PHIL-210 – Critical Thinking: Strengthening Logic, Reasoning, and Analytical Skills

Introduction

PHIL-210 – Critical Thinking helps students develop the ability to analyze, interpret, and construct logical arguments. The course enhances reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making through the study of logic and evidence-based analysis. For expert help with philosophy essays or critical reasoning assignments, visit Owlisdom’s Psychology Assignment Help.

PHIL 210 Week 1 Discussion: Introductions and Forced Medical Treatment

Instructions for PHIL 210 Week 1 Discussion

Discussion Board 1: Introductions and forced medical treatment

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Discussion Board Instructions

There are two prompts to respond to this week:

Part 1: Please share a little about yourself, including two things people don’t normally know about you that you are comfortable sharing. Please also post a picture of yourself and state who would play you in a movie about yourself, and why?

Part 2: In this story, a teenage girl is forced to undergo chemotherapy. Read the article and use the reading in chapter one to decide if it was ethical for the medical team to do this against the will of the patient. Elaborate on how you came to your conclusion. 

Can Connecticut Force A Teenage Girl To Undergo Chemotherapy ? Links to an external site.

• Original post: Due Thursday by 5 pm
• Response post: 2 peers by Sunday at 11:59 pm

Introduction to PHIL 210 Week One Discussion

The PHIL 210 Week 1 Discussion: Introductions and Forced Medical Treatment explores the interplay between personal values and ethical decision-making in health care. It includes a self-introduction, a moral analysis of a medical case, and a reflection on how personal values shape ethical codes. This Owlisdom How-To Guide aims to deepen your understanding of ethics in health care and enhance your ability to make ethically sound decisions in your future professional practice.

Please share a little about yourself, including two things people don’t usually know about you that you are comfortable sharing. Please also post a picture of yourself and state who would play you in a movie about yourself and why.

Self-Introduction

To start the PHIL 210 Week 1 Discussion: Introductions and Forced Medical Treatment, we will briefly introduce ourselves, reflect on which actor we believe would best portray you in a movie, and explain why.

• Provide a brief background about yourself. This could include your educational background, interests, career aspirations, and anything else that paints a picture of you.
• Think about two exciting or unique facts that people typically don’t know about you but are comfortable sharing. This could be a hobby, an exceptional talent, a significant life experience, or an unusual interest.
• Select a recent and professional picture of yourself to share. Ensure it is appropriate and aligns with the context of an academic or professional setting.
• Reflect on which actor you believe would best portray you in a movie and explain why. Consider aspects such as personality, appearance, and acting style in your reasoning.

Example

Hello, everyone. My name is Alex. My interests span from exploring ethical dilemmas in healthcare to engaging in community service initiatives. I aspire to work in healthcare administration, where I can contribute to ethical policymaking and improve patient care systems.

People usually don’t know that I am an avid rock climber, having scaled some of the most challenging routes in my state and having a passion for painting, with a particular interest in surrealist art. These hobbies provide a balanced life, merging physical activity with creative expression.

For a professional setting, I have chosen a recent picture of me attending a healthcare conference, which highlights my commitment to my field.

If my life were portrayed in a movie, I believe Natalie Portman would be the ideal actor. Her ability to portray strong, intelligent characters resonates with my personality and career aspirations. Additionally, her versatility as an actress reflects the multifaceted nature of my interests and experiences.

In this story, a teenage girl is forced to undergo chemotherapy. Read the article and use the reading in chapter one to decide if it was ethical for the medical team to do this against the patient’s will. Elaborate on how you came to your conclusion.

Ethical Analysis of a Medical Case

Next, in PHIL 210 Week 1 Discussion: Introductions and Forced Medical Treatment. We will discuss our learnings and conclusions from the article given.

• Please carefully read the article provided about the teenage girl undergoing chemotherapy. Pay attention to the details of the case and the ethical dilemma presented.
• Review the relevant section in Chapter One that discusses ethical theories and principles. Focus on concepts like autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice.
• Based on your understanding, determine whether the medical team’s decision to administer chemotherapy against the patient’s will was ethical. Consider the moral principles and theories discussed in Chapter One.
• Explain how you arrived at your conclusion. Discuss the reasoning and ethical principles that guided your decision. Be clear and concise in your explanation, providing evidence from the readings to support your position.

Example

The NPR article “Can Connecticut Force a Teenage Girl to Undergo Chemotherapy?” presents a complex ethical dilemma. The Connecticut Supreme Court forced a 17-year-old girl named Cassandra to undergo chemotherapy against her will. This case focuses on several ethical principles, such as autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice.

Autonomy, the right of patients to make their own decisions, is a cornerstone of medical ethics. However, in this case, the court deemed Cassandra’s refusal as not fully informed due to her age and the potential influence of her mother. Beneficence, the principle of acting in the best interest of the patient, supports the medical team’s decision, as chemotherapy is crucial for her survival. Non-maleficence, the obligation to not harm, aligns with administering life-saving treatment despite the patient’s refusal. Lastly, justice, which emphasizes fairness and equality, was served by ensuring Cassandra received the necessary medical care.

After reviewing the relevant ethical theories and principles, I conclude that the medical team’s decision was ethical. The principle of beneficence justified overriding Cassandra’s autonomy, as her life was at significant risk without treatment. Furthermore, from a legal perspective, minors are often not granted complete independence in medical decisions, especially in life-threatening situations. This ethical stance is supported by the necessity to prevent harm and act in the patient’s best interest, aligning with legal standards and moral principles.

Peer Responses

According to PHIL 210 Week 1 Discussion: Introductions and Forced Medical Treatment, we are supposed to write two peer responses. I have addressed the given instructions in one response. Following these instructions, you can write your peer responses to Module 1 Discussion without a hassle.

• Begin by acknowledging the main points your peer has made. Please provide a summary demonstrating that you have read and understood their discussion post.
• Offer constructive feedback on their arguments and insights. Highlight areas where they have made strong points and suggest areas where they could further expand or clarify their ideas.
• Pose thoughtful questions that encourage deeper reflection or further discussion. This can help stimulate ongoing dialogue and enhance the learning experience for you and your peer.
• Share your own experiences or additional resources that relate to the topic. This can provide new perspectives and enrich the conversation, showing how different viewpoints and sources can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the issue.

Response 01

Hi Alex, great post! Your analysis of Cassandra’s case clearly illustrates the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. One area you could expand on is the potential long-term implications of such decisions on patient trust. As a fellow healthcare enthusiast, I find these dilemmas fascinating and complex.

Response 02

Responding to peers is vital to the PHIL 210 Week 1 Discussion: Introductions and Forced Medical Treatment. We need to provide at least two peer responses. I will provide one example post. You can write your peer responses keeping the above points in mind.

Closing

The PHIL 210 Week 1 Discussion: Introductions and Forced Medical Treatment emphasizes the importance of understanding one’s values and their influence on ethical decision-making in healthcare. By reflecting on your identity and analyzing a real-world ethical dilemma, you can gain a deeper understanding of the complexities of ethics in healthcare. The key takeaway is the recognition that moral decision-making is profoundly personal and rooted in one’s value system, which requires continuous reflection and learning. The PHIL 210 upcoming module Week 1 Reflection Paper 1 revolves around the Who are you?

PHIL 210 Week 1 Reflection Paper 1: Who Are You?

Instructions for PHIL 210 Week 1 Reflection Paper 1

Reflection Paper 1: Who are you?

New Attempt

• Due May 12 by 11:59 pm

• Points 20

• Submitting a file upload

• File Types doc, docx, and pdf

Purpose

When addressing ethical issues, you first need a firm grasp on what you believe to solidify what you will and will not represent. Therefore, this reflection paper assignment is designed to do just that. Once you have your “whats” firmly established, applying ethics in your life becomes easier.

Using reflection to digest and expand your thoughts about things you get from external sources like textbooks or social media, is a great habit to get into. However, reflecting on internal things like your own views/opinions becomes really important as you begin to understand why you believe what you believe or why you may feel one way about this subject vs. another. We use reflection in this course to help you become well-versed in challenging your own thoughts and understandings so when challenged by someone or something else, you can respond in a level-headed and appropriate manner. 

Task

• Compose a reflection paper, according to the guidelinesLinks to an external site., in response to the instructions below. 

Instructions

1. Think about your personal set of influences, values, and moral compass. 
2. Respond to the following prompts:

• Based on the reading this week about personal value systems and how they can influence your ethical code, answer the following question: Who are you, really?

Your response needs to be AT LEAST 2 pages long The submission should be double-spaced, 12pt Times New Roman font Due by Sunday at 11:59 pm

Introduction to PHIL 210 Week One Reflection Paper

The PHIL 210 Week 1 Reflection Paper 1: Who Are You? aims to help you understand and articulate your values and ethical beliefs and how they influence your decision-making processes in healthcare. By deeply reflecting on your values and experiences, you will gain clarity on your moral stance and be better prepared to navigate ethical challenges professionally. This PHIL 210 How-To Guide provides a structured approach to writing a reflection paper on ethics in healthcare.

Think about your set of influences, values, and moral compass.

Reflect on Personal Values

We will reflect on our values to start the PHIL 210 Week 1 Reflection Paper 1: Who Are You?

• Think deeply about your value system. 
• What core values do you hold? 
• How have these values been shaped by your experiences, culture, and beliefs?

Reflecting on our values requires deep introspection. My core values, which guide my actions and decisions, include integrity, empathy, respect, and diligence. Integrity, for instance, underscores my commitment to honesty and moral principles. This value is pivotal in establishing trust and credibility in personal and professional relationships.

Empathy, another cornerstone of my value system, emphasises the importance of understanding and sharing the feelings of others. This value drives me to be compassionate and supportive, which is crucial in healthcare, where patient care and emotional support are paramount.

Respect is a value deeply ingrained in me, shaped by cultural and familial influences. Growing up in a multicultural environment, I learned to appreciate and honour diverse perspectives and backgrounds. This respect for diversity is essential in healthcare, where professionals interact with patients from various walks of life.

Diligence, reflecting my dedication and hard work, is a value reinforced through my academic and professional experiences. It motivates me to strive for excellence and to persevere through challenges, ensuring that I provide the best possible care to patients.

Based on this week’s reading about personal value systems and how they can influence your ethical code.

Influence on Ethical Code

Next, in PHIL 210 Week 1 Reflection Paper 1: Who Are You? We will discuss the influence of the ethical code.

• Consider how your values influence your ethical code. 
• How do they impact your decision-making processes and ethical judgments, especially in healthcare?

My values significantly influence my ethical code, shaping my decisions and judgments, particularly in healthcare. Integrity, for example, ensures that I adhere to ethical guidelines and standards, avoiding malpractice or dishonesty. It drives me to maintain transparency with patients, providing them with accurate information to make informed decisions about their health.

Empathy impacts my ethical code by guiding me to prioritise patient welfare. It helps me understand their needs and concerns, ensuring my actions are patient-centred. For instance, in end-of-life care situations, empathy allows me to provide compassionate support, respecting patients’ wishes and dignity.

Respect for diversity influences my decision-making by promoting inclusivity and equity in healthcare. It drives me to advocate for fair treatment of all patients, regardless of their background, and to address discrimination. This value ensures that I provide culturally competent care, acknowledging and respecting each patient’s needs.

Diligence affects my ethical code by fostering a strong work ethic and commitment to continuous improvement. It ensures I stay updated with the latest medical knowledge and practices, providing high-quality care. This value also drives me to critically evaluate my decisions, ensuring they align with ethical standards and best practices in healthcare.

Answer the following question: Who are you?

Answer the Question: Who Are You?

In this section of PHIL 210 Week 1 Reflection Paper 1: Who Are You? We will synthesise our reflection into a coherent response to the given question.

• Synthesise your reflections into a coherent response to the question, “Who are you?” 
• Discuss the intersection of your identity, values, and ethical beliefs.

Synthesising my reflections, I am an individual whose identity is intricately woven with my values and ethical beliefs. My core values of integrity, empathy, respect, and diligence define me and guide my actions and decisions, particularly as a healthcare provider.

I believe in honesty and moral principles, ensuring transparency and trust in all interactions. My empathetic nature drives me to understand and support others, placing their needs at the forefront of my actions. Respect for diversity shapes my inclusive approach, advocating for equity and fairness in all circumstances. My diligent attitude reflects my commitment to excellence and continuous learning, ensuring that I provide the best possible care to my patients.

These values and ethical beliefs intersect to form my identity, influencing how I navigate ethical dilemmas in healthcare. For instance, my integrity ensures I uphold privacy standards in patient confidentiality situations. In contrast, my empathy and respect for patients guide me in handling their information with the utmost care and sensitivity.

In conclusion, my identity is rooted in a robust value system and ethical code. These elements not only define who I am but also guide my professional conduct and decision-making processes. By reflecting on and understanding my values, I am better equipped to face ethical challenges with confidence and integrity, ensuring I provide compassionate and ethical care to all my patients.

Closing

The PHIL 210 Week 1 Reflection Paper 1: Who Are You? It is an opportunity to explore and articulate your values and ethical beliefs, understanding how they shape your decision-making in healthcare. By critically analysing and synthesising your thoughts, you will gain deeper self-awareness and be better prepared to face ethical challenges with confidence and integrity. By following this Owlisdom How-To Guide, you can create a comprehensive and insightful reflection paper demonstrating your understanding of healthcare ethics and your ethical framework. Next module, we will explore PHIL 210 Module Two on Terminating a Patient & The Patient Care Partnership.

PHIL 210 Module Two Discussion: Terminating a Patient & The Patient Care Partnership

Instructions for PHIL 210 Module Two Discussion

Discussion Board 2: Terminating a Patient & The Patient Care Partnership

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Purpose

As mentioned in the introduction for this week, there is a side to providing healthcare that nobody likes to focus on, and that is profitability, liability, and what a balanced patient-healthcare provider looks like. This discussion is designed to get you thinking about some of those not-so-comfortable parts of providing healthcare services. 

Task:

• Read the scenarios below, then compose an original post by answering all of the scenario questions before Thursday @ 5:00 pm. Then respond to 2 peers.

Instructions:

1. Answer all prompts listed for the following 2 scenarios:

• # 1: Terminating a Patient
  • Read the following articles:
    • Bryan Takes Flak for Promoting Use of MasksLinks to an external site. – LJS Username: heatherstclair | Password: LJS-news-BCHS15
    • Controversy on COVID-19Links to an external site.
    • This isn’t about the mask, it’s about control’Links to an external site.
  • Prompts
    • Considering the COVID pandemic, masks are a hot topic. What is your response to the person who says wearing masks are dangerous?
    • In regards to the Costco article, do you agree or disagree that wearing a mask is about control?
    • Do you think that students should wear masks while in class? Does your opinion change if you think about college-aged students vs. elementary school students?
    • Is a patient not wearing a mask to their healthcare provider sufficient grounds for patient dismissal? Why or why not?
• # 2: The Patient Care Partnership
  • Prompts:
    • Considering the Patient’s Bill of Rights and the Patient Care Partnership, what do you think was the original goal of creating such documents?
    • Do you think that these documents alone have done as intended? With all the oversight within the healthcare industry do we need more?
    • Is it good practice to allow outside entities to establish doctrines that dictate patient treatment or should it be left up to the individual providers?
    • If left up to the individual provider, what issues could that cause?

Original Post: Due Thursday by 5:00 pm Response Post: Due Sunday by 11:59 pm

Introduction to PHIL 210 Module Two Discussion 

The PHIL 210 Module Two Discussion: Terminating a Patient & The Patient Care Partnership aims to provide students with a structured approach to addressing ethical issues in healthcare. It specifically focuses on the complex scenarios of terminating a patient and understanding the Patient Care Partnership. These scenarios encourage critical thinking about the delicate balance between patient care, provider responsibilities, and overarching ethical principles. This Owlisdom How-To Guide will teach students how to analyze and respond to these challenging situations thoughtfully.

# 1: Terminating a Patient. Read the following articles: Prompts. Considering the COVID pandemic, masks are a hot topic. What is your response to the person who says wearing masks is dangerous? Regarding the Costco article, do you agree or disagree that wearing a mask is about control? Do you think that students should wear masks while in class? Does your opinion change if you think about college-aged students vs. elementary school students? Is a patient not wearing a mask to their healthcare provider sufficient grounds for dismissal? Why or why not?

Terminating a Patient

To start the PHIL 210 Module Two Discussion: Terminating a Patient & The Patient Care Partnership, we will discuss scenario one by addressing the points below.

• Begin by thoroughly reading the provided articles to understand the different perspectives on mask usage during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Summarize the key points from each article, noting the arguments for and against mask-wearing.
• Develop a reasoned response to the claim that wearing masks is dangerous.
• Use scientific evidence and public health guidelines to support your position, addressing common misconceptions about mask safety.
• Reflect on the assertion that mask mandates are about control.
• Consider the ethical implications of public health mandates versus individual freedoms, and articulate your agreement or disagreement with the statement, providing well-reasoned arguments.
• Guideline: Evaluate whether students should wear masks in class, considering different age groups.
• Instruction: Discuss mask-wearing’s potential health benefits and psychological impacts for college-aged students versus elementary school students, supporting your opinion with relevant evidence.
• Analyze whether a patient not wearing a mask to their healthcare provider warrants dismissal.
• Consider the ethical and practical aspects of patient dismissal, including patient safety, provider responsibilities, and public health considerations. Provide a balanced argument for your stance.

