SOCI212 – Social Problems: Understanding Major Social Issues and Their Impact on Communities

Introduction:

SOCI212 – Social Problems explores major issues like poverty, inequality, and discrimination that impact society today. Through a sociological lens, students learn to analyze causes and develop solutions for real-world challenges. Enhance your learning with expert support from Social Work Assignment Helpat Owlisdom.

Get the support you need to analyze social challenges and excel in your coursework.

SOCI 212 WEEK 1 Discussion: Defining Social Problems

Instructions for SOCI 212 Week 1 Discussion

Week 1: Defining Social Problems – A Visual Exploration

Note: This Discussion serves as your official entry into the course. This Week 1 Discussion must be submitted in the first week of the course to maintain your registration in the course. The initial responses are due by Thursday, 11:55 p.m. EST, while the responses to your peers are due by Sunday, 11:55 p.m. EST. Students who do not post to this forum at all by Sunday will be automatically dropped from the course.

Welcome everyone! For this week’s discussion, you will need to complete both Part 1 and Part 2 at the same time.

Part 1

First, introduce yourself in 50 words or fewer by answering the following question: Social problems are a key focus for political candidates in election years. Imagine you are a presidential candidate in the next election. What is the first major social problem you would want to address for the American people, and why does this social problem resonate with you personally or professionally? Second, read the Syllabus and Welcome Message for this course. Please state that you have read the Syllabus and Welcome Message that is posted on the Announcement page, and understand the course policies, expectations, and due dates. 

Part 2

Go to the “Humans of New York” website, Instagram page, or Facebook page and browse several narratives of people featured. Explore at least one social problem that individuals have discussed as part of their narratives, and discuss the following question:
Apply at least one of the major Sociological Theories outlined in this week’s lesson (Structural functionalism, Social Conflict, or Symbolic Interaction) to help understand the social problem discussed in the Humans of New York narrative you chose (Part 2 will comprise the remaining 200 or more words for your initial post).

Introduction to SOCI 212 Week 1 Discussion

Welcome to the How-To SOCI 212 Guide SOCI 212 Week 1 Discussion: Defining Social Problems. We will start by carefully reading the assignment instructions. Understand that this is a two-part task on social problems and sociological theories.

First, introduce yourself in 50 words or fewer by answering the following question: Social problems are a crucial focus for political candidates in election years. Imagine you are a presidential candidate in the next election. What is the first major social problem you would want to address for the American people, and why does this social problem resonate with you personally or professionally?

Part 1: Personal Introduction as a Presidential Candidate

For Part 1 of SOCI 212 Week 1 Discussion: Defining Social Problems, we have to provide a very brief introduction along with the answer to the scenario given in the instructions of the Week 1 Discussion. The discussion instructions mention “Syllabus and Welcome Message for this course.” If your instructor asks you to read these messages, you should go to your student portal and read the Syllabus and Welcome Message for this course first, and then continue with the Week 1 Discussion.

Crafting Your Introduction: Write a brief introduction of yourself in less than 50 words, positioning yourself as a presidential candidate. Keep it concise but impactful.

Identifying a Social Problem: Choose one major social problem you would address as a presidential candidate. Consider current social issues that have a broad impact on society.

Explaining Personal Resonance: Explain why this social problem resonates with you, personally or professionally. Discuss why it’s important and how it aligns with your values or experiences.

Example

As a presidential candidate, my priority is tackling climate change. This crisis impacts us all, threatening our health, economy, and future generations. Personally, witnessing its effects on local communities and understanding its global implications drives my commitment to sustainable solutions and environmental justice for a healthier planet.

Go to the “Humans of New York” website, Instagram page, or Facebook page and browse several narratives of people featured. Explore at least one social problem individuals have discussed as part of their narratives, and discuss the following question: Apply at least one of the significant Sociological Theories outlined in this week’s lesson (Structural functionalism, Social Conflict, or Symbolic Interaction) to help understand the social problem discussed in the Humans of New York narrative you chose.

Part 2: Analyzing a Narrative from Humans of New York

Next, we will analyze the narratives we explored on the website provided in the SOCI 212 Week 1 Discussion: Defining Social Problems instructions. I have selected Social Conflict for this discussion post.

Selecting a Narrative: Read several narratives by visiting the Humans of New York website. Choose one that discusses a social problem. Ensure the narrative provides enough depth to analyze.

Applying Social Conflict Theory: Familiarize yourself with Social Conflict Theory. This theory focuses on how societal power structures and inequalities cause social problems. Explain how this theory can be used to understand the social problem discussed in the narrative you selected.

Discussing the Social Problem: Analyze the chosen narrative through the lens of Social Conflict Theory. Discuss how the theory helps explain the causes and impacts of the social problem within the narrative.

