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Instructions of SSGS 500 Week 6-2 Assignment
Week Six Assignments
The assignment for week six will help you develop your critical eye when it comes to reading the literature. The goal is for you to use this as an opportunity to identify the research design and methods that are being carried out by the authors. This skill will serve you moving forward as it will allow you to draw from the literature for your own research moving forward. Looking to the literature for clues can be helpful when it comes to designing your own research as you move forward in the program.
Select two articles from the list below—ONE FROM THE QUALITATIVE LIST AND ONE FROM THE QUANTITATIVE LIST and in two pages double-spaced (per article) address the following:
- Include the full reference for the article using the writing style specific to your program on the title page.
- Criminal Justice = APA
- International Relations, National Security, Military Studies, and Intelligence Studies = Chicago.
- Since multiple writing styles are in use within this course, on your title page, please note which style you are using within your assignment. This will help me cater my comments to the style you are using. The style you use needs to be the one that is used within your program of study.
- State the main goal(s) of the study
- Summarize the research design, and discuss the research method(s) used to answer the research question or assess the hypothesis.
- Summarize the results of the study.
- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the study’s research design.
- Provide a discussion on how the study can be moved forward. For example, how can the methods be used in your own research proposal? In what other research might these methods apply? Include two well-phrased research questions that could be used in follow-on studies to the one reviewed.
Format: You should have one-inch margins on all four sides of your papers; your title page should include your name and date; you should use 12-point times new roman font throughout.
Things to keep in mind:
Avoid using the first person in formal writing and instead, write with an academic voice throughout. Academic voice is usually written in the third person (he, she, it), not the first person (I, we) or second person (you). Be consistent in voice and person. See Grammar Girl, “First, Second, and Third Person,” Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing, January 20, 2011. Furthermore, the academic voice avoids abbreviations, contractions, jargon, and slang. Even informal academic discussions are more formal than casual chats among friends.
The body of your work should be made up of no more than 20% direct quotes.
Note: In the case of a broken link each of these articles can be found either within the APUS online library or on the open web.
QUALITATIVE ARTICLES
Criminal Justice Articles
Galanek, Joseph D, Janelle Duda, Daniel J. Flannery, Jeff Kretschmar, and Frederick Butcher. 2016. “Fugitive Safe Surrender: A Qualitative Analysis of Participants’ Reasons for Surrender and Anticipated Outcomes to Inform Program Evaluation.” Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice & Criminology 4, no. 2 (November): 161-187.
Staton, Monte D. and Arthur J. Lurigio. 2016. “Explaining Similarities and Variations in Program Structures and Professional Roles in Midwestern Mental Health Courts.” Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice & Criminology 4, no. 2 (November): 188-216.
Dittman, Layne, and Jurg Gerber. 2016. “Framing Legitimacy: A Qualitative Analysis Examining Local Print-Media Portrayals of an Immigrant Family Detention Center in Texas.” Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice & Criminology 4, no. 2 (November): 217-243.
Martinez-Prather, Kathy, Joseph M. McKenna, and Scott W. Bowman. 2016. “The School-to-Prison Pipeline: How Roles of School-Based Law Enforcement Officers May Impact Disciplinary Actions.” Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice & Criminology 4, no. 2 (November): 244-272.
Emergency Management and Disaster Preparedness Articles
Khan, Yasmin, Tracey O’Sullivan, Adalsteinn Brown, Tracey Shannon, Jennifer Gibson, Mélissa Généreux, Bonnie Henry, and Brian Schwartz. “Public Health Emergency Preparedness: A Framework to Promote Resilience.” BMC Public Health 18, (2018). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6250-7. http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fscholarly-journals%2Fpublic-health-emergency-preparedness-framework%2Fdocview%2F2158579777%2Fse-2.
Sumarno, S., T. Nainggolan, R. Murni, R. G. Erwinsyah, and L. Andriyani. “Synergy between Disaster Preparedness Area Program with Local Institutions for Community Disaster Preparedness.” IOP Conference Series.Earth and Environmental Science 1027, no. 1 (05, 2022): 012018. doi:https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1027/1/012018. http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fscholarly-journals%2Fsynergy-between-disaster-preparedness-area%2Fdocview%2F2669583508%2Fse-2.
Intelligence Studies Articles
Stime, Britta. 2017. “Counterinsurgency Agent Networks and Noncombatant-Targeted Violence.” Intelligence and National Security 32, no. 1: 107-125.
Thomson, James. 2016. “Governance Costs and Defense Intelligence Provision in the UK: A Case-Study in Microeconomic Theory.” Intelligence and National Security 31, no. 6: 844-857.