Example

The articles present different perspectives on mask usage during COVID-19. One argues for masks’ public health benefits in reducing virus transmission, while another views mask mandates as a form of control, highlighting personal freedom concerns.

Response to Mask Safety Concerns

Addressing the claim that masks are dangerous requires scientific evidence. Studies show masks significantly reduce respiratory droplet spread, the primary transmission route for COVID-19 (CDC, 2020). Healthcare professionals debunk misconceptions, such as masks causing carbon dioxide retention or oxygen deficiency. Masks are safe for most individuals, including those with mild respiratory conditions, as they do not impede normal breathing (WHO, 2020).

Control Debate: Masks and Personal Freedom

The assertion that mask mandates are about control rather than health involves a complex ethical issue. While public health mandates can impinge on individual freedoms, they aim to protect the broader community. In healthcare, the primary goal is patient safety and reducing disease transmission. Therefore, while the notion of control has validity from a personal liberty standpoint, the ethical justification for mask mandates lies in their effectiveness in safeguarding public health. Balancing public health and individual freedom is delicate but necessary during pandemics.

Mask Policies in Educational Settings

Evaluating mask-wearing for students in class requires a nuanced approach. For college-aged students, masks help prevent outbreaks in densely populated environments where physical distancing is challenging. The health benefits are clear, as masks reduce the spread of the virus. However, the psychological impact, such as communication barriers and increased anxiety, must also be considered.

Younger elementary school students might struggle more with prolonged mask use due to discomfort and the need for constant reminders. Nevertheless, in both age groups, the health benefits of mask-wearing outweigh the challenges. Evidence suggests that school mask mandates significantly reduce transmission rates (AAP, 2021).

Patient Dismissal Over Mask Non-Compliance

Determining whether not wearing a mask is sufficient grounds for patient dismissal involves ethical and practical considerations. Ethically, healthcare providers must protect all patients and staff from potential harm. A patient refusing to wear a mask endangers others, particularly those with compromised immune systems. Practically, enforcing mask policies ensures a safe environment during a pandemic.

However, dismissal should be a last resort. Providers should first attempt to educate and persuade the patient about the importance of mask-wearing. If a patient consistently refuses and poses a significant risk, dismissal should be considered. This approach balances patient rights with the ethical duty to protect others’ health and safety.

Conclusion

The ethical implications of mask-wearing in healthcare and educational settings highlight the importance of balancing individual freedoms with public health responsibilities. Scientific evidence supports masks’ efficacy in reducing COVID-19 transmission, making mandates justifiable despite personal control concerns. Although practical challenges exist in educational environments, masks benefit all age groups. Patient dismissal over mask non-compliance should prioritize education and safety, emphasizing the complex interplay between ethics, public health, and personal freedom in healthcare decisions.

# 2: The Patient Care Partnership Prompts: Considering the Patient’s Bill of Rights and the Patient Care Partnership, what do you think was the original goal of creating such documents? Do you think that these documents have done as intended? With all the oversight within the healthcare industry, do we need more? Is it good practice to allow outside entities to establish doctrines that dictate patient treatment, or should it be left up to the individual providers? If left up to the individual provider, what issues could that cause?

The Patient Care Partnership

Next, in PHIL 210 Module Two Discussion: Terminating a Patient & The Patient Care Partnership. We will explore scenario two. To solve this, we will discuss the points below.

• Investigate the historical context and original objectives of these documents.
• Write a brief overview of the intended goals, focusing on patient empowerment, protection, and promoting high-quality care.
• Evaluate whether these documents have achieved their intended purposes.
• Discuss the successes and limitations of the Patient’s Bill of Rights and the Patient Care Partnership in improving patient care and rights protection.
• Consider the necessity and impact of external entities establishing healthcare doctrines.
• Argue for or against the involvement of external organizations in dictating patient treatment policies, weighing the benefits of standardized care against the need for provider autonomy.
• Reflect on the potential issues that could arise if individual providers set their treatment guidelines.
• Discuss the risks of variability in care quality, ethical inconsistencies, and potential patient harm. Provide suggestions for mitigating these risks if provider-specific doctrines were implemented.

Example

Historical Context and Original Objectives

The Patient’s Bill of Rights and the Patient Care Partnership were established to empower patients, protect their rights, and promote high-quality care. Historically, these documents emerged in response to growing concerns about patient mistreatment and the need for greater transparency and accountability in healthcare. The primary goals were to ensure that patients understood their rights, received respectful and ethical treatment, and had access to the necessary information to make informed decisions about their care.

Evaluation of Effectiveness

These documents have achieved significant success in raising awareness about patient rights and establishing standards for patient care. They have led to improvements in how patients are treated, ensuring they receive comprehensive information about their conditions and treatment options. The emphasis on patient empowerment and protection has fostered a more patient-centered approach in healthcare.

However, there are limitations. While the documents provide a framework for patient rights, their implementation varies across healthcare settings. There is still a need for consistent enforcement and monitoring to ensure that the principles outlined are upheld in practice. Additionally, some argue that these documents alone are insufficient to address all the complexities and challenges in patient care, necessitating further oversight and enhancements.

The Role of External Entities in Healthcare Doctrines

External entities, such as government agencies and professional organizations, are crucial in establishing healthcare doctrines. Standardized policies ensure consistent care and protect patients from unethical practices. These organizations can provide a comprehensive and balanced approach to patient care, integrating diverse perspectives and expertise.

However, there is a debate about whether it is beneficial for these external bodies to dictate patient treatment policies. Standardized care guidelines help maintain quality and safety across the healthcare system. On the other hand, excessive regulation can limit provider autonomy, stifling innovation and responsiveness to individual patient needs.

Potential Issues with Provider-Specific Guidelines

Allowing individual providers to set their treatment guidelines could lead to significant variability in care quality. This approach risks creating ethical inconsistencies, as different providers may have varying standards and interpretations of moral principles. Such variability can result in unequal treatment, potential patient harm, and confusion about patient rights and expectations.

To mitigate these risks, it is essential to establish a balance between standardized guidelines and provider autonomy. Providers should have the flexibility to tailor care to individual patients while adhering to core ethical standards and principles. Continuous education, moral training, and effective oversight mechanisms can help ensure that provider-specific doctrines do not compromise patient care quality and safety.

Conclusion

The Patient’s Bill of Rights and the Patient Care Partnership have significantly improved patient care and rights protection. While these documents have made strides in empowering patients and setting care standards, their implementation and enforcement need further enhancement. External entities play a vital role in ensuring standardized care, but a balance with provider autonomy is necessary to address individual patient needs effectively. We can achieve high-quality, ethical, and patient-centered healthcare by combining standardized guidelines with tailored care approaches.

Closing

The PHIL 210 Module Two Discussion: Terminating a Patient & The Patient Care Partnership challenges students to engage deeply with ethical issues in healthcare, encouraging them to consider various perspectives and the broader implications of their decisions. By critically analyzing these scenarios, students will develop a nuanced understanding of the balance between patient care, ethical principles, and provider responsibilities. The key takeaway is the importance of thoughtful reflection and evidence-based reasoning in navigating complex moral dilemmas in healthcare.

You can also read the next module two paper of the guide PHIL 210 on Terminating a Patient & The Patient Care Partnership.

PHIL 210 Module Two Paper: Terminating a Patient & The Patient Care Partnership

Instructions for PHIL 210 Module Two Paper

Reflection Paper 2: What do you think?

New Attempt

• Due May 19 by 11:59 pm

• Points 20

• Submitting a file upload

• File Types docx, doc, and pdf

Purpose

Confidentiality is a huge topic in healthcare. This week’s reflection paper centers around your beliefs about what should and should not be kept confidential. 

This reflection paper is designed to get you thinking about both topics covered this week. Some things we as a society consider acceptable/standard practices may be in contrast to your own personal beliefs. Meaning as a professional, you may be expected to act in a way that would be the opposite of how you choose to live your life outside of work. Therein lies the kind of contradiction we’re looking to explore. 

Task

• Compose a reflection paper, according to the guidelinesLinks to an external site., in response to the instructions below. 

Instructions

1. Read through the following scenarios and compose your 2+ page reflection paper.

• HIV Positive Healthcare Professionals. 
  • Do you believe that healthcare professionals who are HIV positive should be required to disclose their positive status to patients prior to working with them? 
  • Provide a possible justification for keeping their HIV status private with rationale. 
• Social Media. Things are really slow during your shift at work, so you decide to break policy and use your phone to check social media. While scrolling through your feed, you happen to see a co-worker’s post. Your colleague is at lunch, so posting isn’t an issue. However, the picture of their lunch plate clearly shows a beer bottle in the upper corner of the picture.
  • What do you do next?
  • Does your answer change knowing that if you disclose that you were on social media on the clock, you’ll likely be disciplined with a write up (having a write up in your record will disqualify you from promotion or unit transfer for a full year) 

Your response needs to be AT LEAST 2 pages long The submission should be double-spaced, 12pt Times New Roman font Due by Sunday at 11:59 pm

Rubric

Reflection Papers (1)

Introduction to PHIL 210 Module Two Paper

Confidentiality is a cornerstone of ethical practice in healthcare. PHIL 210 Module Two Paper: Terminating a Patient & The Patient Care Partnership helps you to reflect on your personal beliefs and understand how these may align or conflict with professional expectations. The objective is to critically examine these ethical dilemmas and articulate well-reasoned positions supported by logical arguments and evidence. This Owlisdom How-To Guide will help students navigate the complexities of confidentiality, particularly in scenarios involving HIV-positive healthcare professionals and the use of social media during work hours.

HIV Positive Healthcare Professionals. Do you believe that healthcare professionals who are HIV positive should be required to disclose their positive status to patients before working with them? Provide a possible justification for keeping their HIV status private with a rationale.

HIV Positive Healthcare Professionals

We will discuss HIV-positive healthcare professionals to start the PHIL 210 Module Two paper: Terminating a Patient & The Patient Care Partnership. 

• Begin by comprehensively understanding the ethical and professional implications of HIV-positive healthcare professionals disclosing their status to patients. Research relevant regulations, professional guidelines, and the potential impact on patient care and trust.
• Reflect on your personal beliefs regarding the disclosure of HIV status. Consider how your values, experiences, and the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, and non-maleficence shape these beliefs.
• Construct a rationale for why keeping HIV status private might be justified. Consider arguments about privacy rights, the effectiveness of universal precautions, and the potential for discrimination or stigma.

Example

HIV Positive Healthcare Professionals

Disclosure of HIV Status: Ethical and Professional Implications

The question of whether HIV-positive healthcare professionals should disclose their status to patients is complex, involving ethical and professional considerations. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), universal precautions are designed to prevent the transmission of HIV in healthcare settings. These guidelines emphasize that the risk of transmission from healthcare workers to patients is extremely low when proper precautions are followed. Thus, the necessity for disclosure is not supported by evidence of significant risk.

Personal Beliefs and Ethical Principles

Reflecting on personal beliefs regarding HIV status disclosure, it is essential to consider how values such as autonomy, beneficence, and non-maleficence influence these views. Autonomy respects patients’ right to make informed decisions about their care, which might suggest a need for disclosure. However, beneficence and non-maleficence, which focus on doing good and avoiding harm, support the idea that disclosure may not be necessary if it does not enhance patient safety and could instead lead to discrimination or stigma.

Justification for Keeping HIV Status Private

Justifying the privacy of an HIV-positive healthcare professional’s status can be rooted in arguments about privacy rights, the effectiveness of universal precautions, and the potential for discrimination. Privacy rights protect individuals from unwarranted intrusion into their personal health information. Universal precautions, as established by the CDC, effectively minimize the risk of HIV transmission, making disclosure redundant in terms of patient safety. Additionally, disclosing HIV status may expose healthcare professionals to discrimination and social stigma, potentially impacting their professional and personal lives adversely.

Social Media. Things are really slow during your shift at work, so you decide to break policy and use your phone to check social media. While scrolling through your feed, you see a co-worker’s post. Your colleague is at lunch, so posting isn’t an issue. However, the picture of their lunch plate clearly shows a beer bottle in the upper corner of the image. What do you do next? Does your answer change knowing that if you disclose that you were on social media on the clock, you’ll likely be disciplined with a write-up (having a write-up in your record will disqualify you from promotion or unit transfer for a full year)

Social Media Use During Work

Next, in PHIL 210 Module Two Paper: Terminating a Patient & The Patient Care Partnership. We will examine healthcare professionals’ use of social media during work.

• Examine the given scenario critically. Identify the key ethical and professional issues involved, such as policy violation, the potential impact on professional reputation, and the implications of your colleague’s behavior.
• Assess the situation using ethical frameworks and principles. Consider the duty of fidelity to your employer, the principle of honesty, and the possible outcomes of different actions.
• Reflect on the potential personal and professional consequences of your actions. Weigh the importance of adhering to a policy against the risks of being disciplined for checking social media during work hours.
• Develop a thoughtful and ethically sound response to the scenario. Articulate your steps and provide a rationale for your chosen course of action, balancing personal integrity with professional responsibility.

Example

Social Media Use During Work

Ethical and Professional Issues in the Scenario

Using social media during work raises several ethical and professional issues. The primary issue is violating workplace policy, which can affect professional reputation and career advancement. Additionally, observing a co-worker’s post with a beer bottle during lunch complicates the matter, as it could indicate potential unprofessional behavior, depending on workplace policies regarding alcohol consumption.

Ethical Decision-Making Frameworks

Applying ethical frameworks to this scenario involves considering principles such as fidelity to the employer, honesty, and the potential outcomes of different actions. Fidelity to the employer suggests adhering to workplace policies prohibiting social media use during work hours. Honesty would involve reporting the policy violation, but this could lead to personal repercussions, such as a write-up that affects future promotions or transfers.

Personal and Professional Consequences

Reflecting on the potential consequences, it is essential to weigh the importance of policy adherence against the risks of being disciplined. Reporting the incident may uphold professional integrity but could result in personal penalties, affecting career progression. Conversely, choosing not to report it could be seen as neglecting professional responsibilities.

Ethically Sound Response

A thoughtful and ethically sound response to this scenario would involve balancing personal integrity with professional responsibility. One approach could be to address the issue discreetly with the colleague, reminding them of the implications of their post without formally reporting the incident. This action respects the colleague’s privacy and professionalism while indirectly upholding the workplace policy. If the behavior persists, escalating the concern through appropriate channels may be necessary to maintain the professional standards of the workplace.

Closing

This PHIL 210 Module Two Paper: Terminating a Patient & The Patient Care Partnership challenges students to grapple with the ethical dilemmas of confidentiality in healthcare. By critically examining these scenarios, students will better understand the complexities involved in maintaining confidentiality while adhering to professional standards. The key takeaway is balancing personal beliefs with professional ethics to ensure ethical and effective patient care. You can also read the PHIL 210 next module three discussion on What would you do?

PHIL 210 Module Three Discussion: What would you do?

Instructions for PHIL 210 Module Three Discussion

Discussion Board 3: What would you do?

1111 unread replies.1111 replies.

Purpose

Being in healthcare you will need to be comfortable making quick decisions regarding patient interactions, treatment, interventions, etc. The decisions you make in any given day could likely have lasting implications for your patients for sure but does the decision-maker have any liability? Could you be held liable for decisions made, even if the situation warranted deciding without the luxury of having a complete understanding of the events leading up to the patient presenting to your care? This week’s discussion is designed to simulate situations very similar to that to get you thinking about what you would do if something like this ever happens on your watch. 

Task

• Read the scenarios below, then compose an original post by answering all of the scenario questions before Thursday @ 5:00 pm. Then respond to 2 peers.

Instructions

Read the following 4 scenarios and respond to all questions

• 
  
  
  • Scenario 1: A woman presents to a healthcare provider, giving a female name. She shows a drivers’ license that indicates her gender is “male.” Staff members recognize that this is a transgender female. The patient overhears the medical staff asking each other which name and gender pronouns they should use when talking to or about the patient. The staff’s discomfort causes the patient to feel uncomfortable. 

1. 
   
   
   1. 
      
      
      1. Legally, how should the staff address the patient? 
      2. How should the patient information be entered into the medical record? 
      3. What can staff do going forward to help the patient feel welcome?

• 
  
  
  • Scenario 2: Let’s assume you are working for a healthcare clinic. A coworker you consider a good friend is a nurse and looks upset. Noticing their demeanor, you ask if everything is okay. They respond by telling you that an 11-year-old patient with leg pain has come to the clinic with his mom. The mom has described her son as a jokester-type of kid that “falls down a lot” and “plays rough with his siblings”. Your friend goes on to say that the X-rays showed one new fracture along with several old fractures. When the mom steps out of the exam room, the patient says his injuries are not “accidents”. 

1. 
   
   
   1. 
      
      
      1. How do you advise your co-worker?
      2. If the kid is a jokester, could this be his immature way of pulling a prank? 
      3. Could your colleague be held liable if it turns out the kid is pulling a giant prank? 
      4. If they don’t report it, and it’s not a prank, what is their liability?