Example

Analyzing a narrative from “Humans of New York” through the lens of Social Conflict Theory, one could select a story that delves into a social issue such as racial inequality, economic disparity, or gender discrimination. Social Conflict Theory, which highlights the role of power struggles and inequality in shaping social dynamics, offers a framework to understand the challenges individuals face within these narratives. For instance, a narrative about an immigrant facing employment barriers can illustrate the broader societal issue of systemic inequality. By applying Social Conflict Theory, one can analyze how societal structures and power imbalances contribute to the competitive job market, disadvantaging immigrants and perpetuating economic disparities. This approach sheds light on the individual’s struggle against systemic barriers and connects their experience to broader societal conflicts. Such an analysis reveals the pervasive impact of societal inequalities and underscores the importance of addressing these disparities to foster a more equitable society. This method of examination, grounded in Social Conflict Theory, emphasizes the significance of understanding and addressing the root causes of social problems to achieve societal change.

Closing

This How-To Owlisdom Guide will help students approach the assignment methodically, covering all necessary aspects while providing insightful analysis. SOCI 212 Week 1 Discussion: Defining Social Problems helps us understand the significance of Sociological Theories.

SOCI 212 WEEK 2: Assignment 1

Instructions for SOCI 212 Week 2

Choose one social problem relevant in some way to racial inequality, ethnic inequality, or gender inequality. Find a recent (within the last two years) news article related to your chosen issue.

> Do not select or include a journal article or an article from the “Series.” 

> Sources: Only one news article and the textbook.

Provide a 2-page summary and analysis of the article and the social problem in general. Do not submit more than two pages of content. The cover and reference pages do not count. Be sure to incorporate at least four social concepts from class into your analysis to support your key points. Use proper APA formatting. You must include a cover page, subheadings to identify the sections (summary and social concepts), in-text citations, and a reference list. Please start with a brief introduction, then the summary of the article, and the section on social concepts.

General requirements:

• Submissions should be typed, double-spaced, 1″ margins, Times New Roman 12 pt font, and saved as .doc, .docx, or .pdf.
• Use APA format for citations and references.
• View the grading rubric so you understand how you will be assessed on this Assignment. 
• Disclaimer: The originality of attachments will be verified by Turnitin. Both you and your instructor will receive the results.
• This course has “Resubmission” status enabled to help you if you realize you submitted an incorrect or blank file or if you need to submit multiple documents as part of your Assignment. Resubmission of an Assignment after it is graded to attempt a better grade is not permitted.

Recap

Previously, in SOCI 212 Week 1 Discussion, we learned how to introduce ourselves as a personal introduction as a presidential candidate. We also chose a social problem to analyze through the lens of Social Conflict. We discussed how the theory helps explain the causes and impacts of the social problem within the narrative.

This week, we will focus on reading an article related to a social problem, analyzing it, and reflecting on it.

Introduction to SOCI 212 Week 2

Welcome to the SOCI 212 Week 2: Assignment 1. This assignment revolves around your understanding of different social problems. I will provide brief and descriptive guidelines to solve the Week 2 Assignment and a dummy solution for each section. This How-To SOCI 212 Guide will equip you with guidelines to tackle all the queries related to the SOCI 212 Week 2: Assignment 1. Let us begin with the guide.

Note: I have selected “Racial Inequality” for this assignment.

Provide a 2-page summary and analysis of the article and social problems in general. Do not submit more than two pages of content. The cover and reference pages do not count. Be sure to incorporate at least four social concepts from class into your analysis to support your key points.

Address the Problem

Start by briefly describing your understanding of racial inequality and the importance of addressing this social problem.

• Understanding Racial Inequality: Begin by defining racial inequality, emphasizing its implications on society, and the importance of studying it to promote social justice.
• Importance of Addressing Racial Inequality: Explain why tackling racial inequality is crucial for achieving societal equality and harmony.

Example

Racial inequality refers to the unequal treatment and opportunities afforded to individuals based on their race, deeply ingrained in societal structures and institutions. This systemic issue affects access to education, employment, justice, and healthcare, perpetuating cycles of poverty and marginalization. Addressing racial inequality is crucial for fostering societal equality and harmony, ensuring all individuals have equal opportunities and rights, thereby promoting social justice and cohesion within diverse communities.

Selecting a Relevant Article

Select a relevant news article to support your arguments in the Week 2 Assignment.

I have chosen (Jun et al., 2022) for this assignment.

• Criteria for Selection: Choose recent articles (last two years) highlighting instances or studies of racial inequality. The provided link refers to a survey of racial disparities that fit these criteria.

Summarizing the Article

Next, we will provide a detailed summary of the article we chose for the Week 2 Assignment.

• Key Points to Identify: Look for the article’s main arguments, evidence provided, and conclusions drawn about racial inequality.
• Structuring Your Summary: Present a concise summary, starting with the article’s objective, key findings, and how it relates to racial inequality.

Example

The article from the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2022) investigates the systemic barriers to racial inequality in the United States, focusing on employment, healthcare, and education. Quantitative analysis reveals significant disparities affecting minority groups, particularly African Americans and Hispanics, highlighting the role of institutional racism and socio-economic factors. The findings underscore the persistent gap in opportunities and outcomes between racial groups, advocating for policy reforms to address these inequalities. The study emphasizes the importance of targeted interventions to dismantle systemic barriers and promote equity across all societal domains.