Nussio, Enzo and Kimberly Howe. 2016. “When Protection Collapses: Post-Demobilization Trajectories of Violence.” Terrorism and Political Violence 28, no. 5: 848-867.
Rabinowitz Or and Nicholas L. Miller. 2015. “Keeping the Bombs in the Basement: U.S. Nonproliferation Policy toward Israel, South Africa, and Pakistan.” International Security 40, no. 1: 47-86.
International Relations and Conflict Resolution Articles
Ide, Tobias. 2015. Why do conflicts over scarce renewable resources turn violent? A qualitative comparative analysis. Global Environmental Change 33 : 61-70. http://http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy2.apus.edu/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.04.008
Abdulkadir, Rahma, and Caroline Ackley. 2014. “The Role of Shari’a-Based Restorative Justice in the Transition from Armed Conflict to Peacebuilding: Do Somalis Hold the View That the Restorative Justice Aspects within Qisas Offer a Solution?.” Northeast African Studies 14, no. 2: 111-131. International Security & Counter Terrorism Reference Center, EBSCOhost (accessed January 3, 2017). http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=tsh&AN=98799055&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Oyewole, Samuel. 2016. The fate of hostages: Nigeria’s conflict theatres in comparative perspective. African Security Review 25 (2): 193-207. http://www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/doi/full/10.1080/10246029.2016.1155466
National Security/Military Studies Articles
Jones, David and M.L.R. Smith. 2010. “Beyond Belief: Islamist Strategic Thinking and International Relations Theory.” Terrorism and Political Violence 22, no. 2: 242-266.
Kaldor, Mary. 2013. “In Defense of New Wars.” Stability: International Journal of Security & Development 2, no. 1.
Kilcullen, David J. 2012. “The City as a System: Future Conflict and Urban Resilience.” The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 36, no. 2 (Summer): 19-39.
Hafez, Mohammed and Creighton Mullins. 2015. “The Radicalization Puzzle: A Theoretical Synthesis of Empirical Approaches to Homegrown Terrorism.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 38, no. 11: 958-975.
QUANTITATIVE ARTICLES
Criminal Justice Articles
Parker, Karen F., Richard Stansfield, and Patricia L. McCall. 2016. “Temporal Changes in Racial Violence, 1980 to 2006: A Latent Trajectory Approach.” Journal of Criminal Justice 47 (December), 1-11.
Nix, Justin and Scott E. Wolfe. 2016. “Sensitivity to the Ferguson Effect: The Role of Managerial Organizational Justice.” Journal of Criminal Justice 47 (December): 12-20.
Collins, Rachael E. 2016. “Addressing the Inconsistencies in Fear of Crime Research: A Meta-Analytic Review.” Journal of Criminal Justice 47 (December): 21-31.
Mitchell, Meghan M., Kallee Spooner, Di Jia, and Yan Zhang. 2016. “The Effect of Prison Visitation on Reentry Success: A Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Criminal Justice 47 (December): 74-83.
Emergency Management and Disaster Preparedness Articles
Beesley, L. J., Patelli, P., Kaufeld, K., Schwenk, J., Martinez, K. M., Pitts, T., Barnard, M., McMahon, B., & Del Valle, S. Y. (2023). Multi-dimensional resilience: A quantitative exploration of disease outcomes and economic, political, and social resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic in six countries. PloS One, 18(1), e0279894–e0279894. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279894
Sharma, U. C., Attwood, K., & Pokharel, S. (2022). Quantitative analysis of International Health Regulations Annual Reports to identify global disparities in the preparedness for radiation emergencies. BMJ Open, 12(9), e052670–e052670. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052670
Intelligence Studies Articles
Phillips, Matthew D. 2016. “Time Series Applications to Intelligence Analysis: A Case Study of Homicides in Mexico.” Intelligence and National Security 31, no. 5: 729-745.
Piazza, James A. 2017. “Repression and Terrorism: A Cross-National Empirical Analysis of Types of Repression and Domestic Terrorism.” Terrorism and Political Violence 29, no. 1: 102-118.
Marsden, Sarah V. 2016. “A Social Movement Theory Typology of Militant Organisations: Contextualising Terrorism.” Terrorism and Political Violence 28, no. 4: 750-773.
Agroskin, Dmitrij, Eva Jonas, and Eva Traut-Mattausch. 2015. “When Suspicious Minds Go Political: Distrusting and Justifying the System at the Same Time.” Political Psychology 36, no. 6: 613-629.