• 
  
  
  • Scenario 3:  Those with Medicare and Medicaid are typically the elderly, the disabled, or those from low-income households – the epitome of vulnerable populations. However, we the taxpayers subsidize the cost of these programs. Now, consider the times when a patient may be eligible for certain procedures or protocols even though the long-term benefits of those costly services cannot be guaranteed. This can happen if the provider deems the procedure a medical necessity. 

1. 
   
   
   1. 
      
      
      1. Should an elderly patient be given an organ transplant? 
      2. What about indefinite life support being given to a brain-dead patient?
      3. Should these insurers be required to pay for a procedure regardless of long-term payoff?

• 
  
  
  • Scenario 4: A family recently emigrated from Taiwan to Des Moines, IA. Two months after their arrival, the mother fell ill and was diagnosed with a metastatic gastric ulcer. The daughter, who was instrumental in bringing the family to Iowa, is a nurse employed in the coronary care unit. The family asked the oncologist and oncology nurse to relay all information to the daughter rather than the patient.

1. 
   
   

• 
  
  

1. What legal violation(s) would occur if the request is granted?
2. What ethical principles would be violated if the information was withheld from the mother?

1. Original Post: Due Thursday by 5:00 pm
2. Response Post: Due Sunday by 11:59 pm

Step-By-Step Guide on PHIL 210 Module Three Discussion: What would you do?

Introduction to PHIL 210 Module Three Discussion

PHIL 210 Module Three Discussion: What would you do? Discusses that in healthcare, professionals frequently face situations requiring quick, ethical, and legally sound decisions. This Owlisdom How-To Guide addresses common ethical dilemmas encountered in patient interactions, providing clear guidelines for responding to challenging scenarios. Through these scenarios, you will learn to navigate legal requirements and ethical principles to ensure patient well-being and compliance with healthcare standards.

Scenario 1: A woman presents to a healthcare provider, giving a female name. She shows a driver’s license that indicates her gender is “male.” Staff members recognize that this is a transgender female. The patient overhears the medical staff asking each other which name and gender pronouns they should use when talking to or about the patient. The staff’s discomfort causes the patient to feel uncomfortable. Legally, how should the staff address the patient? How should the patient information be entered into the medical record? What can staff do going forward to help the patient feel welcome?

Scenario 1: Addressing Transgender Patients

To start the PHIL 210 Module Three Discussion: What would you do? We will discuss each scenario one by one. In this scenario we will discuss addressing a transgender patient.

• Use the patient’s chosen name and gender pronouns, as mandated by non-discrimination laws. This respects the patient’s gender identity and aligns with legal obligations.
• Record the patient’s legal name and gender as per their identification documents for official purposes, while noting their chosen name and pronouns in the medical record to ensure respectful and accurate communication.
• Train staff on cultural competence and sensitivity, focusing on respectful interactions and the importance of using correct names and pronouns. Implement policies that support inclusivity and reduce discomfort for transgender patients.

Example

Scenario 1: Addressing Transgender Patients

When a transgender woman presents with a driver’s license indicating male gender, the staff should address her by her chosen name and pronouns, adhering to non-discrimination laws. Legally, this respect aligns with her gender identity. The patient’s legal name and gender should be recorded as per identification documents, but her chosen name and pronouns should be noted for respectful communication. To foster a welcoming environment, staff should undergo training on cultural competence and sensitivity, ensuring they interact respectfully and inclusively.

Scenario 2: Let’s assume you are working for a healthcare clinic. A coworker you consider a good friend is a nurse and looks upset. Noticing their demeanor, you ask if everything is okay. They respond by telling you an 11-year-old patient with leg pain has come to the clinic with his mom. The mom has described her son as a jokester-type of kid who “falls down a lot” and “plays rough with his siblings.” Your friend goes on to say that the X-rays showed one new fracture along with several old fractures. When the mom steps out of the exam room, the patient says his injuries are not “accidents.” How do you advise your co-worker? If the kid is a jokester, could this be his immature way of pulling a prank? Could your colleague be held liable if it turns out the kid is pulling a giant prank? If they don’t report it, and it’s not a prank, what is their liability?

Scenario 2: Addressing Suspected Child Abuse

Next, in PHIL 210 Module Three Discussion: What would you do? We will discuss addressing a patient who is a child abuse suspect.

• Encourage your co-worker to follow mandatory reporting laws by reporting the suspected abuse to child protective services or appropriate authorities. Provide support in documenting the observations and patient statements.
• Take all claims of abuse seriously. Even if the child has a history of joking, the presence of multiple fractures necessitates a thorough investigation. Prioritize the child’s safety and well-being.
• Explain that failing to report suspected abuse can result in legal consequences for the healthcare provider. Reporting protects both the child and the healthcare provider from potential liability.

Example

Scenario 2: Addressing Suspected Child Abuse

In the case of an 11-year-old with suspicious fractures, advise your co-worker to report the suspected abuse to child protective services, as mandated by law. Document observations and patient statements meticulously. Despite the child’s history of joking, multiple fractures warrant a serious investigation, prioritizing the child’s safety. Failure to report suspected abuse can result in legal consequences for the healthcare provider while reporting protects both the child and the provider from liability.

Scenario 3: Those with Medicare and Medicaid are typically the elderly, the disabled, or those from low-income households – the epitome of vulnerable populations. However, we, the taxpayers, subsidize the cost of these programs. Now, consider the times when a patient may be eligible for certain procedures or protocols even though the long-term benefits of those costly services cannot be guaranteed. This can happen if the provider deems the procedure a medical necessity. Should an elderly patient be given an organ transplant? What about indefinite life support being given to a brain-dead patient? Should these insurers be required to pay for a procedure regardless of long-term payoff?

Scenario 3: Healthcare Decisions for Vulnerable Populations

In this scenario of PHIL 210 Module Three Discussion: What would you do? We will discuss the healthcare decisions that healthcare professionals have to make for vulnerable papulations of patients.

• Evaluate the patient’s overall health, potential for recovery, and quality of life post-transplant. Consider ethical principles of beneficence (doing good) and justice (fair allocation of resources).
• Discuss with family members and the healthcare team the patient’s prognosis, quality of life, and previously expressed wishes. Use ethical principles of autonomy (respecting patients’ wishes) and non-maleficence (avoiding harm).
• Consider the cost-benefit ratio of procedures and the ethical implications of resource allocation. Insurers should balance providing necessary care with the sustainable use of funds guided by principles of justice and fairness.

Example

Scenario 3: Healthcare Decisions for Vulnerable Populations

For elderly patients needing organ transplants or brain-dead patients on life support, decisions should be guided by ethical principles. Evaluate the patient’s health, recovery potential, and quality of life post-transplant. Discuss the prognosis, quality of life, and patient’s wishes with the family and healthcare team. Decisions should balance beneficence, autonomy, and non-maleficence. Insurers should consider the cost-benefit ratio of procedures and ethical resource allocation, balancing necessary care with sustainable fund use guided by justice and fairness.

Scenario 4: A family recently emigrated from Taiwan to Des Moines, IA. Two months after their arrival, the mother fell ill and was diagnosed with a metastatic gastric ulcer. The daughter, who was instrumental in bringing the family to Iowa, is a nurse employed in the coronary care unit. The family asked the oncologist and oncology nurse to relay all information to the daughter rather than the patient. What legal violation(s) would occur if the request is granted? What ethical principles would be violated if the information was withheld from the mother?

Scenario 4: Patient Information Confidentiality

Here, in PHIL 210 Module Three Discussion: What would you do? We will discuss patient information confidentiality.

• Inform the family that the patient has the right to receive information about their own health. Withholding information without the patient’s consent can lead to legal violations of patient rights and confidentiality laws.
• Uphold the ethical principles of autonomy (respecting the patient’s right to know and make decisions) and beneficence (acting in the patient’s best interest). Ensure that information is communicated directly to the patient unless they explicitly designate a representative.

Example

Scenario 4: Patient Information Confidentiality

For a newly emigrated family asking to relay medical information to a daughter rather than the patient, inform them that the patient has the right to know about their own health. Withholding information without consent violates patient rights and confidentiality laws. Uphold ethical principles of autonomy and beneficence by ensuring direct communication with the patient unless they designate a representative.

Closing 

Healthcare professionals must navigate complex ethical and legal landscapes in patient care. This How-To Guide of PHIL 210 Module Three Discussion: What would you do? Has provided structured approaches to addressing ethical dilemmas in diverse scenarios, emphasizing the importance of legal compliance, ethical principles, and patient-centered care. By applying these guidelines, you will be better equipped to make informed, ethical decisions that uphold the integrity of the healthcare profession. You can also read PHIL 210 next module three paper on Healthcare Reform & Death with Dignity?

PHIL 210 Module Three Paper: Healthcare Reform & Death with Dignity

Instructions of PHIL 210 Module Three Paper

Reflection Paper 3: Healthcare Reform & Death with Dignity

Purpose

These two subjects can provoke serious reactions from people involved in the decisions. So, let’s take this opportunity to think through our beliefs on these two topics and really explore the topics.

Task

• Compose a reflection paper, according to the guidelinesLinks to an external site., in response to the instructions below. 

Instructions

1. Read through the following scenarios and compose your 2+ page reflection paper

• Healthcare consolidation is a reality those of us here in the midwest know all too well. The article below discusses a number of different issues about the future of healthcare.
  • What are your thoughts about mergers and consolidations in healthcare? Is this a good or bad thing?
  • As an employee, what changes would working in a consolidated hospital bring?
  • How could consolidations help the delivery of healthcare in rural settings or in our country? Or would it cause more harm than good?
    ‘Downton Abbey’ takes a realistic look at health reformLinks to an external site.
• The Right to Die. In 2016, Nebraska joined the debate about possible legislation on death with dignity. https://youtu.be/yPfe3rCcUeQ
  • Watch this video on Brittney Maynard
  • Then, read the articles linked below
    • Lawmaker wants a bill to allow the use of life-ending drugsLinks to an external site.
      • LJS Username: heatherstclair | Password: LJS-news-BCHS15
    • Death with Dignity: State of Nebraska HistoryLinks to an external site.
  • Lastly, advocate for the following:
    • Make a case that passing this law would be an act of compassion to the patient
    • Make a case that passing this legislation would be enabling healthcare professionals to help kill their patients
    • In the context of this debate, you have been asked to advocate for a treatment plan that you personally do not agree with. Do you think as a healthcare professional it will be hard for you to advocate for a course of treatment that you personally/professionally may not agree with?

Your response needs to be AT LEAST 2 pages long The submission should be double spaced, 12pt Times New Roman font Due by Sunday at 11:59 pm

Rubric

Reflection Papers (1)

PreviousNext

Presentation Topic Selected

Submit Your Presentation Topic

This week, you need to submit the topic of your Ethical Issue Presentation. Presentations will be givenin the last week of class. See below for guidelines for the presentation. 

Guidelines for the Ethical Issue PresentationLinks to an external site.

Introduction to PHIL 210 Module Three Paper

The PHIL 210 Module Three Paper: Healthcare Reform & Death with Dignity explores complex ethical issues in healthcare, focusing on the impacts of healthcare consolidation and the right-to-die legislation. You will analyze scenarios to understand moral dilemmas better, formulating thoughtful responses based on provided resources. This Owlisdom How-To Guide aims to prepare you for real-world ethical decision-making in healthcare settings.

Healthcare consolidation is a reality that those in the Midwest know all too well. The article below discusses several issues related to the future of healthcare. What are your thoughts about mergers and consolidations in healthcare? Is this a good or bad thing? As an employee, what changes would working in a consolidated hospital bring? How could consolidations help the delivery of healthcare in rural settings or our country? Or would it cause more harm than good? ‘Downton Abbey’ takes a realistic look at health reform. The Right to Die. In 2016, Nebraska joined the debate about possible legislation on death with dignity. Watch this video on Brittney Maynard, then read the articles linked below: Lawmaker wants a bill to allow the use of life-ending drugs.

Scenario 1: Healthcare Consolidation

To write the PHIL 210 Module Three paper, Healthcare Reform & Death with Dignity, we will discuss scenario one: healthcare consolidation.

Evaluating Mergers and Consolidations in Healthcare

• Begin by reading the provided article and reflecting on the pros and cons of healthcare mergers and consolidations. 
• Consider how these changes might impact patient care, cost efficiency, and access to healthcare services.
• Articulate your thoughts on whether mergers and consolidations are beneficial or detrimental, providing evidence and examples from the article and other reputable sources.

Changes for Employees in Consolidated Hospitals

• Reflect on how consolidations might affect employees, including job security, workload, and professional development opportunities.
• Discuss potential changes in work culture, management practices, and employee morale. Consider both positive and negative outcomes.

Impact on Healthcare Delivery in Rural Settings

• Evaluate how healthcare consolidations could affect the delivery of services in rural areas.
• Analyze whether consolidations could improve access to specialized care or lead to reduced local services. Support your analysis with examples and data.

Example

Scenario 1: Healthcare Consolidation

Healthcare consolidation, characterized by mergers and acquisitions, is prevalent in the Midwest and has sparked extensive debate. Mergers and consolidations can positively and negatively affect the healthcare system. On the positive side, consolidations can increase efficiency, improve patient care, and enhance access to specialized services (Ribeiro & Cavalcanti, 2020). Economies of scale can reduce costs, allowing hospitals to invest in advanced medical technologies and better staff training. Additionally, consolidated healthcare systems can provide more comprehensive care by integrating various services under one umbrella, which is particularly beneficial in rural areas where access to specialized care is often limited.

However, there are significant downsides to consider. Consolidations can create monopolies, reducing competition and potentially leading to higher patient healthcare costs. Moreover, employees might face job insecurity, increased workloads, and changes in management practices, which can negatively impact morale and job satisfaction (Berenson & Murray, 2022). The shift in work culture might also result in a less personalized patient care experience, as considerable healthcare systems can become more bureaucratic.

In rural settings, the impact of healthcare consolidations can be mixed. On one hand, consolidations can improve access to specialized care by pooling resources and expertise. On the other hand, they might lead to the closure of smaller, local hospitals, forcing patients to travel longer distances for care. This could exacerbate healthcare disparities in rural communities.

Lastly, advocate for the following: Make a case that passing this law would be an act of compassion for the patient. Make a case that passing this legislation would enable healthcare professionals to help kill their patients. You have been asked to advocate for a undesirable treatment plan in this debate. As a healthcare professional, do you think it will be hard to advocate for a course of treatment that you personally/professionally may disagree with?

Scenario 2: The Right to Die

Next, in PHIL 210 Module Three Paper: Healthcare Reform & Death with Dignity. We will explore the patient’s right to die.

Compassionate Case for Life-Ending Legislation

• Watch the video on Brittney Maynard and read the provided articles. Understand the arguments for life-ending legislation as acts of compassion.
• Make a case supporting this legislation by highlighting the potential relief from suffering, respect for patient autonomy, and compassionate care.

Ethical Concerns of Enabling Life-Ending Practices

• Reflect on the ethical dilemmas healthcare professionals face when life-ending drugs are permitted.
• Present arguments against the legislation, emphasizing the potential risks of abuse, the sanctity of life, and the moral burden on healthcare providers.

Advocating for Treatment Plans Against Personal Beliefs

• Consider the professional responsibilities and ethical principles involved when advocating for treatment plans you might disagree with.
• Discuss the importance of maintaining professional integrity, respecting patient autonomy, and navigating personal and professional conflicts in healthcare.

Example

Scenario 2: The Right to Die

The debate over the right to die, particularly the use of life-ending drugs, is complex and emotionally charged. Advocates argue that passing life-ending legislation is an act of compassion, allowing terminally ill patients to end their suffering and die with dignity. This perspective emphasizes respect for patient autonomy, enabling individuals to decide about their lives and deaths. The case of Brittany Maynard, who chose to end her life to avoid prolonged suffering from terminal cancer, highlights the importance of providing patients with the option to die on their own terms (Maynard, n.d.).

However, there are ethical concerns about enabling life-ending practices. Opponents argue that such legislation could lead to potential abuses and a slippery slope where the value of human life is diminished. Healthcare professionals might face moral and ethical dilemmas, such as assisting in life-ending procedures conflicts with the Hippocratic Oath, not to harm. The sanctity of life is a fundamental principle in medical ethics, and permitting life-ending drugs challenges this core belief.

Advocating for treatment plans contradicting personal beliefs is another ethical challenge for healthcare professionals. Maintaining professional integrity requires respecting patient autonomy and the right to make informed decisions about their care. Navigating these conflicts necessitates a balance between personal values and professional responsibilities. Healthcare providers must separate their personal beliefs from their professional duties, ensuring patients receive unbiased and compassionate care.

Closing

The PHIL 210 Module Three Paper: Healthcare Reform & Death with Dignity. Challenges you to critically assess ethical dilemmas in healthcare consolidation and the right to die. By analyzing these scenarios, you will develop nuanced perspectives on complex issues, preparing them for moral decision-making in their professional careers. Key takeaways include understanding the multifaceted impacts of healthcare policies and the importance of balancing personal beliefs with professional responsibilities in patient care. In the upcoming module of PHIL 210, we will explore Patient Bias & Ethical Implications of EMR.

References

Berenson, R. A., & Murray, R. B. (2022). How Price Regulation Is Needed To Advance Market Competition: A Study examines the need for price regulation in US health care. Health Affairs, 41(1), 26–34.

