s role in both the design and implementation of healthcare programs is critical. Through direct interaction and feedback, nurses help ensure that programs are both effective and aligned with patient needs, acting not just as caregivers but as advocates and leaders in healthcare improvement initiatives. Our work in the COPD program is just one example of how nursing professionals can lead change and significantly impact health outcomes by being actively involved in all stages of program development and execution.

  REFERENCES

   Berner, P., Bezner, J. R., Morris, D., & Lein Jr, D. H. (2021). Nutrition in physical therapist practice: Setting the stage for taking action. Physical Therapy, 101(5), pzab062.

  Heck, L. O., Carrara, B. S., Mendes, I. A. C., & Arena Ventura, C. A. (2022). Nursing and advocacy in health: An integrative review. Nursing Ethics, 29(4), 1014–1034. https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330211062981

  Konstantinidis, A., Kyriakopoulos, C., Ntritsos, G., Giannakeas, N., Gourgoulianis, K. I., Kostikas, K., & Gogali, A. (2022). The role of digital tools in the timely diagnosis and prevention of acute exacerbations of COPD: A comprehensive review of the literature. Diagnostics, 12(2), 269. 

  CLOSING

  Following NURS-6050N-27 4-3 Interview Transcript guidelines, you can effectively complete the discussion assignment, demonstrating a thorough understanding of the nurse’s role in healthcare program design and implementation. This approach ensures that nurses are equipped to advocate for patient needs and enhance healthcare delivery through collaborative and innovative program development. In the next module of NURS-6050N-27, we will explore the 5-1 DISCUSSION.

  NURS-6050N-27 5-1 Discussion: The Role of the Rn/Aprn in Policy Evaluation

  Instructions of NURS-6050N-27 5-1 Discussion: The Role of the Rn/Aprn in Policy Evaluation

  THE ROLE OF THE RN/APRN IN POLICY EVALUATION

  In the Module 4 Discussion, you considered how professional nurses can become involved in policy-making. A critical component of any policy design is the evaluation of the results. How comfortable are you with the thought of becoming involved with such matters?

  Some nurses may be hesitant to get involved with policy evaluation. The preference may be to focus on the care and well-being of their patients; some nurses may feel ill-equipped to enter the realm of policy and political activities. However, as you have examined previously, who better to advocate for patients and effective programs and polices than nurses? Already patient advocates in interactions with doctors and leadership, why not with government and regulatory agencies?

  In this Discussion, you will reflect on the role of professional nurses in policy evaluation.

  RESOURCES

  Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
  Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. 

  WEEKLY RESOURCES

  To Prepare:

  • In the Module 4 Discussion, you considered how professional nurses can become involved in policy-making.
  • Review the Resources and reflect on the role of professional nurses in policy evaluation.

  BY DAY 3 OF WEEK 9

  Select an existing healthcare program or policy evaluation or choose one of interest to you.

  Review community, state, or federal policy evaluation and reflect on the criteria used to measure the effectiveness of the program or policy described.

  Post an evaluation topic and a brief description of the evaluation. Discuss how social determinants impact this issue.

  BY DAY 6 OF WEEK 9

  Respond to at least two of your colleagues* on two different days by suggesting additional opportunities or recommendations for overcoming the challenges described by your colleagues.

  INTRODUCTION TO NURS-6050N-27 5-1 Discussion: The Role Of The Rn/Aprn In Policy Evaluation

  This NURS-6050N-27 5-1 Discussion: The Role of the Rn/APRN in Policy Evaluation assignment involves writing a discussion post where you will evaluate an existing healthcare program or policy. The objective is to analyse the effectiveness of the program or policy by reviewing the criteria used in its evaluation and discussing how social determinants impact the issue. This Owlisdom guide provides a structured approach to completing the assignment effectively.

  Select an existing healthcare program or policy evaluation, or choose one of interest to you.

  SELECTING AND DESCRIBING A HEALTHCARE PROGRAM OR POLICY

  • Choose a relevant healthcare program or policy.
  • Provide a brief background and description of the program or policy.

  Example

  I have selected the evaluation of the Medicaid Expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) as a significant healthcare policy to review. Medicaid Expansion was implemented to increase healthcare access for low-income individuals by broadening Medicaid eligibility to include adults with incomes up to 138% of the federal poverty level (Goldman & Sommers, 2020). The policy has been a critical tool in reducing the number of uninsured Americans and improving access to necessary healthcare services.