International Relations and Conflict Resolution Articles
Horowitz, M. C., & Stam, A. C. (2014). How prior military experience influences the future militarized behavior of leaders. International Organization, 68(3), 527-559. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy2.apus.edu/10.1017/S0020818314000046 http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/docview/1690481493?pq-origsite=summon
Peksen, Dursun. 2016. Economic sanctions and official ethnic discrimination in target countries, 1950-2003. Defence and Peace Economics 27 (4): 480-502. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy2.apus.edu/10.1080/10242694.2014.920219
Tarzi, S. M., & Emami, A. (2014). Developed vs. developing countries and international trade liberalization: A comparative analysis. The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies, 39(1), 24-51. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/docview/1526125955?accountid=8289
National Security and Military Studies Articles
Kalyvas, Stathis N. 1999. “Wanton and Senseless: The Logic of Massacres in Algeria.” Rationality and Society 11, no. 3: 243-285.
Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, Randolph M. Siverson, and Gary Woller. 1992. “War and the Fate of Regimes: A Comparative Analysis.” The American Political Science Review 86, no. 3 (September): 638-646.
Tversky, Amos and Daniel Kahneman. 1992. “Advances in Prospect Theory: Cumulative Representation of Uncertainty.” Journal of Risk & Uncertainty 5, no. 4: 297-323.
Sprecher, Christopher. 2004. “Alliance Formation and the Timing of War Involvement.” International Interactions 30, no. 4: 331-347.
Morgan, T. Clifton. 1990. “Issue Linkages in International Crisis Bargaining.” American Journal of Political Science 34, no. 2 (May): 311-333.
Step-By-Step Guide on SSGS 500 Week 6-2 Assignment: Qualitative and Quantitative Article Reviews
Introduction to SSGS 500 Week Six Assignment
The SSGS 500 Week 6-2 Assignment: Qualitative and Quantitative Article Reviews focuses on developing critical analysis skills by examining selected academic articles’ research designs and methods. Analysing qualitative and quantitative studies, you will learn to identify key research components and assess their effectiveness. This Owlisdom How-To Guide will enhance your ability to draw and apply insights from the literature to your research projects.
We must choose one article from the qualitative list and one from the quantitative list in the provided course materials.
State the primary goal(s) of the study.
State the Main Goal(s) of the Study.
To start the SSGS 500 Week 6-2 Assignment: Qualitative and Quantitative Article Reviews for Research Designs and Methods, we will first state the main goals of our chosen case studies. I am providing a sample solution for one of the articles here.
- Identify the primary objectives the authors aimed to achieve.
- Articulate the research questions or hypotheses the study addresses.
- Explain the significance of the study’s goals in the field context.
Reference
Galanek, J. D., Duda, J., Flannery, D. J., Kretschmar, J., & Butcher, F. (2016). Fugitive Safe Surrender: A Qualitative Analysis of Participants’ Reasons for Surrender and Anticipated Outcomes to Inform Program Evaluation. Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice & Criminology. https://doi.org/10.21428/88de04a1.f13ca015
Main Goal(s) of the Study
The primary goal of the study “ Fugitive Safe Surrender: A Qualitative Analysis of Participants’ Reasons for Surrender and Anticipated Outcomes to Inform Program Evaluation” was to explore and understand police officers’ attitudes and perceptions when interacting with individuals experiencing mental illness (Galanek et al., 2016). The authors aimed to identify the challenges and strategies employed by officers during these interactions and examine how these perceptions impacted their professional conduct and decision-making processes.
The study addressed several research questions: How do police officers perceive individuals with mental illness? What are the common challenges faced by officers during interactions with mentally ill individuals? What strategies do officers use to manage these interactions effectively?
The study’s goals are significant as they provide insights into the complexities of policing mental illness. This understanding is crucial for developing training programs, policies, and interventions that enhance officers’ ability to manage such interactions humanely and effectively, thereby potentially reducing incidents of violence and improving outcomes for mentally ill individuals.
Summarise the research design and discuss the research method(s) used to answer the research question or assess the hypothesis.
Summarise the Research Design and Methods
Next, in SSGS 500 Week 6-2 Assignment: Qualitative and Quantitative Article Reviews. We will summarise the research design and methods used in the selected case studies.
- Describe the overall framework of the study, such as experimental, correlational, or case study.
- Highlight the structure and approach used to conduct the research.
- Outline the specific techniques and procedures employed to collect and analyse data.
- Discuss whether the study used surveys, interviews, observations, experiments, or secondary data analysis.
Research Design and Methods
The study utilised an ethnographic research design, which is well-suited for exploring the nuanced and contextual experiences of police officers in their natural environment. Ethnography involves detailed observation and interaction with participants to understand their behaviours, attitudes, and social interactions deeply (Galanek et al., 2016).
The researchers conducted participant observations and in-depth interviews with police officers. This immersive approach allowed the researchers to observe officers in action and gather rich qualitative data on their attitudes and perceptions.