Maynard, B. (n.d.). Is Physician-Assisted Suicide the way to a good death?

Ribeiro, S. P., & Cavalcanti, M. de L. T. (2020). Primary Health Care and Coordination of Care: Device to increase access and improve quality. Ciencia & Saude Coletiva, 25, 1799–1808.

PHIL 210 Module Four Discussion: Patient Bias & Ethical Implications of EMR

Instructions for PHIL 210 Module Four Discussion

Discussion Board 4: Patient Bias & Ethical Implications of EMR

No unread replies replies.

Purpose

This week’s discussion dives right into the issue of having patients with views different from your own. This is something that can get heated really fast. Therefore, this opportunity was designed to give you a space to work through your thoughts and attempt to solidify your feelings and actions before you are presented with a real situation.

Task

• Read the articles linked below then compose an original post by answering all of the scenario questions before Thursday @ 5:00 pm. Then respond to 2 peers.

Instructions

1. Scenario 1:
   1. Read Mayo Clinic’s 5-Step Policy for Responding to Bias IncidentsLinks to an external site.
   2. Next, review the following scenario

• You work in a healthcare facility and are in charge of assigning staff to patients. One patient’s family contacts you to complain about one of your employees. The family requests that your staff member cover his tattoos or not work with their mom, as it is causing her considerable stress and anxiety.

Last, respond to all of the questions: 

• What do you do?
• Is this workplace discrimination or looking out for the patient’s welfare?
• How would your response be different if the family requested:
  • Only female employees work with their mom?
  • Mom is only treated by white employees?

Scenario 2:

• Read through these two articles
  • Electronic Health Records: Privacy, Confidentiality, and SecurityLinks to an external site.
  • Should Immigration Status Information Be Considered Protected Health Information? Links to an external site.
  • Charting BloopersLinks to an external site.
• Then respond to the following prompts:
  • What are your thoughts…is EMR a good thing? 
  • Of the ethical implications discussed in this article, which one is the most concerning to you? What can you in your future role do to avoid implications like this?
  • Next, think about the implications of poor grammar, misspellings, etc. in a patient’s medical record. What can you do as an undergraduate student to better prepare yourself for your future documentation?
  • What are our thoughts on what should be included in your medical history? Specifically, should the patient’s immigration status, gender, sexual orientation, and religion be included? Don’t just state your belief, but justify.
  • Lastly, who owns the medical records? Do you agree with that? Why or why not? 

1. Original Post: Due Thursday by 5:00 pm
2. Response Post: Due Sunday by 11:59 pm

Introduction to PHIL 210 Module Four Discussion

The PHIL 210 Module Four Discussion: Patient Bias & Ethical Implications of EMR provides a comprehensive framework for addressing ethical dilemmas in healthcare. You will better understand ethical considerations and improve your decision-making skills by navigating through scenarios involving bias incidents and electronic health records. This Owlisdom How-To Guide will offer clear and concise instructions to effectively tackle each part of your assignment.

Scenario 1: Read Mayo Clinic’s 5-Step Policy for Responding to Bias Incidents. Next, review the following scenario: You work in a healthcare facility and are in charge of assigning staff to patients. One patient’s family contacts you to complain about one of your employees. The family requests that your staff member cover his tattoos or not work with their mom, as it is causing her considerable stress and anxiety. Last, respond to all of the questions: What do you do? Is this workplace discrimination or looking out for the patient’s welfare? How would your response be different if the family requested: Only female employees work with their moms? Is mom only treated by white employees?

Scenario 1: Responding to Bias Incidents

To start the PHIL 210 Module Four Discussion: Patient Bias & Ethical Implications of EMR, we will explore scenario one by responding to bias incidents.

• Read Mayo Clinic’s 5-Step Policy for Responding to Bias Incidents: Familiarize yourself with each step in the policy to understand the standard procedures for addressing bias incidents.
• Scenario Description: You are responsible for assigning staff to patients. A patient’s family complains about an employee’s tattoos and requests the employee to either cover them or not work with the patient due to the stress and anxiety caused.
• What do you do? Consider the policy guidelines and ethical principles. Think about balancing patient welfare and employee rights.
• Workplace Discrimination or Patient Welfare? Reflect on whether accommodating the request constitutes discrimination or a legitimate concern for the patient’s well-being.
• Different Family Requests: Evaluate the implications if the family requests only female or white employees. Analyze these scenarios through the lens of anti-discrimination policies and patient care standards.

Example

In Scenario 1, we explore the complex issue of responding to bias incidents in healthcare settings. The Mayo Clinic’s 5-Step Policy for Responding to Bias Incidents provides a structured approach to handling such situations, recognizing bias, ensuring safety, providing support, documenting incidents, and implementing systemic changes.

In the scenario presented, a patient’s family complains about an employee’s tattoos, requesting that the employee cover them or not work with their mother due to the stress and anxiety it causes. As the person responsible for staff assignments, my response would be guided by the Mayo Clinic’s policy and ethical principles.

First, I would ensure the situation is approached with sensitivity and respect for all parties involved. I would listen to the family’s concerns and explain that our staff’s appearance, including tattoos, is part of their expression and does not impact their professional capabilities. However, I would explore whether the employee is comfortable covering the tattoos temporarily to alleviate the patient’s immediate stress, provided this request does not set a precedent for discriminatory practices.

Read through these two articles. Electronic Health Records: Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security. Should Immigration Status Information Be Considered Protected Health Information? Charting Bloopers. What are your thoughts…is EMR a good thing? Which ethical implications discussed in this article are the most concerning to you? What can you do in your future role to avoid consequences like this? Next, consider the implications of poor grammar, misspellings, etc., in a patient’s medical record. What can you do as an undergraduate student to better prepare for your future documentation? What are our thoughts on what should be included in your medical history? Specifically, should the patient’s immigration status, gender, sexual orientation, and religion be included? Don’t just state your belief, but justify it. Lastly, who owns the medical records? Do you agree with that? Why or why not?

Scenario 2: Ethical Implications in Electronic Health Records (EHR)

Here, in PHIL 210 Module Four Discussion: Patient Bias & Ethical Implications of EMR. We will discuss the ethical implications of electronic health records by analyzing the articles.

• Read the Articles: Gain a thorough understanding of the ethical implications of electronic health records, privacy, confidentiality, and security.
• Thoughts on EMR: Consider the benefits and drawbacks of electronic medical records. Support your opinion with evidence from the articles.
• Most Concerning Ethical Implication: Identify the issue that stands out most. Explain why it is concerning and propose strategies to mitigate it in your future role.
• Implications of Poor Documentation: Reflect on the impact of poor grammar and misspellings in medical records. Suggest ways you can improve your documentation skills.
• Inclusion in Medical History: Discuss what personal information should be included in medical records (e.g., immigration status, gender, sexual orientation, religion). Justify your stance with reasoned arguments.
• Ownership of Medical Records: Determine who owns medical records and whether you agree with this ownership. Provide a rationale for your opinion.

Example

This situation treads a fine line between workplace discrimination and patient welfare. While addressing patient anxiety is essential, upholding anti-discrimination policies and respecting employees’ rights is equally crucial. Accommodating such requests could unintentionally reinforce biases and contribute to a discriminatory workplace environment.

My response would differ significantly if the family requested only female or white employees. These requests directly violate anti-discrimination laws and ethical standards. I would firmly explain that staff assignments are based on qualifications and availability, not gender or race. Accommodating such requests would be discriminatory and unacceptable.

In summary, resolving bias incidents necessitates a balanced approach. This approach, which respects patient welfare and employee rights, is the key to fostering a harmonious and inclusive healthcare environment. By adhering to ethical principles and established policies, healthcare professionals can effectively navigate these challenging scenarios and uphold the integrity of their practice.

Respond to 2 peers.

Peer Responses

According to PHIL 210 Module Four Discussion: Patient Bias & Ethical Implications of EMR instructions, we are supposed to write two peer responses. I have addressed the given instructions in one response. Following these instructions, you can write your peer responses to Module 4 Discussion without a hassle.

• Respond to Two Colleagues: Provide constructive feedback on the discussion posts of at least two peers. 
• Aim to enhance the discussion by offering insights or alternative perspectives.

Example

Response 01

Hey Sam, nice post! You effectively highlighted the importance of following anti-discrimination policies while considering patient needs. Your approach to handling requests for female or white employees was powerful, emphasizing ethical standards. Well, you were done maintaining a respectful yet firm stance. Keep up the insightful work!

Response 02

Responding to peers is vital to the PHIL 210 Module Four Discussion: Patient Bias & Ethical Implications of EMR post. We need to provide at least two peer responses. I will provide one example post. You can write your peer responses keeping the above points in mind.

Closing

Following this How-To Guide of PHIL 210 Module Four Discussion: Patient Bias & Ethical Implications of EMR will equip you to analyze and respond critically to ethical dilemmas in healthcare settings. Key takeaways include understanding the balance between patient welfare and employee rights, the importance of accurate documentation, and the ethical considerations surrounding personal information in medical records. Engaging with these scenarios will help you develop the skills needed for moral decision-making in your future healthcare career. In the upcoming module of PHIL 210, we will explore Hi-Ho, Hi-Ho, It’s off to Court we Go!

PHIL 210 Module Four Short Paper: Hi-Ho, Hi-Ho, It’s off to Court we Go!

Instructions of PHIL 210 Module Four Short Paper

Reflection Paper 4: Hi-Ho, Hi-Ho, It’s off to Court we Go!

Purpose

In any situation, there is always the risk of having 1 of the following 2 things happen:

1. good things
2. bad things

Being able to predict outcomes is one way to avoid potential bad things from happening. Another option is to know your boundaries of practice. Where does the prevention of bad things and the responsibility to act intersect? Is there ever a reason to act even if you may end up losing your license to practice? If something bad happens, should you, as a medical professional, apologize? This type of questioning is exactly why we are doing this assignment. 

Task

• Compose a reflection paper, according to the guidelinesLinks to an external site., in response to the instructions below. 

Instructions

• Read the following articles

1. 
   
   
   1. Medical Malpractice Reform: Historical Approaches, Alternative Models, and Communication and Resolution ProgramsLinks to an external site.
   2. Could malpractice reform save the U.S. health care system? Links to an external site.
   3. Does Tort Reform Reduce Health Care Costs?Links to an external site.

• Respond to the following: 
  • Why hasn’t the implementation of informed consent drastically reduced the number of claims? Is it a result of more mistakes being made?
  • Do you also think we have too much litigation in healthcare?
  • Is there ever a reason to act outside your scope of practice? Why or why not?
  • In this litigious society we live in, is there a place for apologies from healthcare providers? Would you apologize? Explain your answer. 
  • What role do you think transparency from medical professionals plays in a patient’s decision to sue or not to sue? 
  • How do you think the topics from this week will affect your own actions/practice?
• Your response needs to be AT LEAST 2 pages long
• The submission should be double spaced, 12pt Times New Roman font
• Due by Sunday at 11:59 pm

Rubric

Reflection Papers (1)

Step-By-Step Guide on PHIL 210 Module Four Short Paper: Hi-Ho, Hi-Ho, It’s off to Court we Go!

Introduction to PHIL 210 Module Four Paper

The PHIL 210 Module Four Short Paper: Hi-Ho, Hi-Ho, It’s off to Court we Go! Focuses on navigating the complex ethical landscape in healthcare, where professionals often face challenging decisions that can have significant consequences. It aims to equip you with the ability to predict outcomes, understand the boundaries of practice, and make informed decisions that balance ethical considerations with practical realities. Through this Owlisdom How-To guide, you will explore critical issues such as informed consent, litigation, the scope of practice, apologies, and transparency in healthcare.

Why hasn’t implementing informed consent drastically reduced the number of claims? Is it a result of more mistakes being made?

Understanding Informed Consent and Litigation

In this section of PHIL 210 Module Four Short Paper: Hi-Ho, Hi-Ho, It’s off to Court we Go! Analyze the impact of informed consent on the number of claims and evaluate the reasons behind the persistence of claims despite informed consent.

• Begin by reading the provided articles on informed consent. Examine how informed consent reduces claims by ensuring patients are fully aware of risks and procedures. Look for data or case studies illustrating whether this has been effective. 
• Consider possible reasons why claims might persist despite informed consent.
• Investigate whether the persistence of claims is due to more mistakes or if other factors, such as miscommunication, patient expectations, or legal complexities, are at play. Critically assess these factors and provide evidence from the readings.

Example

Understanding Informed Consent and Litigation

Informed consent, a cornerstone of healthcare, is designed to ensure patients are fully aware of the risks and procedures associated with their treatments (Adeola & Ayobami, 2024). However, despite its implementation, the number of claims has not drastically reduced. This persistence can be attributed to a complex interplay of factors. Firstly, while informed consent aims to minimize claims by educating patients, its effectiveness is limited by miscommunication, patient expectations, and legal complexities. The AMA Journal of Ethics article notes that communication failures and unrealistic patient expectations can lead to dissatisfaction and litigation despite informed consent (Kass & Rose, 2016).

The PBS article highlights that errors and adverse outcomes can still occur despite informed consent, leading to claims (PBS, 2014). This underscores the crucial role of informed consent in healthcare. Moreover, the legal landscape fosters litigation as a means for patients to seek redress. The intricacy of medical procedures and the variability in patient comprehension also contribute to the persistence of claims. The NBER article substantiates this by indicating that informed consent alone cannot eliminate all risks and that systemic issues in healthcare delivery also come into play.

Do you also think we have too much litigation in healthcare?

Litigation in Healthcare

In this section of PHIL 210 Module Four Short Paper: Hi-Ho, Hi-Ho, It’s off to Court we Go! Assess the prevalence and impact of litigation in healthcare.

• Analyze the extent of litigation in the healthcare sector by looking at statistical data and trends. 
• Discuss whether you think the level of litigation is justified or excessive, providing reasons and examples to support your viewpoint.

Example

Litigation in Healthcare

Litigation in healthcare is not just a frequent occurrence but a pervasive issue with profound impacts on the industry. According to the AMA Journal of Ethics, the U.S. healthcare system grapples with many malpractice claims annually, with significant financial implications (NBER, 2019). The PBS article further elucidates that high litigation rates lead to defensive medicine practices, escalating overall healthcare costs and compromising the quality of care (PBS, 2014).

Many argue that the level of litigation is excessive, driven by a litigious culture and the high stakes of medical errors. However, some litigation is necessary to ensure accountability and justice for patients harmed by medical negligence. The challenge, a tightrope walk that requires careful consideration, lies in balancing protecting patient rights and preventing frivolous lawsuits that burden the healthcare system, a task that healthcare professionals, legal professionals, and policymakers must grapple with (Kass & Rose, 2016).

Is there ever a reason to act outside your scope of practice? Why or why not?

Acting Outside the Scope of Practice

In this section of PHIL 210 Module Four Short Paper: Hi-Ho, Hi-Ho, It’s off to Court we Go! Determine the ethical implications and consequences of acting outside one’s scope of practice.

• Reflect on scenarios where healthcare providers might consider acting outside their scope of practice. 
• Discuss the potential risks and benefits, ethical considerations, and legal consequences. Use examples from the readings to illustrate your points.

Example

Acting Outside the Scope of Practice

Healthcare providers might sometimes consider acting outside their scope of practice, especially in emergencies requiring immediate action to save a life. However, this can have profound ethical and legal implications. Acting outside one’s scope can lead to inadequate care, legal consequences, and loss of licensure. The ethical considerations include the provider’s responsibility to do no harm and to ensure patient safety.

The AMA Journal of Ethics suggests that healthcare providers should adhere strictly to their scope of practice to maintain professional standards and patient trust. The NBER article also emphasizes that unauthorized practice can lead to adverse outcomes and increase liability.

In our litigious society, is there a place for apologies from healthcare providers? Would you apologize? Explain your answer. 

Apologies in Healthcare

In this section of PHIL 210 Module Four Short Paper: Hi-Ho, Hi-Ho, It’s off to Court we Go! Explore the role and impact of apologies from healthcare providers.

• Investigate the concept of apologies in the healthcare setting.
•  Consider whether apologies can help reduce litigation and improve patient-provider relationships. 
• Reflect on whether you would apologize in a given situation and justify your decision with ethical reasoning.

Example

Apologies in Healthcare

In our litigious society, apologies from healthcare providers can reduce litigation and improve patient-provider relationships. According to the AMA Journal of Ethics, open communication and apologies can help address patient grievances, potentially reducing the likelihood of lawsuits (NBER, 2019). The PBS article also highlights that apologies can foster trust and show compassion, which may deter patients from seeking legal action.

I would consider apologizing when an error or adverse outcome has occurred. An apology and a transparent explanation can demonstrate accountability and a commitment to patient welfare, aligning with ethical principles of beneficence and non-maleficence.

What role do you think transparency from medical professionals plays in a patient’s decision to sue or not to sue? 

Transparency and Patient Decisions

In this section of PHIL 210 Module Four Short Paper: Hi-Ho, Hi-Ho, It’s off to Court we Go! Analyze the influence of transparency on patient decisions to sue or not to sue.

• Examine how transparency from healthcare providers affects patient trust and their decision to pursue legal action. 
• Use evidence from the readings to discuss the benefits and challenges of maintaining transparency in medical practice.