  Review community, state, or federal policy evaluation and reflect on the criteria used to measure the effectiveness of the program or policy described.

  DISCUSSING THE EVALUATION CRITERIA

  • Identify the criteria used in the evaluation.
  • Discuss the outcomes measured by these criteria.

  Example

  The effectiveness of Medicaid Expansion has been measured through various criteria, including changes in health insurance coverage rates, healthcare access, utilisation of healthcare services, and health outcomes. Studies have shown that states that expanded Medicaid saw greater reductions in uninsured rates compared to non-expansion states (Toyoda et al., 2020). Additionally, these states reported improved access to primary care, more regular checkups, and increased prescription medication use, factors that are critical in managing chronic diseases and improving overall health.

  Discuss how social determinants impact this issue.

  ANALYSING THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL DETERMINANTS

  • Identify relevant social determinants.
  • Explain how these determinants influence the effectiveness of the program or policy.

  Example

  Social determinants of health, such as income, employment, and educational opportunities, play a significant role in this evaluation. Medicaid Expansion directly addresses the income barrier by providing health coverage to lower-income individuals, which can lead to better health outcomes and reduced health disparities. For instance, access to healthcare allows individuals to receive preventive services and early treatment, which can reduce the severity of diseases and the need for emergency healthcare services.

  However, the impact of social determinants extends beyond just access to healthcare. For example, individuals in lower-income brackets might still face challenges such as transportation to healthcare facilities, the ability to take time off work for medical visits, or even understanding and navigating the healthcare system. These factors must be considered when evaluating the effectiveness of Medicaid Expansion and similar policies.

  Involvement in policy evaluation like this allows nurses to utilise their firsthand experience with patient care to advocate for effective programs and policies that address not only the medical but also the social needs of patients. By engaging in policy evaluation, nurses can help ensure that health policies are not only effectively implemented but are also successful in achieving their intended health outcomes.

  REFERENCES

  Goldman, A. L., & Sommers, B. D. (2020). Among Low-Income Adults Enrolled In Medicaid, Churning Decreased After The Affordable Care Act: This study examines whether the Affordable Care Act’s expansion of Medicaid eligibility had an impact on coverage disruptions – known as “churning” – among Medicaid enrollees. Health Affairs, 39(1), 85–93. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00378

  Toyoda, Y., Oh, E. J., Premaratne, I. D., Chiuzan, C., & Rohde, C. H. (2020). Affordable Care Act state-specific Medicaid expansion: Impact on health insurance coverage and breast cancer screening rate. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 230(5), 775–783.

  Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days by suggesting additional opportunities or recommendations for overcoming the challenges described by your colleagues.

  RESPONSES

  • Read and understand your colleagues’ posts.
  • Offer insightful suggestions or constructive feedback.
  • Ensure your responses are respectful and supported by evidence.

  Example

  Hello Rosemary,

  You raise a crucial point about the challenges nurses face when stepping into policy evaluation roles due to perceived gaps in their training. One effective way to address this challenge is through targeted educational programs that focus specifically on health policy and evaluation. Nursing schools and professional organisations could offer workshops, seminars, or continuing education courses that provide nurses with the tools and knowledge needed to effectively participate in policy evaluation. Additionally, health institutions can establish partnerships with policy experts or academic institutions to facilitate mentorship programs where experienced policy analysts mentor nurses. This hands-on experience could significantly boost nurses’ confidence and competence in engaging with policy evaluation and advocacy.

  Hi Gerry,

  Time constraints are indeed a significant barrier for nurses wishing to engage more deeply in policy evaluation. To mitigate this, healthcare organisations could consider recognising policy engagement as part of job responsibilities, potentially offering dedicated time or even incentives for these activities. For instance, creating roles or committees within the organisation focused on policy could allow interested nurses to participate during work hours without sacrificing patient care duties. Furthermore, advocating for policy work to be recognised as part of professional development could encourage more nurses to participate, knowing that their contributions to policy are valued and supported at institutional levels. Such structural changes could help integrate policy evaluation more seamlessly into the nursing role, ensuring that nurses have a more substantial impact on shaping healthcare policies.

  CLOSING

  Following NURS-6050N-27 5-1 Discussion: The Role of the Rn/APRN in Policy Evaluation guidelines, you can effectively complete the discussion assignment, demonstrate a thorough understanding of the healthcare program or policy evaluation, and contribute meaningfully to the class dialogue. This approach ensures a comprehensive and insightful analysis of healthcare policies, considering both evaluation criteria and social determinants of health. In the next module of NURS-6050N-27, we will explore the 5-2 ASSESSING A HEALTHCARE PROGRAM/POLICY EVALUATION.