To collect data, the researchers accompanied officers during their shifts, observing their interactions with mentally ill individuals. They conducted semi-structured interviews with the officers to investigate their personal experiences, attitudes, and perceptions. The data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify recurring themes and patterns in the officers’ attitudes and strategies.
Summarise the results of the study.
Summarise the Results of the Study
For this section of the SSGS 500 Week 6-2 Assignment: Qualitative and Quantitative Article Reviews, we will summarise the results we discovered from the selected articles.
- Provide a concise overview of the key findings.
- Include any significant data points, statistical results, or themes identified by the researchers.
- Discuss how these results answer the research questions or support/refute the hypotheses.
Results of the Study
The study revealed several key findings. Officers often viewed mentally ill individuals with a mix of empathy and frustration, acknowledging the complexities of their condition while feeling ill-equipped to manage them effectively. Common challenges included a lack of mental health training, limited resources, and the unpredictability of interactions with mentally ill individuals (Galanek et al., 2016). Officers employed various strategies to manage these interactions, such as de-escalation techniques and relying on mental health professionals.
Significant themes identified in the study included the necessity for better mental health training, the importance of inter-agency collaboration between police and mental health services, and the impact of officers’ attitudes on their decision-making and professional conduct. The findings supported the hypothesis that police officers face significant challenges when dealing with mentally ill individuals and that their perceptions can profoundly influence their interactions and outcomes.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the study’s research design.
Discuss the Advantages and Disadvantages of the Study’s Research Design
Next, in SSGS 500 Week 6-2 Assignment: Qualitative and Quantitative Article Reviews. We will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the case studies.
- Analyse the strengths of the research design, such as validity, reliability, and appropriateness for the research question.
- Identify limitations or weaknesses, such as sample size, potential biases, or generalizability issues.
- Provide a balanced evaluation to understand the robustness of the study’s design.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Research Design
The ethnographic approach provided a rich, contextualised understanding of officers’ attitudes and behaviours, enhancing the validity of the findings. Participant observation and in-depth interviews allowed for a comprehensive exploration of the officers’ experiences, providing in-depth insights that other methods might not capture (Galanek et al., 2016).
However, the study’s findings may not be generalisable due to the small, localised sample of officers. Additionally, the presence of researchers might have influenced officers’ behaviour (Hawthorne effect), potentially introducing bias. These factors highlight limitations in sample size and potential biases that can affect the generalizability and robustness of the study’s design.
Provide a discussion on how the study can be moved forward. For example, how can the methods be used in your research proposal? In what other research might these methods apply? Include two well-phrased research questions that could be used in follow-up studies to the one reviewed.
Discussion on Moving the Study Forward
We will discuss moving the study forward for the last segment of the SSGS 500 Week 6-2 Assignment: Qualitative and Quantitative Article Reviews.
- Reflect on how the methods and design can be adapted for your research proposals.
- Consider the practicality and relevance of these methods in addressing your research questions.
- Propose two research questions for future studies that build on the reviewed study’s findings.
- Ensure the questions are well-phrased and logically extend the current research.
Moving the Study Forward
The methods used in this study, such as participant observation and in-depth interviews, can be adapted for researching other complex, context-specific interactions within law enforcement or other fields requiring deep qualitative insights. These methods are particularly relevant for studies aiming to understand the experiences and perceptions of frontline professionals in high-stress environments, such as healthcare workers, social workers, and emergency responders (Galanek et al., 2016).
Reflecting on the study’s methods and design, future research could explore how police officers’ perceptions of mentally ill individuals change after specialised mental health training. Another potential research question could investigate the long-term impacts of inter-agency collaboration on the outcomes of police interactions with mentally ill individuals. These questions extend the current research logically and offer practical avenues for further study.
Closing
In the SSGS 500 Week 6-2 Assignment: Qualitative and Quantitative Article Reviews, you have critically analysed selected articles’ research designs and methods, gaining insights into their strengths and limitations. By understanding these aspects, you can enhance your ability to design robust research studies and contribute valuable knowledge to your field. This exercise sharpens your analytical skills and prepares you for future research endeavours. For the upcoming module, we will discuss Mixed Methods Research. In the next module of SSGS 500, we will explore the Week 7 Discussion on Mixed-Methods Research.
References
Galanek, J. D., Duda, J., Flannery, D. J., Kretschmar, J., & Butcher, F. (2016). Fugitive Safe Surrender: A Qualitative Analysis of Participants’ Reasons for Surrender and Anticipated Outcomes to Inform Program Evaluation. Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice & Criminology. https://doi.org/10.21428/88de04a1.f13ca015
Parker, K. F., Stansfield, R., & McCall, P. L. (2016). Temporal changes in racial violence, 1980 to 2006: A latent trajectory approach. Journal of Criminal Justice, 47, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.06.001