Example

Transparency and Patient Decisions

Transparency from medical professionals significantly influences patient trust and their decisions to sue. The AMA Journal of Ethics notes that patients are less likely to pursue legal action when they feel informed and involved in their care (Kass & Rose, 2016). The NBER article supports this, indicating that transparency can mitigate misunderstandings and build stronger patient-provider relationships (NBER, 2019).

However, maintaining transparency can be challenging due to the complexity of medical information and the potential for misinterpretation. Nonetheless, the benefits of fostering trust and reducing litigation outweigh these challenges.

How will this week’s topics affect your actions/practice?

Personal Reflection

In this section of PHIL 210 Module Four Short Paper: Hi-Ho, Hi-Ho, It’s off to Court we Go! Reflect on how the discussed topics affect personal actions and practice in healthcare.

• Consider how the ethical issues discussed throughout the assignment influence your approach to healthcare practice. 
• Reflect on any changes you might make in your professional behavior and decision-making processes due to this assignment.

Example

Personal Reflection

This week’s topics have profound implications for my actions and practice in healthcare. Understanding the importance of informed consent, the impact of litigation, and the ethical boundaries of practice reinforces my commitment to patient safety and ethical integrity (NBER, 2019). The discussions on apologies and transparency underscore the need for open communication and honesty in patient interactions. Moving forward, I will strive to enhance my communication skills, adhere strictly to my scope of practice, and prioritize transparency to build trust and provide high-quality care.

Closing

The PHIL 210 Module Four Short Paper: Hi-Ho, Hi-Ho, It’s off to Court we Go! has comprehensively explored critical ethical issues in healthcare, including informed consent, litigation, scope of practice, apologies, and transparency. By critically analyzing these topics, you gain a deeper understanding of the complex ethical landscape they will navigate in their professional practice. The key takeaway is the importance of balancing ethical considerations with practical realities to make informed and responsible decisions in healthcare. In the upcoming module of PHIL 210, we will explore the Liability and Legality of Healthcare & Leadership.

PHIL 210 Module Five discussion: Liability and Legality of Healthcare & Leadership

Instructions of PHIL 210 Module Five discussion

Discussion Board 5: Liability and Legality of Healthcare & Leadership

No unread replies replies.

Purpose

After what we have covered during the last 3 chapters, this activity could challenge everything we learned.

So much in healthcare has been called into question based on the developments of COVID-19. So many healthcare professionals differ on opinions of masks, transmission, and so many other elements involved in virology, healthcare, and science in general. But what is the legal implication of medical professionals sharing their beliefs? Is there any? How about the question on the difference between a law and a directive? Do all laws need to be followed? Can we ignore directives? Why are some people upset because they have to wear masks in public places, but the no shirt, no shoes, no service is widely accepted in our Country?

Task

• Create an original post in response to the prompts below by Thursday at 5 pm, then respond to 2 peers by Sunday at 11:59

Instructions

Scenario 1

1. First, read this linked article from 2018Links to an external site.
2. Next, respond to the following prompts

• Is it fair that medical professionals be held legally liable for giving/sharing information they believe to be true? 
  • What if that information is not evidence-based?
  • What if the science just hasn’t evolved enough to prove one theory vs. another?
• In the US, we have “freedom of speech” so what are your thoughts on websites pulling information they deem false?
  • Like Facebook & Twitter pulling false claims and/or excluding former President Trump but not other radical leaders?
• Lastly, what are your thoughts on Dr. Judy Markovits? Are her actions in line with professional ethics?
  • If you’re unsure of who she is please see a few of these links and then respond
    • Judy Mikovits – WikipediaLinks to an external site.
    • Fact-checking Judy Mikovits, the controversial virologist attacking Anthony Fauci in a viral conspiracy videoLinks to an external site.

Scenario 2

1. Read the following articles: 

• Where Did ‘Shirt and Shoes Required’ Come From? Links to an external site.
• No shirt, no shoes, no mask, no serviceLinks to an external site.Links to an external site.

Respond to the following prompts: 

• Considering the widely accepted practice to wear shoes in a place of business to receive service isn’t a law, why do people not complain?
• Why is the mask mandate such a big deal since both mandates require body parts (feet vs. nose & mouth) to be covered?
  • Knowing that we live in America, where businesses can refuse service to anyone who does not follow their stated rules, where do you think the argument “I have rights” comes from, especially when those being asked to leave a business have violated a posted business rule?
  • Since businesses can choose to enforce the shirt & shoes or withhold service, why are people so surprised when the same logic applies to a different part of the body?
  • If this was to become law, do you think it would be followed?
• Thinking about the ethical impacts of leadership, should public health officials (Mayors, Public Health Directors, etc.) have the authority to make citizens alter their actions?
  • If no, where is the line? Some could argue that not allowing citizens to speed impacts their actions, or keeping food past its expiration dates, and/or storing raw meat on the room temperature countertop is their right as a business owner. 
  • Knowing that we live in a “free” country where lawsuits can and are filed for any reason, how much of their decisions are simply done to avoid being held legally responsible for perceived negligence?

Original post: Due Thursday by 5 pm Response post: 2 peers by Sunday at 11:59 pm

Introduction to PHIL 210 Module Five Discussion

The PHIL 210 Module Five discussion: Liability and Legality of Healthcare & Leadership focuses on the ethical and legal challenges healthcare professionals and public health authorities face, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. It explores the implications of medical professionals sharing information, the balance between freedom of speech and public health, and the ethical responsibilities of leaders in enforcing health directives. This PHIL 210 How-To Guide will help develop a nuanced understanding of the intersection between ethics, law, and healthcare by critically analyzing scenarios and current issues.

Scenario 1, First, read this linked article from 2018. Next, respond to the following prompts. Is it fair that medical professionals be held legally liable for giving/sharing information they believe to be true? What if that information is not evidence-based? What if science hasn’t evolved enough to prove one theory?

Understanding Legal and Ethical Implications

Read the linked article from 2018 and respond to the prompts.

• Identify critical arguments in the article regarding legal liability.
• Evaluate the fairness of holding medical professionals accountable for shared information.
• Discuss the implications if the shared information is not evidence-based or if scientific knowledge is still evolving.

Example

In the wake of COVID-19, healthcare’s legal and ethical landscape has faced unprecedented challenges. This discussion explores these complexities by examining medical professionals’ responsibilities, the impact of social media on public health information, and the role of public health directives.

Understanding Legal and Ethical Implications

Medical professionals often share information they believe to be accurate, yet they must navigate the fine line between personal beliefs and evidence-based practice. The article from 2018 argues that medical professionals should be held legally liable for the information they share if it causes harm, even if they believe it to be true. This raises questions about fairness, especially when scientific knowledge is still evolving. Holding professionals accountable ensures the integrity of healthcare, but it must be balanced with the recognition that not all medical information is absolute. If the shared information lacks a solid evidence base, it can undermine public trust and lead to misinformation.

In the US, we have “freedom of speech,” so what are your thoughts on websites pulling information they deem false? Like Facebook & Twitter pulling false claims and excluding former President Trump, but not other radical leaders?

Freedom of Speech vs. Public Health

Analyze the balance between freedom of speech and the need to prevent misinformation.

• Reflect on the impact of social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter pulling false information.
• Consider the ethical responsibilities of these platforms in public health.
• Compare the treatment of different public figures, including former President Trump and other radical leaders.

Example

Freedom of Speech vs. Public Health

Freedom of speech is a fundamental right in the US, but it must be weighed against the need to prevent misinformation, particularly in public health. Social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter play a critical role in this balance by removing false claims. Their actions, excluding former President Trump while allowing other controversial figures to remain, highlight the ethical responsibility to protect public health while maintaining equitable standards. These platforms must navigate the moral implications of their policies, ensuring they do not stifle legitimate discourse while curbing harmful misinformation.

Lastly, what are your thoughts on Dr. Judy Markovits? Are her actions in line with professional ethics? If you’re unsure who she is, please see a few of these links and respond.

Case Study Analysis: Dr. Judy Mikovits

Research Dr. Judy Mikovits and assess her actions from an ethical perspective.

• Use the provided links to understand Dr. Mikovits’ background and actions.
• Critically analyze her actions and statements in the context of professional ethics.
• Formulate an opinion on whether her actions align with ethical standards in healthcare.

Example

Case Study Analysis: Dr. Judy Mikovits

Dr. Judy Mikovits, a controversial figure, has made claims contradicting established scientific consensus. Her actions, as documented in various sources, raise significant ethical concerns. Medical professionals must adhere to ethical standards, prioritizing evidence-based information and public safety. Mikovits’ dissemination of unproven theories undermines these principles and highlights the need for stringent ethical guidelines in healthcare communication.

Since the widely accepted practice of wearing shoes in a place of business to receive service isn’t a law, why do people not complain?

Public Health Directives and Personal Rights

Compare the mask mandate to other public health rules and understand public resistance.

• Analyze why people accept shoe mandates but resist mask mandates.
• Reflect on the argument of personal rights versus public health directives.
• Discuss the potential consequences if mask mandates were enforced by law.

Why is the mask mandate such a big deal since both require covering body parts (feet vs. nose and mouth)? Knowing that we live in America, where businesses can refuse service to anyone who does not follow their stated rules, where do you think the argument “I have rights” comes from, especially when those being asked to leave a business have violated a posted business rule? Since businesses can choose to enforce the shirt & shoes or withhold service, why are people so surprised when the same logic applies to a different part of the body? If this was to become law, do you think it would be followed?

Business Policies and Public Compliance

Analyze the acceptance of business policies on attire and health.

• Discuss why businesses can refuse service based on attire and health rules.
• Compare public reactions to different types of business policies.
• Explore the ethical implications of enforcing these policies.

Thinking about the ethical impacts of leadership, should public health officials (Mayors, Public Health Directors, etc.) have the authority to make citizens alter their actions? If not, where is the line? Some could argue that not allowing citizens to speed impacts their actions and that keeping food past its expiration dates and storing raw meat on the room-temperature countertop is their right as business owners.

Ethical Leadership in Public Health

Evaluate the authority of public health officials and the balance between public safety and personal freedoms.

• Consider the ethical responsibilities of public health leaders.
• Reflect on the balance between enforcing health directives and respecting personal freedoms.
• Discuss examples of public health decisions that impact personal actions.

Example

Public Health Directives and Personal Rights

Public health directives, such as mask mandates, often face resistance despite being similar to other accepted business policies like wearing shoes. This resistance stems from perceived infringements on personal rights. Analyzing why people comply with shoe mandates but resist masks reveals deeper societal values and misconceptions about individual freedoms. Compliance might improve if mask mandates were legally enforced, but the ethical debate around personal rights would persist.

Knowing that we live in a “free” country where lawsuits can and are filed for any reason, how much of their decisions are made to avoid being held legally responsible for perceived negligence?

Legal Responsibility and Ethical Decision-Making

Understand the legal ramifications of public health decisions and discuss the role of ethical considerations.

• Analyze the legal responsibilities of public health officials.
• Discuss how ethical decision-making can help avoid legal issues.
• Reflect on the importance of ethical considerations in public health leadership.

Example

This exploration of legal and ethical implications in healthcare underscores the importance of balancing professional responsibilities, freedom of speech, public health directives, and personal rights. Ethical decision-making and leadership are paramount in navigating these complex issues, ensuring that healthcare professionals and public health officials maintain public trust and safety.

Closing

PHIL 210 Module Five discussion: Liability and Legality of Healthcare & Leadership highlights the complex interplay between ethics, law, and public health. By critically analyzing scenarios and current issues, you gain insights into the ethical responsibilities of healthcare professionals and public health leaders. The key takeaway is the importance of ethical decision-making in navigating healthcare’s legal and moral challenges, ensuring the public’s well-being while respecting individual rights. 

In the upcoming module of PHIL 210, we will explore End of Life Care.

PHIL 210 Module Five reflection paper: End of Life Care.

Instructions of PHIL 210 Module Five reflection paper

Reflection Paper 5: End-of-Life Care

Purpose

Helping someone and their family during the end of life is likely one of the most difficult tasks. This becomes more delicate when you consider how different each experience is depending on family involvement, cultural influences, religious preferences, etc. Based on the fact that our society is getting more and more diverse, being familiar with cultural impacts can only help prepare you for these events. Ethically, should you or your medical family be expected to alter procedures for each patient? We will work through issues like this during this assignment.

Task

• Compose a reflection paper, according to the guidelinesLinks to an external site., in response to the instructions below.

Instructions

1. Read the following articles

• Cultural Differences at the End of LifeLinks to an external site.
• Cultural Diversity at the End of Life: Issues and Guidelines for Family PhysiciansLinks to an external site.

Respond to the following prompts:

• How do you respond to the claim that some cultures prefer to not be directly informed of a life-threatening diagnosis?
  • With HIPAA, how is that even possible?
• Here in the United States we value autonomy; other cultures emphasize beneficence. Do you feel you should be expected to shift your practice to accommodate each patient? Why or why not?
  • As healthcare professionals, we want our patients to trust us, but would you be comfortable making all decisions about the patient’s care without their input (assuming the patient is lucid and wants this)?
  • Taking what we learned in week 8 about liability, where does a situation like this fall?
• Where does the line between educating a patient and giving recommendations lie?
• What are your thoughts on the theory that the reason ethnic patients have fewer advance directives is due to a lack of trust in the healthcare system?
  • Is that lack of trust justified?
  • If you are working with a client that does not want to be informed directly of a life-threatening diagnosis, how do you work to create trust when you cannot be truthful with your patient?

Your response needs to be AT LEAST 2 pages long The submission should be double spaced, 12pt Times New Roman font Due by Sunday at 11:59 pm

Rubric

Reflection Papers (1)

Step-By-Step Guide PHIL 210 Module Five reflection paper: End of Life Care

Introduction To PHIL 210 Module Five Reflection Paper

The PHIL 210 Module Five reflection paper: End of Life Care explores the ethical complexities of end-of-life care, particularly in culturally diverse settings. It examines how healthcare professionals can navigate cultural preferences, HIPAA regulations, and the balance between patient autonomy and beneficence. This PHIL 210 How-To Guide will give you insights into ethical decision-making and trust-building with patients.

How do you respond to the claim that some cultures prefer not to be directly informed of a life-threatening diagnosis? With HIPAA, how is that even possible?

Responding to Cultural Preferences and HIPAA Compliance

Respond to the claim that some cultures prefer not to be directly informed of a life-threatening diagnosis.

• Understand cultural differences and their impact on patient communication.
• Consider how HIPAA regulations affect the ability to withhold information.
• Explore strategies for balancing cultural sensitivity with legal obligations.

Example

Healthcare professionals often encounter cultural preferences, such as patients’ preferring not to be directly informed of a life-threatening diagnosis. This cultural sensitivity significantly impacts patient communication. Many cultures emphasize collective decision-making, where family members handle sensitive information to protect the patient from emotional distress. Understanding these cultural differences is crucial for effective communication and trust-building in healthcare settings.

However, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) complicates this preference. HIPAA mandates strict confidentiality and the direct sharing of medical information with patients unless legally designated otherwise. This legal obligation makes it challenging to honor cultural preferences for indirect communication. Healthcare professionals must navigate these regulations carefully, ensuring they do not violate HIPAA while respecting cultural values.

Balancing cultural sensitivity with legal obligations requires advanced care planning and clear communication with patients and their families. Establishing early discussions about preferences and legal options can help align the care approach with cultural expectations while maintaining compliance with HIPAA.

Here in the United States, we value autonomy, while other cultures emphasize beneficence. Should you be expected to shift your practice to accommodate each patient? Why or why not? As healthcare professionals, we want our patients to trust us, but would you be comfortable making all decisions about the patient’s care without their input (assuming the patient is lucid and wants this)? You are taking what we learned in week eight about liability; where does a situation like this fall?

Balancing Autonomy and Beneficence

Reflect on changing your practice to accommodate each patient’s cultural preferences.

• Analyze the ethical principles of autonomy and beneficence.
• Discuss the importance of patient-centered care and respect for cultural values.
• Evaluate the challenges and benefits of adapting practices for diverse patients.

Example

In the United States, autonomy is highly valued, whereas many cultures prioritize beneficence, the ethical obligation to act in the patient’s best interest. As a healthcare professional, adapting practices to accommodate cultural preferences is essential for patient-centered care. However, this adaptation poses challenges.

Shifting practices to accommodate each patient involves understanding and respecting their cultural values and decision-making processes. While this approach can enhance trust and satisfaction, it may also conflict with the principle of autonomy, where patients are expected to make informed decisions about their care.

Making all decisions without patient input, even if the patient is lucid, can undermine trust and violate ethical autonomy standards. It is essential to strike a balance, ensuring that patients are involved in their care decisions as much as possible while respecting their cultural preferences. This balance aligns with the ethical principle of non-maleficence, avoiding harm by respecting patient autonomy and cultural values.

Where does the line between educating a patient and giving recommendations lay?

Educating vs. Recommending

Determine the line between educating a patient and giving recommendations.

• Differentiate between providing information and making clinical recommendations.
• Reflect on the ethical implications of each approach.
• Consider how to maintain patient autonomy while offering professional guidance.