  NURS-6050N-27 5-2 Assessing a Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation

  Instructions of NURS-6050N-27 5-2 Assessing a Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation

  ASSESSING A HEALTHCARE PROGRAM/POLICY EVALUATION

  Program/policy evaluation is a valuable tool that can help strengthen the quality of programs/policies and improve outcomes for the populations they serve. Program/policy evaluation answers basic questions about program/policy effectiveness. It involves collecting and analyzing information about program/policy activities, characteristics, and outcomes. This information can be used to ultimately improve program services or policy initiatives.

  Nurses can play a very important role in assessing program/policy evaluation for the same reasons that they can be so important to program/policy design. Nurses bring expertise and patient advocacy that can add significant insight and impact. In this Assignment, you will practice applying this expertise and insight by selecting an existing healthcare program or policy evaluation and reflecting on the criteria used to measure the effectiveness of the program/policy.

  RESOURCES

  Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
  Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. 

  WEEKLY RESOURCES

  To Prepare:

  • Review the Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation Analysis Template provided in the Resources.
  • Select an existing healthcare program or policy evaluation or choose one of interest to you.
  • Review community, state, or federal policy evaluation and reflect on the criteria used to measure the effectiveness of the program or policy described.

  The Assignment: (2–3 pages)

  Based on the program or policy evaluation you selected, complete the Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation Analysis Template. Be sure to address the following:

  • Describe the healthcare program or policy outcomes.
  • How was the success of the program or policy measured?
  • How many people were reached by the program or policy selected?
  • How much of an impact was realized with the program or policy selected?
  • At what point in program implementation was the program or policy evaluation conducted?
  • What data was used to conduct the program or policy evaluation?
  • What specific information on unintended consequences was identified?
  • What stakeholders were identified in the evaluation of the program or policy? Who would benefit most from the results and reporting of the program or policy evaluation? Be specific and provide examples.
  • Did the program or policy meet the original intent and objectives? Why or why not?
  • Would you recommend implementing this program or policy in your place of work? Why or why not?
  • Identify at least two ways that you, as a nurse advocate, could become involved in evaluating a program or policy after 1 year of implementation.

  BY DAY 7 OF WEEK 10

  Submit your completed healthcare program/policy evaluation analysis.

  Introduction To NURS-6050N-27 5-2 Assessing a Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation

  This NURS-6050N-27 5-2 Assessing A Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation assignment involves evaluating an existing healthcare program or policy. The goal is to understand and analyze the effectiveness of the program/policy by examining various evaluation criteria. This Owlisdomguide provides a structured approach to completing the assignment effectively, ensuring a comprehensive analysis.

  Describe the healthcare program or policy outcomes.

  SELECTING AND DESCRIBING A HEALTHCARE PROGRAM OR POLICY

  • Choose a relevant healthcare program or policy.
  • Provide a brief description, including the primary goals and objectives.

  Example

  The Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) program is a comprehensive initiative aimed at empowering patients with diabetes to effectively manage their condition. It provides education on crucial aspects such as diet, exercise, medication adherence, and self-monitoring of blood glucose levels (American Association of Diabetes Educators, 2020). The primary goal is to improve long-term health outcomes and reduce diabetes-related complications by enhancing patients’ knowledge and self-care skills. The program involves a series of structured educational sessions delivered by healthcare professionals, including nurses, dietitians, and diabetes educators, designed to equip patients with the necessary tools and knowledge to manage their diabetes independently.

  How was the success of the program or policy measured?

  MEASURING THE SUCCESS OF THE PROGRAM OR POLICY

  • Identify the key indicators used to measure success.
  • Discuss the outcomes that were assessed.

  Example

  The DSME program’s success was measured using various key indicators. Primary among these were changes in patients’ HbA1c levels, which provided a clear measure of blood glucose control over the preceding three months. Additionally, patient self-reported adherence to lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes and increased physical activity, was assessed through surveys. Another critical metric was the reduction in emergency room visits for diabetes-related complications, indicating improved disease management. Patient satisfaction surveys were also employed to gauge the perceived value and effectiveness of the education provided.

  How many people were reached by the program or policy selected? How much of an impact was realized with the program or policy selected?