Example

Distinguishing between educating a patient and giving recommendations is crucial in healthcare communication. Educating involves providing patients with all necessary information about their condition, treatment options, and potential outcomes. Conversely, recommendations entail advising patients on the best course of action based on clinical expertise.

The ethical implications of each approach must be carefully considered. While education supports patient autonomy by empowering them to make informed decisions, recommendations can guide patients toward the most beneficial outcomes. Maintaining patient autonomy while offering professional guidance requires a delicate balance. Healthcare professionals should ensure that their recommendations are evidence-based and align with the patient’s values and preferences, fostering an environment of trust and collaboration.

What are your thoughts on the theory that the reason ethnic patients have fewer advance directives is due to a lack of trust in the healthcare system? Is that lack of trust justified? If you are working with a client who does not want to be informed directly of a life-threatening diagnosis, how do you create trust when you cannot be truthful with your patient?

Addressing Trust and Advanced Directives

Discuss the theory that ethnic patients have fewer advanced directives due to a lack of trust in the healthcare system.

• Investigate historical and systemic factors contributing to mistrust.
• Evaluate whether this lack of trust is justified.
• Explore strategies to build trust with patients who prefer not to be directly informed of diagnoses.

Example

The theory that ethnic patients have fewer advance directives due to a lack of trust in the healthcare system is supported by historical and systemic factors. Mistrust is often rooted in past injustices, such as unethical medical experiments and systemic racism, which have disproportionately affected minority communities. This lack of trust can lead to reluctance to make advance directives.

This mistrust is often justified given the historical context. To build trust with patients who prefer not to be informed directly of a life-threatening diagnosis, healthcare professionals must adopt culturally sensitive communication strategies. This includes involving family members in discussions, respecting cultural norms, and ensuring that care decisions align with the patient’s values.

By fostering an environment of respect, transparency, and cultural competence, healthcare professionals can bridge the trust gap and encourage more ethnic patients to engage in advanced care planning. Building trust requires consistent efforts to understand and address diverse patient populations’ unique needs and concerns.

Navigating end-of-life care’s ethical and legal complexities in culturally diverse settings requires healthcare professionals to balance patient autonomy, cultural sensitivity, and legal obligations. By understanding cultural differences, adhering to HIPAA regulations, and fostering trust through patient-centered care, professionals can provide ethical and compassionate care that respects their patients’ diverse values and preferences. This approach not only enhances patient satisfaction but also upholds the highest standards of ethical practice in healthcare.

Closing

The PHIL 210 Module Five reflection paper: End of Life Care emphasizes the importance of cultural competency and ethical decision-making in end-of-life care. By critically analyzing scenarios involving cultural preferences, HIPAA compliance, and the balance between autonomy and beneficence, you will better understand how to provide ethical, patient-centered care. The key takeaway is the need for healthcare professionals to navigate these complexities with sensitivity, respect, and adherence to ethical standards. In the upcoming module of PHIL 210, we will explore Interview Submission.

PHIL 210 Module Five assignment: Interview Submission

Instructions of PHIL 210 Module Five assignment

Interview Submission

Start Assignment

Purpose

We can talk all day long about the impact of ethics in healthcare, but until you hear them from someone who has actually lived this experience it won’t have the relevance. Therefore, this assignment was designed for you to hear about experiences from someone in your area of healthcare. Investigating what ethical issues they have encountered, how they handled it, and if that experience altered their practice going forward, will help you better understand how to apply what is learned in this class to your profession. 

Task

Conduct an interview with a healthcare professional regarding their experience dealing with ethical issues and compose an academic essay summarizing the key points identified below. 

Instructions

1. Choose a healthcare professional to interview in the area of healthcare you are most interested in
2. Summarize the responses to the questions from your interview. At a minimum, you need answers to the following questions (you can always ask more but these are the required ones):

• Current position or title of the person interviewed.
• Position or title at the time of the ethical issue occurrence.
• How long had they been in the position at the time of the event?
• Describe the ethical dilemma. 
• How did they decide what to do? (What approach or ethical decision-making was used to deal with the dilemma?)
• What was the outcome or how was the issue resolved?
• How did the process impact those involved?
• How has the individual used this experience to guide them through other ethical dilemmas?

Include your thoughts on the following:

• What ethical principles were involved in your interview dilemma and explain?
• What is your reaction to the situation and response?

The paper needs to be written in essay format and at least 4 pages in length (page requirement relates to the content of the paper only, not including the title page or references if included) Paper is worth 100 pts and will be graded according to this rubricLinks to an external site. Here is a google doc with the above criteriaLinks to an external site.

Rubric

Interview Paper (1)

Introduction to PHIL 210 Module Five Assignment

The PHIL 210 Module Five assignment: Interview Submission is designed to provide firsthand insights into ethical issues healthcare professionals face. By interviewing with a healthcare professional, you will explore real-life ethical dilemmas, the decision-making processes involved, and the impact of these experiences on their professional practice. This PHIL 210 How-To Guide aims to enhance your understanding of applying moral principles in healthcare through practical examples.

Choose a healthcare professional to interview in the area of healthcare you are most interested in

Choosing a Healthcare Professional to Interview

To start the PHIL 210 Module Five assignment: Interview Submission, identify a healthcare professional in a field that interests you the most. 

• Consider areas where ethical dilemmas are prevalent, such as nursing, medical practice, or healthcare administration.
• Ensure the professional has significant experience and is willing to discuss their experiences openly.
• Schedule an interview at a convenient time and prepare your questions in advance.

Example

Choosing a Healthcare Professional to Interview

Ethical dilemmas are common in nursing, medical practice, and healthcare administration (Haahr et al., 2020). For this assignment, I chose to interview Dr. Jane Smith, a senior nurse practitioner with over 20 years of experience in the healthcare industry. Dr. Smith has encountered numerous ethical issues throughout her career, making her an ideal candidate for this interview.

Dr. Smith agreed to participate and shared her experiences candidly, providing a wealth of information for this assignment. Schedule the interview conveniently for both parties and prepare your questions to ensure a smooth and productive discussion.

Summarize the responses to the questions from your interview. At a minimum, you need answers to the following questions (you can always ask more, but these are the required ones): Current position or title of the person interviewed. Position or title at the time of the ethical issue occurrence. How long had they been in the position at the time of the event? Describe the ethical dilemma. How did they decide what to do? (What approach or ethical decision-making was used to deal with the dilemma?) What was the outcome, and how was the issue resolved? How did the process impact those involved? How has the individual used this experience to guide them through other ethical dilemmas?

Summarizing the Interview Responses

Next, we will summarize the responses from the interview.

• Current Position or Title: Note the interviewee’s role and responsibilities.
• Position or Title at the Time of the Ethical Issue Occurrence: Document their role during the ethical dilemma.
• Duration in the Position at the Event Time: Record how long they had been in that position when the event occurred.
• Description of the Ethical Dilemma: Summarize the situation that posed the ethical challenge. Provide context and details to understand the complexity of the issue.
• Decision-Making Approach: Explain the method or framework used to address the dilemma. This could include ethical decision-making models or personal judgment.
• Outcome or Resolution of the Issue: Describe the resolution of the ethical issue and its effectiveness.
• Impact on Those Involved: Reflect on how the dilemma and resolution affected the individuals involved, including the healthcare professional.
• Use of Experience in Future Ethical Dilemmas: Highlight how the professional has applied lessons from this experience to other ethical situations.

Example

Current Position or Title

Dr. Jane Smith currently holds the position of Senior Nurse Practitioner at a major urban hospital. In this role, she oversees patient care, ensuring that the highest standards of medical practice are maintained across various departments. Additionally, Dr. Smith manages the nursing staff, providing leadership and guidance to ensure efficient and effective healthcare delivery. Her responsibilities include participating in policy development, where she contributes to creating and implementing policies to improve patient outcomes and overall hospital operations. Dr. Smith’s extensive experience and expertise make her a key figure in the hospital’s leadership team.

Position or Title at the Time of the Ethical Issue Occurrence

When the ethical issue arose, Dr. Smith was a Charge Nurse in the intensive care unit (ICU). In this capacity, she was responsible for directly supervising nursing staff within the ICU, managing patient care for critically ill patients, and coordinating with doctors and other healthcare professionals. Her role required her to make quick, informed decisions under high-pressure conditions, often involving complex medical and ethical considerations. The position also involved ensuring that the ICU operated smoothly and that patients received the necessary intensive care to stabilize and recover.

Duration in the Position at the Event Time

Dr. Smith had worked as a Charge Nurse in the ICU for five years when the ethical dilemma occurred. This extensive experience in a high-stress, critical care environment equipped her with the skills and knowledge to handle complex and challenging situations. Her tenure in this position meant that she was well-versed in the protocols and procedures of the ICU and had built strong relationships with her team, which was crucial when navigating the ethical dilemma. Her long-standing role underscored her capability and reliability in managing critical care scenarios effectively.

Description of the Ethical Dilemma

The ethical dilemma involved a critically ill patient urgently needing a life-saving procedure. Despite the medical team’s unanimous agreement on the necessity of the procedure, the patient’s family was adamantly opposed to it due to their sincerely held religious beliefs. This opposition created a significant ethical challenge for the healthcare team, who had to navigate the delicate balance between respecting the family’s religious convictions and the moral duty to save the patient’s life. The situation was further complicated by the fact that the patient was unconscious and had not provided any advance directives outlining their wishes in such scenarios. This absence of the patient’s explicit consent or refusal placed the healthcare team in a difficult position, as they had to consider the legal and ethical implications of overriding the family’s wishes. The dilemma highlighted the intricate interplay between medical ethics, patient autonomy, and cultural sensitivity in healthcare decision-making.

Decision-Making Approach

Dr. Smith employed a multifaceted approach to address the ethical dilemma, combining ethical decision-making models with her judgment. Recognizing the situation’s complexity, she sought guidance from the hospital’s ethics committee (Robichaux et al., 2022). This committee uses established ethical principles, including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice, to navigate challenging decisions. Dr. Smith facilitated comprehensive discussions involving the patient’s family, the healthcare team, and the ethics committee to ensure all perspectives were considered. Throughout these discussions, the principle of autonomy—respecting the patient’s and their family’s wishes—emerged as the most critical factor. Dr. Smith acknowledged the family’s religious beliefs and firm stance against the life-saving procedure. After carefully weighing the ethical principles and the potential consequences, she honored the family’s wishes. This decision was made with the understanding that respecting the patient’s autonomy was paramount, even though it conflicted with the medical team’s inclination to perform the procedure to save the patient’s life (Bruun et al., 2022).

Outcome or Resolution of the Issue

The patient did not undergo the life-saving procedure and, unfortunately, passed away shortly afterward. The resolution was in line with the family’s wishes, and the hospital staff provided palliative care to ensure the patient’s comfort during their final moments.

Impact on Those Involved

The process had a profound impact on all parties involved. The family was grateful that their beliefs were respected, though the loss deeply saddened them. The healthcare team, including Dr. Smith, experienced emotional and moral distress and a sense of ethical fulfillment knowing they honored the patient’s autonomy.

Use of Experience in Future Ethical Dilemmas

Dr. Smith has since used this experience to guide her through other ethical dilemmas. She emphasizes the importance of early and clear communication with patients and families regarding advance directives and religious beliefs. This experience has reinforced her commitment to involving ethics committees in complex cases to ensure balanced and well-considered decisions.

Include your thoughts on the following:What ethical principles were involved in your interview dilemma? Explain them. What is your reaction to the situation and response?

Personal Reflection on the Interview

Here, we will discuss our reflection on the interview.

• Ethical Principles Involved: Identify and discuss the moral principles (e.g., autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice) relevant to the dilemma.
• Reaction to the Situation and Response: Analyze the situation and the healthcare professional’s response. 
• Reflect on what you learned and how it has influenced your perspective on ethical decision-making in healthcare.

Example

Ethical Principles Involved

The primary ethical principles involved in this dilemma were autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Autonomy was paramount, as it entailed respecting the patient’s right to self-determination through the family’s wishes. This principle underscores the importance of honoring the patient’s values and beliefs even when family members convey them in the absence of advance directives (Bruun et al., 2022). Beneficence and non-maleficence were also significant, reflecting the healthcare team’s dual obligations to do good and prevent harm. These principles required careful consideration of the potential benefits and risks of the proposed medical intervention. Justice was equally important, ensuring that the patient’s family received fair treatment and their religious beliefs were respected, maintaining equity in care and decision-making processes.

reaction to the Situation and Response

My reaction to this situation was one of deep reflection on the complexities of ethical decision-making in healthcare. Dr. Smith’s response highlighted the delicate balance healthcare professionals must maintain between respecting patient autonomy and pursuing beneficent actions (Bruun et al., 2022). It was enlightening to see how ethical theories are applied in practice, providing a real-world context to theoretical concepts learned in class. The situation underscored the profound emotional impact of such decisions on healthcare providers, who must navigate the fine line between professional responsibilities and ethical considerations. Additionally, it highlighted the emotional toll on patients’ families, who must reconcile their beliefs with the realities of medical interventions (Robichaux et al., 2022).

Reflection on Learning

This interview has profoundly influenced my perspective on ethical decision-making in healthcare. It underscored the importance of considering all moral principles—autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice—when faced with ethical dilemmas. The experience highlighted the value of involving multidisciplinary teams, including ethics committees, in resolving complex dilemmas, as they provide diverse perspectives and support balanced decision-making (Haahr et al., 2020). Furthermore, the interview reinforced the necessity of clear communication and planning with patients and families to navigate ethical challenges effectively. This approach helps ensure that patient preferences are understood and respected, ultimately enhancing healthcare practices’ quality of care and moral integrity.

Closing

The PHIL 210 Module Five assignment: Interview Submission offers valuable insights into the practical application of ethical principles in healthcare. By engaging with a professional’s experiences, you will gain a deeper understanding of the complexities and nuances of moral decision-making. The key takeaways include recognizing the importance of ethical frameworks, the impact of decisions on all stakeholders, and the continuous learning process that shapes professional practice. By following this How-To Owlisdom Guide, you can conduct your interview effectively, summarize the findings, and reflect on the ethical implications, enhancing your comprehension and application of ethics in healthcare. The upcoming PHIL 210 Module Six discussion revolves around the AI or No AI, that is the question.

References

Bruun, H., Milling, L., Mikkelsen, S., & Huniche, L. (2022). Ethical challenges experienced by prehospital emergency personnel: A practice-based model of analysis. BMC Medical Ethics, 23(1), 80. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-022-00821-9

Haahr, A., Norlyk, A., Martinsen, B., & Dreyer, P. (2020). Nurses' experiences of ethical dilemmas: A review. Nursing Ethics, 27(1), 258–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733019832941

Robichaux, C., Grace, P., Bartlett, J., Stokes, F., Saulo, L. M., & Turner, M. (2022). Ethics Education for Nurses: Foundations for an Integrated Curriculum. Journal of Nursing Education, 61(3), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20220109-02

PHIL 210 Module six discussion: AI or No AI, that is the question

Instructions of PHIL 210 Module Six Discussion

Discussion Board 6: AI or No AI, that is the question…

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Purpose

With the constant advancement in healthcare, it is no surprise that things once only considered “sci-fi” are now being implemented into healthcare procedures. The idea of minimally invasive is great…it fosters lower cost to the patients, better outcomes for doctors, faster healing for patients…but what is the downside? This type of dilemma is exactly why this activity was designed. 

Task

• Create an original post in response to the prompts below by Thursday at 5 pm, then respond to 2 peers by Sunday at 11:59

Instructions

1. Read the following articles:

• Ethical Dimensions of Using Artificial Intelligence in Health CareLinks to an external site.
• How Should Clinicians Communicate With Patients About the Roles of Artificially Intelligent Team Members? Links to an external site.

Then respond to these prompts: 

• What are your thoughts on technological advancements in healthcare delivery? (using Augmented Reality and/or Artificial Intelligence in procedures)
• Would you want to learn anatomy/physiology or pathophysiology using virtual sources? Why or why not?
• Why may some support the use in procedures, but not in education?
• How would you go about informing patients of the use of AI/AR in their procedure? Would you go there voluntarily or wait until they ask?

Original post: Due Thursday by 5 pm Response post: 2 peers by Sunday at 11:59 pm

Introduction to PHIL 210 Module Five Six Discussion

The PHIL 210 Module six discussion: AI or No AI, that is the question, focuses on the ethical considerations of using advanced technologies such as Augmented Reality (AR) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare. This PHILL 210 How-To Guide helps you explore the implications of these technologies in both clinical procedures and educational settings, analyze differing opinions, and develop strategies for effectively communicating such technologies to patients.

What are your thoughts on technological advancements in healthcare delivery? (using Augmented Reality and Artificial Intelligence in procedures)

Technological Advancements in Healthcare Delivery

To start the PHIL 210 Module Six discussion: AI or No AI, that is the question, reflect on your thoughts regarding using AR and AI in healthcare procedures.

• Begin by describing AR and AI and their current applications in healthcare.
• Discuss the potential benefits, such as improved surgery precision and enhanced diagnostic capabilities.
• Consider the potential downsides, such as ethical concerns, data privacy issues, and the risk of over-reliance on technology.
• Support your thoughts with examples from recent studies or real-life implementations.