  EVALUATING THE REACH AND IMPACT

  • Provide data on the number of people reached.
  • Discuss the impact of the program/policy.

  Example

  The DSME program reached approximately 500 patients within the community health center during its first year. The impact of the program was significant. Seventy percent of participants demonstrated improved HbA1c levels by at least 0.5% within six months of enrolling in the program. Additionally, there was a notable 30% reduction in emergency room visits related to diabetes complications among participants. Patient satisfaction surveys reflected high levels of satisfaction with the education and support provided, with many patients reporting increased confidence in managing their condition.

  At what point in program implementation was the program or policy evaluation conducted?

  TIMING OF EVALUATION

  • State the timing of the evaluation relative to program implementation.
  • Explain the rationale for this timing.

  Example

  The evaluation of the DSME program was conducted at the end of its first year of implementation. This timing was chosen to allow for sufficient time to observe and measure changes in health outcomes and patient behaviors. By the end of the year, enough data had been collected to provide a comprehensive assessment of the program’s effectiveness.

  What data was used to conduct the program or policy evaluation?

  DATA USED FOR EVALUATION

  • List the types of data used.
  • Explain how the data contributed to the evaluation.

  Example

  The evaluation utilized a range of data sources. Medical records provided pre- and post-program HbA1c levels, allowing for a direct comparison of blood glucose control before and after participation. Hospital data systems were used to track emergency department admission rates for diabetes-related issues. Patient satisfaction and self-report surveys offered insights into lifestyle changes and overall program effectiveness. Additionally, observational data from healthcare providers regarding patient engagement and compliance were included to provide a more holistic view of the program’s impact.

  What specific information on unintended consequences was identified?

  IDENTIFYING UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES

  • Describe any negative or unexpected outcomes.
  • Explain their significance.

  Example

  Several unintended consequences were identified during the evaluation. While the program aimed to educate and empower patients, increased awareness of diabetes complications led to heightened anxiety among some participants regarding their health status. This anxiety sometimes makes patients feel overwhelmed by the significant lifestyle changes required. Addressing these emotional and psychological impacts became an additional focus for the program’s future iterations.

  What stakeholders were identified in the evaluation of the program or policy? Who would benefit most from the results and reporting of the program or policy evaluation? Be specific and provide examples.

  IDENTIFYING STAKEHOLDERS

  • List the stakeholders.
  • Explain who would benefit most from the results.

  Example

  The evaluation identified various stakeholders, including patients, primary care physicians, diabetes educators, dietitians, and healthcare administrators. Patients and primary care providers stood to benefit most from the results of the evaluation. Patients benefited by receiving more tailored care plans and enhanced education, while healthcare providers gained valuable insights into patient needs and program efficacy, allowing for better care delivery and improved patient outcomes.

  Did the program or policy meet the original intent and objectives? Why or why not?

  ASSESSING WHETHER ORIGINAL INTENT AND OBJECTIVES WERE MET

  • Evaluate the outcomes against the original intent and objectives.
  • Explain why or why not the goals were met.

  Example

  The DSME program largely met its original intent and objectives. It successfully improved clinical outcomes, such as reduced HbA1c levels, fewer emergency room visits, and enhanced patient engagement in diabetes management. However, there were challenges in maintaining consistent long-term engagement in follow-up sessions, indicating a need for ongoing adjustments to sustain patient involvement and support.

  Would you recommend implementing this program or policy in your place of work? Why or why not?

  RECOMMENDATION FOR WORKPLACE IMPLEMENTATION

  • State your recommendation.
  • Justify your decision with evidence.

  Example

  I would recommend implementing the DSME program in my workplace due to its proven effectiveness in improving patient outcomes and engagement. The program’s educational components are adaptable to various patient needs, making it a versatile tool for diabetes management. However, it would be essential to address the identified challenges, such as providing additional emotional support and ensuring sustained patient engagement over the long term.

  Identify at least two ways that you, as a nurse advocate, could become involved in evaluating a program or policy after one year of implementation.

  NURSE ADVOCATE INVOLVEMENT

  • Identify at least two ways for nurse advocates to participate.
  • Provide specific examples.

  Example

  As a nurse advocate, two ways to be involved in evaluating the program after one year of implementation include:

• Leading Focus Groups: Conduct focus group discussions with program participants to gather detailed feedback on various aspects of the program, such as educational content and delivery, which can provide insights beyond quantitative data.
• Participating in Data Analysis: Collaborating with the data analysis team to review changes in clinical outcomes and identify patterns that may warrant adjustments in program content or delivery methods.

• GENERAL NOTES/COMMENTS

  • Add any relevant notes or comments.
  • Highlight important considerations.

  Example

  It is crucial to continue monitoring and refining the DSME program based on comprehensive evaluation outcomes. Future evaluations should consider integrating more robust support mechanisms for patients who feel overwhelmed and extending follow-up durations to better understand and sustain the benefits of the program over time.

  REFERENCES

  American Association of Diabetes Educators. (2020). An Effective Model of Diabetes Care and Education: Revising the AADE7 Self-Care Behaviors ®. The Diabetes Educator, 46(2), 139–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721719894903

  CLOSING

  By following these NURS-6050N-27 5-2 Assessing a Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation guidelines, you can effectively assess healthcare programs and policies, ensuring a thorough evaluation of their effectiveness and impact. This assignment underscores the importance of data-driven analysis in improving healthcare outcomes and highlights the critical role nurses play in shaping and advocating for effective healthcare initiatives. In the next module of NURS-6050N-27, we will explore the 6-1 Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement.

  
  

  NURS-6050N-27 6-1 Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement

  Instructions of NURS-6050N-27 6-1 Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement

  GLOBAL HEALTHCARE COMPARISON MATRIX AND NARRATIVE STATEMENT

  Note: This Assignment (both Parts 1 & 2) is due on Day 5 of Week 11.

  If you talk about a possible poor health outcome, do you believe that outcome will occur? Do you believe eye contact and personal contact should be avoided?

  You would have a difficult time practicing as a nurse if you believed these to be true. But they are very real beliefs in some cultures.

  Differences in cultural beliefs, subcultures, religion, ethnic customs, dietary customs, language, and a host of other factors contribute to the complex environment that surrounds global healthcare issues. Failure to understand and account for these differences can create a gulf between practitioners and the public they serve.

  In this Assignment, you will examine a global health issue and consider the approach to this issue by the United States and by one other country.

  RESOURCES

  Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
  Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. 

  WEEKLY RESOURCES

  To Prepare:

  • Review the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global health agenda and select one global health issue to focus on for this Assignment.
  • Select at least one additional country to compare to the U.S. for this Assignment.
  • Reflect on how the global health issue you selected is approached in the U.S. and in the additional country you selected.
  • Review and download the Global Health Comparison Matrix provided in the Resources.

  The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Global Health Comparison Matrix; 1-page Plan for Social Change)

  Part 1: Global Health Comparison Matrix

  Focusing on the country you selected and the U.S., complete the Global Health Comparison Matrix. Be sure to address the following:

  • Consider the U.S. national/federal health policies that have been adapted for the global health issue you selected from the WHO global health agenda. Compare these policies to the additional country you selected for study.
  • Explain the strengths and weaknesses of each policy.
  • Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the global health issue you selected. Be specific and provide examples.
  • Using the WHO’s global health agenda as well as the results of your own research, analyze how each country’s government addresses cost, quality, and access to the global health issue selected.
  • Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the health of the global population. Be specific and provide examples.
  • Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the role of the nurse in each country.
  • Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. Be specific and provide examples.

  Part 2: A Plan for Social Change

  Reflect on the global health policy comparison and analysis you conducted in Part 1 of the Assignment and the impact that global health issues may have on the world, the U.S., your community, as well as your practice as a nurse leader.

  In a 1-page response, create a plan for social change that incorporates a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.

  • Explain how you would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.
  • Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact your local practice and role as a nurse leader.
  • Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice as a nurse leader represents and contributes to social change. Be specific and provide examples

  BY DAY 5 OF WEEK 11

  Submit both Part 1 and Part 2 of your Assignment.

  Introduction To NURS-6050N-27 6-1 Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement

  This Owlisdom, NURS-6050N-27 6-1 Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement assignment examines a global health issue and compares the approaches taken by the United States and another country. By completing this exercise, students will gain insight into how different healthcare policies impact health outcomes and the roles of healthcare professionals. The objective is to understand the strengths and weaknesses of these policies, the social determinants influencing health, and the broader impact on global health.

  PART 1: GLOBAL HEALTH COMPARISON MATRIX

  Consider the U.S. national/federal health policies that have been adapted for the global health issue you selected from the WHO global health agenda. Compare these policies to those of the additional country you selected for study.