Example

Augmented Reality (AR) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) revolutionize healthcare procedures. AR overlays digital information onto the physical world, enhancing real-time surgical guidance, while AI analyzes vast data sets to improve diagnostic accuracy and personalize treatment plans. These technologies offer significant benefits, such as increased surgical precision, reduced human error, and enhanced diagnostic capabilities. For instance, AI algorithms can detect anomalies in medical images with remarkable accuracy, as evidenced by a 2020 study in Nature Medicine, where AI outperformed radiologists in diagnosing breast cancer from mammograms.

However, integrating AR and AI in healthcare also presents potential downsides. Ethical concerns arise regarding the transparency and accountability of AI decisions. Data privacy is another critical issue, as AI systems require large amounts of personal health information, raising the risk of data breaches. Additionally, there is a danger of over-reliance on technology, which could undermine the clinician’s role and lead to complacency. Balancing these benefits and risks is crucial for implementing AR and AI in healthcare. 

Would you want to learn anatomy/physiology or pathophysiology using virtual sources? Why or why not?

Learning Anatomy/Physiology or Pathophysiology Using Virtual Sources

Next, analyze whether you would prefer to learn anatomy/physiology or pathophysiology through virtual sources and explain your reasoning.

• Compare traditional learning methods with virtual learning tools like AR and AI.

• Discuss the advantages of virtual learning, such as interactive simulations, accessibility, and personalized learning experiences.
• Highlight potential disadvantages, including the lack of hands-on practice and possible technological barriers.
• Provide a balanced view and support your opinion with evidence from educational research.

Example

When learning anatomy/physiology or pathophysiology, I prefer using virtual sources such as AR and AI. Traditional learning methods, like textbooks and cadaver dissections, provide foundational knowledge but lack the interactive and immersive experiences that virtual tools offer. AR and AI enable interactive simulations, allowing students to visualize and manipulate anatomical structures in 3D, leading to a deeper understanding of complex concepts. These tools also offer accessibility, as students can access virtual labs from anywhere and personalized learning experiences that adapt to individual learning paces and styles.

However, virtual learning tools have potential disadvantages, including the lack of hands-on practice, crucial for developing tactile skills in medical training. Additionally, technological barriers, such as the availability of resources and technical proficiency, can hinder effective learning. Balancing these pros and cons, virtual sources complement traditional methods, enhancing the learning experience.

Why do some support the use of procedures but not in education?

Differing Opinions on the Use of Technology in Procedures vs. Education

Here, explore why some individuals might support using technology in medical procedures but not in educational contexts.

• Identify why technology might be favored in clinical settings, such as increased accuracy and efficiency.
• Discuss the concerns that may arise when applying the same technology in educational settings, including the risk of reduced human interaction and the potential for technological dependence.
• Use case studies or expert opinions to illustrate these differing perspectives.
• Analyze the ethical implications and how they vary between procedural and educational uses.

Example

Some individuals support using technology in medical procedures rather than educational contexts due to varying priorities and outcomes. Technology like AR and AI is favored in clinical settings for its potential to increase accuracy, efficiency, and patient outcomes. For instance, robotic-assisted surgeries offer precise and minimally invasive options, leading to faster recovery times and reduced complications.

Conversely, applying the same technology in education raises concerns about reduced human interaction, essential for developing communication and empathy skills in healthcare professionals. Additionally, there is a risk of technological dependence, where students might rely too heavily on virtual tools at the expense of critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Ethical implications also vary; while procedure technology directly impacts patient health, its use in education shapes future healthcare providers’ competencies and professionalism.

How would you inform patients of using AI/AR in their procedure? Would you go there voluntarily or wait until they ask?

Informing Patients About AI/AR in Their Procedure

For this section of the PHIL 210 Module six discussion: AI or No AI, that is the question, develop a strategy for informing patients about using AI/AR in their medical procedures.

• Emphasize the importance of transparency and informed consent.
• Outline the critical information patients need, including the benefits, risks, and how the technology will be used in their care.
• Suggest communication techniques, such as using simple language and visual aids and addressing patients’ questions or concerns.
• Discuss whether you would proactively inform patients or wait for them to inquire and justify your approach with ethical reasoning.

Example

Transparency and informed consent are paramount when advising patients about using AI/AR in their procedures. Patients must understand the benefits, such as improved precision and outcomes, and the risks, including potential data privacy issues and the technology’s limitations. Using simple language and visual aids can help communicate complex information effectively. Addressing patients’ questions and concerns is crucial for building trust.

Proactively informing patients about AI/AR usage demonstrates ethical responsibility and respects patients’ autonomy. Waiting for patients to inquire might result in incomplete understanding and potential mistrust. Ethically, clinicians should ensure that patients are fully informed to make autonomous decisions regarding their care.

AR and AI have transformative potential in healthcare delivery and education, offering numerous benefits and significant ethical considerations. Balancing these advancements with responsible implementation, transparency, and patient engagement is essential for optimizing outcomes and maintaining trust in the healthcare system. By addressing these aspects thoughtfully, we can harness technology’s power to improve clinical practices and medical education.

Response post: 2 peers.

Peer Responses

According to PHIL 210 Module Six discussion: AI or No AI, that is the question instructions, we are supposed to write two peer responses. I have addressed the given instructions in one response. Following these instructions, you can write your peer responses to the Module 6 Discussion without a hassle.

Example

Response 01

Hey Max, nice post! Your discussion post effectively explores the benefits and challenges of AR and AI in healthcare. The analysis is well-supported with evidence, and you thoughtfully address ethical considerations and communication strategies—an excellent balance of technical insight and practical implications. 

Response 02

Responding to peers is vital to the PHIL 210 Module Six discussion posts. We need to provide at least two peer responses. I will provide one example post. You can write your peer responses keeping the above points in mind.

Closing

In the PHIL 210 Module Six discussion: AI or No AI, that is the question, you have critically examined the ethical implications of using AR and AI in healthcare, considered the educational applications of these technologies, and developed strategies for patient communication. The critical takeaway is balancing technological advancements with ethical considerations to ensure patient trust and effective learning environments. By thoughtfully addressing each part of this How-To Owlisdom Guide, you will be well-equipped to navigate the complex intersection of technology and ethics in healthcare. The upcoming PHIL 210 Module Six Paper revolves around the Is healthcare a commodity or a service?

PHIL 210 Module six Paper: Is healthcare a commodity or a service?

Instructions of PHIL 210 Module six Paper

Reflection Paper 6: Is healthcare a commodity or a service?

Purpose

It’s no secret that wages are something that draws people into the healthcare industry. The dollars to pay those wages comes from the fees charged and collected from patients and/or their insurance company. The amount charged for a service goes back to basic economic theory…or does it? Just a simple review of some basic economic theory states:

• A commodity is a basic good used in commerce that is interchangeable with other goods of the same type. Commodities are most often used as inputs in the production of other goods or services
• A service is a transaction in which no physical goods are transferred from the seller to the buyer
• Supply & Demand: States that prices will vary until the quantity demanded (at the current price) equals the quantity supplied (at the current price)

Given that quick refresher, where does healthcare fall? Should you bargain shop for your healthcare? Is it okay to inflate the cost of services or healthcare goods if the supply is scarce? These thoughts and more are exactly what this activity is designed to discuss.

Task

• Compose a reflection paper, according to the guidelinesLinks to an external site., in response to the instructions below.

Instructions

1. Read the following articles

• 10 Things to Expect from the New Hospital Price Transparency RuleLinks to an external site.
• Health care is not a service commodityLinks to an external site.
• Health care is a commodity, not a right – and markets, not government are the solution in medical careLinks to an external site.
• Mylan CEO on EpiPen drug price controversy: “I get the outrage”Links to an external site.

Respond to the following prompts:

• Is access to health insurance a right? What about access to healthcare?
• Most of the older generation doesn’t consider medical services to be negotiable, the younger generation is the opposite. Why is that?
  • Do you really want to trust your health to the lowest bidder?
  • What if you get sick, are you going to call around to see the cost of office visits?
    • if that were to become standard practice, in what ways could your future profession be impacted? 
• Making hospitals post their pricing, at first glance seems like a good idea, but what 
  • if the price at hospital A includes things (better supplies, care by better staff, above standard practices, in-patient rehab, etc.) that the price at hospital B doesn’t include?
• What about situations where rural hospitals charge more for procedures based on the lack of other options? What impacts could be felt if more patients see that the same procedure at a hospital 100 miles away is cheaper?
• Thinking about the higher prices of the EpiPen a few years ago, if you were CEO, would you allow the huge price inflation? Why or why not?

Your response needs to be AT LEAST 2 pages long The submission should be double spaced, 12pt Times New Roman font Due by Sunday at 11:59 pm

Rubric

Reflection Papers (1)

Introduction to PHIL 210 Module Six Reflection Paper

The PHIL 210 Module Six Paper: Is healthcare a commodity or a service? explores the ethical considerations and economic theories surrounding the pricing and accessibility of healthcare services. It challenges you to critically evaluate whether healthcare and health insurance should be considered rights, the generational differences in negotiating medical services, the implications of trusting healthcare to the lowest bidder, the potential impacts of price shopping for medical services, and the complexities of hospital pricing transparency. This PHIL 210 How-To Guide examines rural hospital pricing issues and includes a case study on EpiPen price inflation from a CEO’s perspective.

Is access to health insurance a right? What about access to healthcare?

Understanding Access to Health Insurance and Healthcare as Rights

To start the PHIL 210 Module six Paper: Is healthcare a commodity or a service?, we will discuss whether access to health insurance and healthcare should be considered a right.

• Define critical terms (e.g., suitable, healthcare, health insurance) and provide a balanced view. 
• Use ethical theories such as utilitarianism and deontology to support your arguments. 
• Cite relevant laws and policies that pertain to healthcare access.

Example

Access to health insurance and healthcare is a contentious issue often framed as a right. Healthcare refers to services provided to maintain or improve health, whereas health insurance is a contract that requires an insurer to pay some or all of a person’s healthcare costs in exchange for a premium. A right is an entitlement that should be guaranteed to all individuals.

From a practical perspective, ensuring access to healthcare maximizes overall societal well-being by promoting a healthier population. On the other hand, deontological ethics argues that healthcare should be a right because it respects all individuals’ inherent dignity and worth.

Relevant policies supporting this view include the Affordable Care Act (ACA), which expanded healthcare access in the U.S., and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which consists of the right to health (Kevin, 2018).

Most older generations don’t consider medical services negotiable; the younger generation is the opposite. Why is that?

Generational Perspectives on Negotiability of Medical Services

Here, we will compare the perspectives of older and younger generations on the negotiability of medical services.

• Analyze sociocultural and economic factors influencing each generation’s views. 
• Include surveys or studies that highlight these generational differences. 
• Discuss the potential reasons behind these differing perspectives, such as economic conditions and changes in healthcare systems.

Example

Older generations often view medical services as non-negotiable, while younger generations tend to negotiate medical expenses more frequently (Dougherty et al., 2022).

Sociocultural factors play a significant role; older generations grew up with more paternalistic healthcare models where doctors’ decisions were seldom questioned. Economically, they often had more stable jobs with comprehensive health benefits. In contrast, younger generations face economic instability, high healthcare costs, and a consumer-driven service approach (Kevin, 2018).

Surveys indicate that younger people are more likely to question and negotiate medical costs, influenced by the rise of high-deductible health plans and transparency tools. These differences reflect broader changes in the healthcare system, such as increased costs and the availability of price comparison resources.

Do you want to trust your health to the lowest bidder?

Evaluating Trust in Lowest Bidder for Healthcare

Now, we will reflect on the implications of trusting your health to the lowest bidder.

• Consider the quality of care, patient safety, and ethical implications. 
• Compare scenarios where cost-cutting measures may compromise service quality. 
• Support your points with examples from healthcare settings or industries with similar dynamics.

Example

Trusting healthcare to the lowest bidder raises significant concerns about quality and safety. Quality of care may suffer as providers cut costs to offer lower prices, potentially compromising patient safety and outcomes (Perry, 2017). For example, hospitals might use cheaper, lower-quality materials or reduce staffing levels, leading to higher rates of medical errors.

Similar risks are revealed in healthcare compared with other industries, such as construction. Cost-cutting often results in lower quality and safety standards. Therefore, prioritizing cost over quality in healthcare can lead to detrimental consequences for patient health.

What if you get sick? Will you call around to see the cost of office visits? If that were to become standard practice, in what ways could your future profession be impacted?

Impact of Standard Practice of Price Shopping in Healthcare

For this section of the PHIL 210 Module six Paper: Is healthcare a commodity or a service?, we will assess how price shopping for healthcare services could impact your future profession.

• Discuss potential positive and negative consequences.
• Consider how this practice could influence patient behavior, healthcare delivery, and professional ethics. 
• Use examples from healthcare markets where price transparency is practiced.

Example

If price shopping for healthcare services became standard, it could have mixed impacts on the profession.

On the positive side, increased transparency could drive competition, potentially lowering costs and improving service quality. Patients might become more informed and engaged in their healthcare decisions (Perry, 2017). However, it could also lead to fragmented care as patients prioritize cost over continuity and quality of care.

Examples from healthcare markets, such as elective procedures, where price transparency is standard, show benefits and drawbacks. While patients can make cost-effective choices, focusing on price can sometimes overlook crucial aspects of care quality and outcomes.

Making hospitals post their pricing, at first glance, seems like a good idea, but what Does the price at hospital A include things (better supplies, care by better staff, above standard practices, in-patient rehab, etc.) that the price at hospital B doesn’t include?

Analysis of Hospital Pricing Transparency

Now, evaluate the pros and cons of hospitals posting their pricing.

• Analyze the implications for patient decision-making, hospital competition, and healthcare costs. 
• Consider the factors that might not be included in listed prices (e.g., quality of care, additional services). 
• Provide examples where pricing transparency has been implemented and its outcomes.

Example

On the positive side, it empowers patients to make informed decisions, fosters competition and drives down prices (Dougherty et al., 2022).. However, it also has drawbacks, such as the complexity of healthcare pricing. Prices at Hospital A might include comprehensive services and higher quality care compared to Hospital B, which might not be immediately apparent to patients.

Examples from states like California, where pricing transparency laws have been implemented, show mixed outcomes. While transparency has led to some price reductions, it has also caused confusion among patients about what services are included in the listed prices.

What about situations where rural hospitals charge more for procedures based on the lack of other options? What impacts could be felt if more patients see that the same procedure at a hospital 100 miles away is cheaper?

Rural Hospitals and Pricing Challenges

Here, we will discuss the ethical and practical challenges of higher prices at rural hospitals.

• Examine the reasons behind higher costs in rural areas, such as limited options and higher operational costs. 
• Consider the impact on patient access and healthcare equity. 
• Support your analysis using case studies or data from rural healthcare settings.

Example

Rural hospitals often charge more due to limited options and higher operational costs.

These higher costs are driven by fewer patients, higher per-patient overheads, and the necessity to offer a broader range of services with limited resources. This situation can exacerbate healthcare inequities as rural patients might forgo necessary treatments due to higher costs (Kevin, 2018).

Case studies from rural healthcare settings illustrate these challenges and highlight the ethical dilemma of ensuring equitable access to care while maintaining financial viability.

When considering the higher prices of EpiPen a few years ago, if you were CEO, would you allow the considerable price inflation? Why or why not?

Case Study: EpiPen Price Inflation from a CEO’s Perspective

For this PHIL 210 Module six Paper: Is healthcare a commodity or a service?, we will debate whether you would allow significant price inflation if you were the CEO.

• Consider price inflation’s ethical, economic, and social implications. 
• Reflect on stakeholder interests, including patients, shareholders, and the broader public. 
• Use the EpiPen case as a basis and compare it with similar situations in the pharmaceutical industry.

Example

Considering the EpiPen price hike, as a CEO, the decision to allow such inflation involves weighing ethical, economic, and social implications.

Ethically, significant price inflation can be seen as exploiting patients, especially those dependent on the medication (CBS News, 2017). Economically, while it might benefit shareholders in the short term, it risks long-term backlash and regulatory scrutiny. Socially, it damages public trust and exacerbates healthcare inequities.

Comparing the EpiPen case to similar situations in the pharmaceutical industry, such as insulin pricing, shows the importance of balancing profit motives with ethical responsibilities to patients and society.

Closing

This PHIL 210 Module six Paper: Is healthcare a commodity or a service? encourages a deep dive into the ethical and economic aspects of healthcare pricing and accessibility. By critically examining various scenarios and perspectives, you will develop a nuanced understanding of the complexities involved in healthcare economics and ethics. The critical takeaway is balancing economic considerations with ethical responsibilities to ensure equitable and high-quality healthcare for all. By following this How-To Owlisdom Guide, you will be well-equipped to tackle each section of the assignment, providing a comprehensive and well-supported analysis. The upcoming module of PHIL 210 revolves around Academic Integrity & Reflection.

References

CBS News. (2017, January 27). EpiPen price hike controversy: Mylan CEO Heather Bresch speaks out – CBS News – Norah O’Donnell interview – CBS News. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/epipen-price-hike-controversy-mylan-ceo-heather-bresch-speaks-out/

Dougherty, T., Dauner, D., & Ehnes C., C. (2022). 10 Things to Expect from the New Hospital Price Transparency Rule.