  Description of the Global Health Issue

  Start by selecting a global health issue from the WHO global health agenda. Research and NURS-6050N-27 6-1 Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement provide a summary of the issue, including its prevalence, affected populations, and overall impact on global health.

  Tuberculosis remains one of the world’s deadliest infectious diseases, with millions of new cases annually. It primarily affects the lungs but can also impact other parts of the body.

  Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue.

  Policy Description in Each Country

  Investigate and describe the national health policies related to the chosen issue in both the United States and the other selected country. 

  Each country has implemented specific strategies and regulations to address the issue.

  Example

  U.S.: The U.S. follows a policy of aggressive screening and treatment, focusing particularly on at-risk populations, including immigrants from high-prevalence countries and individuals living in congregate settings.

  India: India’s Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP) emphasizes early detection through community-based screenings and the provision of free treatment for all individuals diagnosed with TB.

  What are the strengths of this policy?

  Strengths of Each Policy

  Identify and analyse the strengths of each country’s policy. 

  Consider factors such as effectiveness, reach, innovation, and resource allocation. 

  Highlight specific elements that contribute to the success of the policy.

  Example

  U.S.: High efficacy of treatment regimens and strong surveillance systems.

  India: Broad reach due to extensive community involvement and free treatment, which encourages compliance.

  What are the weaknesses of this policy?

  Weaknesses of Each Policy

  Critically examine the weaknesses or limitations of each policy. 

  Discuss any gaps, challenges, or areas where the policy falls short. 

  Provide examples to illustrate these weaknesses.

  Example

  U.S.: Limited access to healthcare in rural areas can hinder early detection and consistent treatment.

  India: Overburdened public health systems and issues with medication stock-outs can delay or disrupt treatment continuity.

  Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples)

  Impact of Social Determinants of Health

  In this section of NURS-6050N-27 6-1 Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement, we will discuss the impact of social determinants of health.

  Explore how social determinants of health (e.g., socioeconomic status, education, access to healthcare) influence the global health issue in both countries. 

  Provide specific examples and explain how these determinants affect health outcomes.

  Example

  The U.S.In the U.S., homeless populations and those in crowded living conditions face higher risks.

  India: In India, densely populated urban areas and a lack of nutrition in low-income groups exacerbate transmission rates.

  How has each country’s government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue?

  Governmental Actions on Cost, Quality, and Access

  Analyse how each government addresses the cost, quality, and access to healthcare concerning the selected health issue. 

  Discuss funding mechanisms, quality control measures, and accessibility initiatives.

  Example

  U.S.: The government funds research and treatment initiatives, providing resources for state and local health departments.

  India: Government efforts are supported by international aid and focus on eradication campaigns with rigorous tracking and reporting systems.

  How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples)

  Impact on Global Population Health

  In this section of NURS-6050N-27 6-1 Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement, we will discuss the impact on global population health.

  Explain the broader impact of each country’s policy on global health.

  Consider how successful strategies can serve as models for other countries. 

  Provide examples of positive outcomes or improvements in global health indicators.

  Example

  U.S.: Both policies aim to reduce TB incidence, but the U.S.’s focused approach is on high-risk groups.

  India: India’s mass screening differs in scope and implementation challenges.

  Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the role of nurses in each country.

  Impact on the Role of Nurses

  Describe how the health policy affects the role and responsibilities of nurses in each country. Discuss changes in nursing practice, education, and professional development resulting from the policy.

  Example

  U.S.: Nurses play a critical role in patient education, case management, and executing TB control measures within communities.

  India: Nurses are integral to public health outreach and patient compliance monitoring, often working in challenging conditions to ensure treatment adherence.

  Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organisations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples)

  Local Healthcare Organization and Policy Impact

  Examine how global health issues influence local healthcare organisations and policies in both countries. 

  Provide examples of specific local adaptations or changes in response to global health challenges.

  Example

  U.S.: Local healthcare systems adapt by ensuring resources, offering culturally sensitive training, and integrating community-based education to overcome language and cultural barriers to TB treatment adherence.

  India: India manages TB by scaling up Directly Observed Treatment and improving healthcare infrastructure. Ongoing cultural competence training for healthcare workers is crucial for enhancing treatment adherence.

  In response, create a plan for social change that incorporates a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.

  PART 2: A PLAN FOR SOCIAL CHANGE

  Reflect on the insights gained from the global health comparison. 

  Emphasise the importance of incorporating a global perspective into local healthcare practices to address health disparities and improve outcomes.

  Example

  Reflecting on the comparative analysis of TB management in the U.S. and India, it becomes clear that global health challenges like tuberculosis necessitate a unified response that must be flexible enough to adapt to local realities. As a nurse leader, integrating a global perspective into local practices is crucial for developing healthcare strategies that are both culturally relevant and sustainable.

  Explain how you would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.

  Advocacy for Global Health Education

  In this section of NURS-6050N-27 6-1 Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement, we will discuss advocacy for global health education.

  Outline strategies for advocating the inclusion of global health issues in nursing education and practice. 

  Suggest organising workshops, seminars, and continuing education courses to enhance nurses’ understanding of global health dynamics.

  Example

  As a nurse leader, advocating for the inclusion of global health issues in the educational curricula for nurses is a priority. The advocacy would involve organising workshops and seminars that not only highlight successful international health strategies but also critically analyse these approaches to identify elements that could be tailored to local needs. Such educational initiatives would aim to equip nurses with a comprehensive understanding of global health, enhancing their ability to adapt international best practices to the specific cultural and social contexts of their communities.

  Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact your local practice and role as a nurse leader.

  Impact on Local Practice

  Discuss how incorporating a global perspective can enhance local nursing practices. 

  Provide examples of how global health knowledge can improve patient care, community health, and healthcare delivery.

  Example

  Incorporating a global perspective into local nursing practices significantly broadens the healthcare team’s understanding of how global health dynamics affect local populations. It is particularly important in diverse communities that may include immigrants from countries with high TB prevalence (Plamondon et al., 2021). By fostering a more nuanced understanding of global health issues, nurses can better address the specific health needs of these populations, enhancing patient care and community health outcomes.

  Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice as a nurse leader represents and contributes to social change. Be specific and provide examples.

  Contribution to Social Change

  Explain how a global perspective contributes to social change by addressing socio-economic and cultural determinants of health. 

  Highlight the role of nurses in promoting health equity and implementing effective disease prevention and treatment strategies.

  Example

  Adopting a global perspective allows local health practices to evolve beyond the immediate clinical management of diseases like TB. It encourages a holistic approach that considers the socio-economic and cultural determinants of health (Schillinger, 2020). For instance, in the U.S., recognising and addressing the unique challenges faced by immigrant communities can lead to more targeted and effective TB prevention and treatment strategies. It not only helps in managing the disease more effectively but also contributes to the broader social goal of health equity. 

  REFERENCES

  Baral, S., Rao, A., Rwema, J. O. T., Lyons, C., Cevik, M., Kågesten, A. E., Diouf, D., Sohn, A. H., Phaswana-Mafuya, N., & Kamarulzaman, A. (2021). Competing health risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and early response: A scoping review. MedRxiv.

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7805463/

  Kunin, M., Timlin, M., Lemoh, C., Sheffield, D. A., Russo, A., Hazara, S., & McBride, J. (2022). Improving screening and management of latent tuberculosis infection: Development and evaluation of a latent tuberculosis infection primary care model. BMC Infectious Diseases, 22(1), 49. 

  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06925-8

  Leider, J. P., Meit, M., McCullough, J. M., Resnick, B., Dekker, D., Alfonso, Y. N., & Bishai, D. (2020). The State of Rural Public Health: Enduring Needs in a New Decade. American Journal of Public Health, 110(9), 1283–1290. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305728

  Nebhinani, M. (2021). Leveraging role of non-physician health workers in prevention and control of non-communicable diseases in India: Enablers and challenges. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 10(2), 595–600.

  Plamondon, K. M., Brisbois, B., Dubent, L., & Larson, C. P. (2021). Assessing how global health partnerships function: An equity-informed critical interpretive synthesis. Globalisation and Health, 17(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-021-00726-z

  Schillinger, D. (2020). The intersections between social determinants of health, health literacy, and health disparities. In Health Literacy in Clinical Practice and Public Health (pp. 22–41). IOS Press. https://ebooks.iospress.nl/volumearticle/54527

  CLOSING

  By following NURS-6050N-27 6-1 Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix Aad Narrative Statement guidelines, you can effectively complete the Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement, demonstrating a comprehensive understanding of global health issues and their implications for local healthcare practices. This assignment emphasises the importance of a global perspective in addressing health disparities and improving healthcare outcomes worldwide. You can also read NURS-6050N-27 complete modules to ace the course!