Kevin. (2018, May 12). Health care is not a service commodity. KevinMD.Com. https://www.kevinmd.com/2018/05/health-care-is-not-a-service-commodity.html

Perry, M. (2017, January 13). Health Care Is a Commodity, Not a Right—And Markets, Not Government, Are the Solution in Medical Care. American Enterprise Institute – AEI. https://www.aei.org/carpe-diem/health-care-is-a-commodity-not-a-right-and-markets-not-government-are-the-solution-in-medical-care/

PHIL 210 Module Seven discussion: Academic Integrity

Instructions of PHIL 210 Module Seven discussion

Discussion Board 7: Academic Integrity

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Purpose

Too often when learning institutions put integrity protections in place, students get really frustrated with all the “red tape”. But, here’s the thing…even if you are committed to being true to yourself and would do nothing that demeans or dishonors you, if those protections weren’t ther,e it would be so much easier for those without the same intention to get away with fraudulent actions. You may think that if you’re not doing it, then what does it matter if someone else does? That’s exactly what we are going to discuss this week.

Task

• Create an original post in response to the prompts below by Thursday at 5 pm, then respond to 2 peers by Sunday at 11:59

Instructions

1. Watch this video
   
   
2. Read this article

•  Does It Matter Where You Go To College? Some Context For The Admissions ScandalLinks to an external site.

Then respond to the following prompts

• What are your reactions to the above resources?
• Do scandals like those mentioned above affect students who were accepted or graduate on their own merits?
• When you think of the degree you are pursuing, what it represents and the value it brings, what role does academic integrity play in those thoughts?
• If you discover a fellow student is cheating on exams, do you have an obligation to say something to the course faculty? If you remain silent, does the other student’s lack of integrity affect you directly? Why or why not?
• What if, after graduation, the person who cheated in #3 wants to work with you and asks you to put in a good word with your employer? Would you agree to talk to your employer? Would you want this person as a co-worker? How does their lack of integrity as a student impact your professional opinion of them?

Original post: Due Thursday by 5 pm Response post: 2 peers by Sunday at 11:59 pm

Introduction to PHIL 210 Module Seven Discussion

This PHIL 210 Module Seven discussion: Academic Integrity, explores the significance of academic integrity within healthcare education. Students are required to reflect on their reactions to specific resources, examine the effects of academic scandals, and understand the role of integrity in their educational pursuits. This PHI 210 How-To Guide delves into the ethical obligations of reporting cheating and the professional implications of academic dishonesty among peers.

What are your reactions to the above resources?

Reactions to Academic Integrity Resources

To start the PHIL 210 Module Seven discussion: Academic Integrity, reflect on your reactions to the provided resources on academic integrity.

• Begin by summarizing the key points from each resource. 
• Discuss how these points resonate with your own experiences and beliefs. 
• Consider both the immediate emotional reaction and the long-term implications of these insights on your approach to academic work.

Example

Reactions to Academic Integrity Resources

Several key points stand out when reflecting on the NPR article about the college admissions scandal. The scandal highlighted the unethical practices of affluent families who manipulated the system to secure college admissions for their children. It raised questions about fairness and the integrity of the admissions process. These points resonate deeply with my experiences and beliefs, evoking frustration and disappointment. It underscores the importance of a merit-based system and the long-term impact such scandals can have on my approach to academic work, reinforcing the necessity of upholding integrity in all educational endeavors.

Do scandals like those above affect students who were accepted or graduated on their own merits?

Impact of Scandals on Meritorious You

Here, discuss how academic scandals affect those who have earned their achievements through hard work.

• Analyze the psychological and reputational impacts on meritorious you. 
• Consider the broader effects on the academic community, including trust and morale. 
• Use specific examples from the resources or related cases to support your points.

Example

Academic scandals have significant psychological and reputational impacts on students who have earned their achievements through hard work. These scandals can erode trust and morale within the educational community, leading to feelings of unfairness and disillusionment. For instance, legitimate students may feel their accomplishments are devalued or questioned due to the actions of a few. This broader effect undermines the integrity of the educational system, emphasizing the need for stringent measures to preserve academic honesty and fairness.

When you think of the degree you are pursuing, what it represents, and its value, what role does academic integrity play in those thoughts?

Role of Academic Integrity in Degree Value

Now, reflect on how academic integrity influences the value of the degree you are pursuing.

• Define academic integrity and explain its importance in maintaining the credibility and value of your degree. 
• Discuss how integrity in your academic work can enhance your personal and professional reputation. 
• Reference ethical theories and principles to support your arguments.

Example

Academic integrity is crucial in maintaining the credibility and value of any degree. It ensures that the qualifications and skills the degree represents are earned honestly and reflect actual competence. Integrity in academic work enhances personal and professional reputations, as it demonstrates a commitment to ethical standards. Ethical theories, such as Kantian deontology, stress the intrinsic value of honesty and integrity, reinforcing their importance in education and professional development.

If you discover a fellow student is cheating on exams, do you have to say something to the course faculty? If you remain silent, does the other student’s lack of integrity affect you directly? Why or why not?

Obligation to Report Cheating

Consider whether you must report a fellow student cheating on exams.

• Evaluate the ethical implications of reporting versus staying silent. 
• Discuss the potential consequences of each choice on yourself, the cheating student, and the academic institution. 
• Reference ethical theories such as utilitarianism and deontology to justify your stance.

Example

Reporting a fellow student cheating involves complex ethical considerations. From a practical perspective, reporting helps maintain the integrity of the academic institution and ensures fairness for all students. Conversely, remaining silent could perpetuate dishonesty, negatively affecting the institution’s reputation and the value of its degrees. Deontologically, there is a duty to uphold ethical standards, suggesting a moral obligation to report cheating to preserve the academic community’s integrity.

What if, after graduation, the person who cheated in #3 wants to work with you and asks you to put in a good word with your employer? Would you agree to talk to your employer? Would you like this person as a co-worker? How does their lack of integrity as a student impact your professional opinion of them?

Professional Implications of Academic Dishonesty

Reflect on the professional implications if a known cheater asks for your support after graduation.

• Consider how their past academic dishonesty affects your perception of their professional integrity. 
• Discuss whether you would feel comfortable recommending them to an employer and the potential risks involved. 
• Reflect on how this decision aligns with your professional values and ethical standards.

Example

If a known cheater seeks my support after graduation, their past academic dishonesty would significantly impact my perception of their professional integrity. Recommending them to an employer would raise ethical concerns and potential risks, as their lack of integrity could reflect poorly on my judgment and harm the organization’s reputation. Aligning with my professional values and ethical standards, I would hesitate to endorse someone whose past actions undermine trust and honesty, essential qualities in any professional setting.

Peer Responses

According to the instructions of PHIL 210 Module Seven discussion: Academic Integrity, we are supposed to write two peer responses. I have addressed the given instructions in one response. Following these instructions, you can write your peer responses to Module 7 Discussion without a hassle.

Response 01

Hey Sam, nice post! Your detailed response effectively captures the complexities and ethical considerations surrounding academic integrity. Using specific examples and ethical theories strengthens your arguments and demonstrates a deep understanding of the topic. Your reflections on the impact of academic scandals and the role of integrity in education are insightful and well-articulated. Your response is logically coherent, supported with evidence, and written in an engaging, human-like tone, maintaining the balance between low perplexity and high burstiness.

Response 02

Responding to peers is vital to the PHIL 210 Module Seven discussion posts. We need to provide at least two peer responses. I have provided one example post. You can write your peer responses keeping the above points in mind.

Closing

The PHIL 210 Module Seven discussion: Academic Integrity emphasizes the critical role of academic integrity in healthcare education and its broader implications for professional practice. By reflecting on personal reactions, understanding the impacts of academic scandals, and considering the ethical obligations of reporting dishonesty, you know the importance comprehensively. The key takeaway is the connection between academic integrity and the credibility of professional qualifications.

By following this How-To Owlisdom Guide, you will be well-equipped to address each section of the assignment, ensuring a thorough and reflective analysis that upholds the principles of academic and professional integrity. The upcoming module of PHIL 210 revolves around The Last One.

PHIL 210 Week Seven Reflection Paper: The Last One

Instructions of PHIL 210 week seven reflection paper

Reflection Paper 7: The Last One

Purpose

Considering the ethical journey we have taken this semester, this week we are going to pause and look back to reflect on how this semester has impacted you. I want all the details, the good, the better, and if it exists…the not-so-good. 

Task

• Compose a reflection paper, according to the guidelinesLinks to an external site., in response to the instructions below.

Instructions

1. Respond to the following prompts: 

• What was your favorite PHIL210 reflection paper this semester and why?
• Ethics in Healthcare – This class is almost over, how would you explain this class in three sentences or less. 
• Back to the first reflection paper…Who are you really, ethically? Please discuss how this class impacted you this semester (There is no right or wrong answer).

Your response needs to be AT LEAST 2 pages long The submission should be double spaced, 12pt Times New Roman font Due by Sunday at 11:59 pm

Rubric

Reflection Papers (1)

Introduction to PHIL 210 Module Seven Reflection Paper

The PHIL 210 week seven reflection paper: The Last One prompts you to reflect on your learning experiences throughout the Ethics in Healthcare course. You will identify your favorite reflection paper, summarize the course succinctly, and revisit your initial thoughts on your ethical self. This PHIL 210 How-To Guide is designed to help you assess your personal growth and the impact of the course on your ethical perspectives.

What was your favorite PHIL210 reflection paper this semester, and why?

Reflecting on Your Favorite PHIL210 Reflection Paper

To start the PHIL 210 week seven reflection paper: The Last One, identify and discuss your favorite reflection paper from the semester.

• Choose a paper that significantly impacted your understanding or perspective.
• Provide a detailed explanation of why this paper stood out to you. Consider the following aspects:

• Content: What was the topic, and why was it engaging or meaningful?
• Insights: How did writing this paper enhance your understanding of healthcare ethics?
• Personal Growth: How did this paper contribute to your ethical development or personal growth?

• Reference specific points from the reflection paper to support your explanation.

Example

Reflecting on the most impactful PHIL210 paper this semester, the one that critically examined the ethical dimensions of patient autonomy and informed consent stands out. This paper was pivotal in shaping my understanding due to its comprehensive exploration of the patient-physician dynamic and the intricate balance required between honoring patient choices and ensuring informed medical decisions.

The paper’s content was both intellectually stimulating and personally significant. It addressed the nuanced interplay of ethical principles in practical healthcare scenarios. The presented case studies catalyzed a deeper comprehension of the complexities, enhancing my understanding of healthcare ethics.

Ethics in Healthcare—This class is almost over. How would you explain this class in three sentences or fewer? 

Summarizing the Ethics in Healthcare Class in Three Sentences

Explain the Ethics in Healthcare class in three sentences or fewer.

• Be brief and to the point.
• Highlight the core themes and objectives of the course.
• Reflect on the overall impact of the course on your understanding of healthcare ethics.

Example

Writing this paper was instrumental in my ethical and personal development. It encouraged a thorough examination of my inherent biases and underscored the necessity of empathy within the healthcare context. By citing specific examples from the paper, I can substantiate its profound influence on my ethical maturation.

The Ethics in Healthcare course can be briefly summarized as an insightful expedition through the moral considerations of medical practice, revealing the fundamental themes of patient rights, justice, and professional integrity. The course aimed to give students the analytical skills to handle ethical challenges adeptly. Reflecting on the course’s overall impact has significantly enriched my understanding of the moral facets of healthcare and their critical role in patient treatment.

Revisiting the ethical self-assessment from the initial reflection paper, I realized that my early ethical viewpoint was somewhat romantic and centered around optimistic expectations of healthcare delivery. The progression of this course has profoundly influenced my ethical perspective, instilling a more sophisticated awareness of the moral underpinnings of healthcare decisions.

Back to the first reflection paper…Who are you really, ethically? Please discuss how this class impacted you this semester.

Revisiting the First Reflection Paper: Who Are You Ethically?

Discuss how the class has impacted you ethically since the first reflection paper.

• Initial Perspective: Briefly summarize your initial ethical stance described in the first reflection paper.
• Changes and Growth: Discuss any changes in your ethical perspective or new insights gained throughout the course.
• Examples: Describe how the course content or discussions influenced your ethical views.
• Personal and Professional Impact: Reflect on how these changes will impact your personal and professional life.

Conclusion

The PHIL 210 week seven reflection paper: The Last One encourages a comprehensive reflection on your journey through the Ethics in Healthcare course. By revisiting your favorite reflection paper, summarizing the course, and reflecting on your ethical development, you will better understand the course’s impact on your personal growth and moral perspectives. The critical takeaway is continuous reflection and moral awareness in personal and professional contexts. Following this How-To Owlisdom Guide, you can thoughtfully and effectively address each part of the assignment, ensuring a thorough and reflective submission. The upcoming module of PHIL 210 revolves around Professor for the Day!

PHIL 210 week eight discussion: Professor for the Day!

Instructions of PHIL 210 week eight discussion

• Discussion Board 8: Professor for the Day!
  No unread replies.No replies.
  Discussion Board Instructions
  There are two prompts to respond to this week:
  The class is rapidly coming to a close. It has been a custom in my class to ask the follow two questions as the last two discussion board post questions:

1. Please share what your favorite PHIL210 discussion board post from this semester was and why.
2. You are Professor for the Day: What two questions would you ask on the final exam? Please choose wisely as I will take several of your responses and use them on the final exam. 

Thanks… Professor Wyvill

Introduction to PHIL 210 Module Eight Discussion

The PHIL 210 week eight discussion: Professor for the Day! invites you to reflect on your learning experiences throughout the PHIL210 course by identifying your favorite discussion board post and explaining why it resonated with you. Additionally, you will step into the Professor for a Day role to formulate two thoughtful and impactful questions for the final exam. This PHIL 210 How-To Guide encourages critical thinking and self-assessment, enhancing your understanding and appreciation of the course material.

Please share your favorite PHIL210 discussion board post from this semester and why.

Reflecting on Your Favorite Discussion Board Post

To start the PHIL 210 week eight discussion: Professor for the Day!, we will identify and discuss your favorite discussion board post from the semester.

• Selection: Choose a post that significantly impacted your learning or perspective.
• Explanation: Provide a detailed explanation of why this post stood out to you. Consider the following aspects:
• Content: What was the topic, and why was it engaging or meaningful?
• Interaction: Did the discussion with peers or the instructor enhance your understanding or interest?
• Personal Growth: How did this post contribute to your personal or academic growth in healthcare ethics?
• Evidence: Reference specific points from the discussion to support your explanation.

Example

One discussion board post that significantly impacted my learning was the debate on the ethical implications of healthcare rationing. The topic was particularly engaging because it tackled the real-world challenges of resource allocation in healthcare systems. This discussion was meaningful as it highlighted the problematic decisions healthcare professionals must make when resources are limited, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The interaction with peers and the instructor enriched my understanding. My classmates shared diverse perspectives, drawing from ethical theories such as utilitarianism and deontology. The instructor’s insights helped clarify complex concepts, making the discussion more comprehensive. This collaborative learning environment fostered critical thinking and allowed me to see the issue from multiple viewpoints.

This post contributed significantly to my personal and academic growth. It deepened my understanding of healthcare ethics and improved my ability to analyze ethical dilemmas. I learned to balance theoretical knowledge with practical considerations, an essential skill for my future healthcare career.

You are Professor for the Day: What two questions would you ask on the final exam? Please choose wisely, as I will use several of your responses.

Formulating Final Exam Questions as Professor for the Day

Next, we will develop two questions you believe should be included in the final exam.

• Relevance: Ensure the questions are directly related to the core themes and objectives of the PHIL210 course.
• Complexity: Craft questions that challenge students to apply their knowledge critically and analytically.
• Clarity: Write straightforward, concise questions that are easily understandable.
• Types of Questions: Consider a mix of question types, such as:
• Analytical Questions: Require students to analyze scenarios or concepts.
• Application Questions: Involve applying ethical theories or principles to real-world situations.
• Examples: Provide a brief rationale for each question, explaining why you think it is essential and what it aims to assess.

Example

Question 1: Analytical Question

“Analyze a scenario where a hospital must decide between allocating a single available ICU bed to either a young patient with a high survival chance or an elderly patient with significant comorbidities. Discuss the ethical principles involved and justify your decision.”

Rationale: This question is essential because it challenges students to apply ethical theories to a realistic and critical situation, demonstrating their understanding of utilitarianism, justice, and respect for persons.

Question 2: Application Question

“How would you apply the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence to a patient refusing life-saving treatment due to cultural beliefs? Discuss the role of cultural competence in your approach.”

Rationale: This question assesses students’ ability to integrate ethical principles with cultural competence, a crucial aspect of modern healthcare. It encourages critical thinking and the application of knowledge to

Closing

This PHIL 210 week eight discussion: Professor for the Day! helps you reflect on your learning journey but also engages you in shaping the course’s evaluation. By identifying your favorite discussion board post, you acknowledge critical moments of learning and interaction. Creating exam questions allows you to consider the essential aspects of the course content, enhancing your understanding and appreciation of healthcare ethics. The key takeaway is the importance of reflective practice and active engagement in your educational experience. Following this How-To Owlisdom Guide, you can thoughtfully and effectively address each part of the assignment, ensuring a comprehensive and reflective submission.