Analyzing the Social Problem

In this section of the SOCI 212 Week 2: Assignment 1, we will discuss at least four social concepts mentioned in the article we chose for this assignment.

• Identifying Social Concepts Related to Racial Inequality: Find at least four social concepts discussed in class that relate to racial inequality, such as systemic racism, privilege, discrimination, and social justice.
• Connecting the Article to Broader Social Issues: Discuss how the article’s findings exemplify broader societal problems of racial inequality.

Example

The article (Jun et al., 2022) provides a compelling examination of racial inequality through the lens of systemic racism, privilege, discrimination, and social justice, offering poignant examples that underscore the depth of these issues. Systemic racism manifests in employment disparities, where minorities often occupy lower-wage positions, and in healthcare, evidenced by the significant gaps in quality of care and health outcomes for African Americans and Hispanics (Lewis, 2024). The concept of privilege is highlighted by the differential access to educational opportunities and professional networks, predominantly favoring white individuals. Discrimination is vividly illustrated through racial profiling by law enforcement and the historical practice of redlining, severely limiting minorities’ access to housing and financial services. The study’s call for policy reforms advocates for social justice measures aimed at dismantling these deep-rooted barriers, underscoring the urgent need for societal change to address and rectify the pervasive impact of racial inequality on various aspects of life.

Incorporating Social Concepts

This section of SOCI 212 Week 2: Assignment 1 will incorporate the examples and findings from our chosen article.

• Explanation of Social Concepts: Briefly define each social concept selected for the analysis.
• Applying Concepts to Your Analysis: Illustrate how these concepts are reflected in the article’s findings and the broader issue of racial inequality.

Example

The article (Jun et al., 2022) dives into racial inequality, showcasing systemic racism through entrenched employment, healthcare, and education disparities that disproportionately affect African Americans and Hispanics. These examples embody systemic racism, where institutional structures perpetuate inequality. Privilege is evident in unequal access to education and jobs, favoring predominantly white populations. Discrimination surfaces in practices like racial profiling and redlining, limiting minorities’ access to fair justice and housing. The article’s call for policy reforms mirrors the social justice concept, advocating for changes to dismantle these barriers. These findings not only highlight the article’s alignment with social concepts of racial inequality but also stress the imperative need for comprehensive actions to combat these deep-rooted societal issues.

Conclusion

Sum up the essential findings and provide a conclusion of the arguments and discussion.

• Summarizing Key Findings: Concisely recap your analysis and the article’s contribution to understanding racial inequality.
• Reflecting on the Importance of Understanding Racial Inequality: End by reflecting on how this knowledge can contribute to addressing and mitigating racial disparities.

Example

The article presents compelling evidence of systemic racial inequalities in the United States, pinpointing significant disparities in employment, healthcare, and education primarily affecting African Americans and Hispanics. It underlines the crucial roles of systemic racism, privilege, discrimination, and the urgent need for social justice. Understanding these inequalities is pivotal for devising effective policy reforms and interventions aimed at dismantling the barriers that perpetuate racial disparities. This knowledge is indispensable in fostering a more equitable society where equal opportunities and justice are accessible to all, regardless of race.

Writing Your Analysis

After gathering all the data and examples necessary to support our argument, we will structure our assignment according to the SOCI 212 Week 2: Assignment 1 outline.

• Structuring Your Analysis: Organize your paper into an introduction, main body (summarization, analysis, application of social concepts), and conclusion.
• Supporting Your Points with Evidence: Use specific examples and data from the article to support your analysis.

Closing

This How-To Owlisdom Guide offers a structured approach to analyzing racial inequality through recent scholarly work to help you solve SOCI 212 Week 2: Assignment 1. Following these guidelines, you can dissect complex social issues effectively and contribute meaningfully to academic discussions on racial disparities to solve the Week 2 Assignment like a pro. 

Precap

In next week’s assignment, we will choose a social problem and start to explore research that has been conducted on the topic. We will choose one social problem to solve in SOCI 212 Week 3 Assignment.

References

Jun, S., Chow, R. M., van der Veen, A. M., & Bleich, E. (2022). Chronic frames of social inequality: How mainstream media frame race, gender, and wealth inequality. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(21), e2110712119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2110712119

Lewis, T. L. (2024). America’s Black Homelessness Epidemic: Rooted in Systemically Racist Public Policies and Administration.

SOCI 212 Week 3: Assignment 2

Instructions for SOCI 212 Week 3: Assignment 2

Overview

For this assignment, you will choose a social problem and start to explore research that has been conducted on the topic. You will search the APUS library and other reputable, scholarly websites and find 3 sources (journal articles) that have studied your social problem in some capacity. The sources should be no more than five years old.

Instructions:

1. Choose one social problem
2. Search the APUS library, Google Scholar, and other reputable, scholarly sites to find 3 research studies on your topic. The three journal articles should be no more than five years old. Do not use unverifiable secondary sites such as Wikipedia, ask.com, about.com, and similar. Use only scholarly sources (journal articles). 

• Complete the following attached worksheet for each of your three journal articles. DO NOT submit the assignment as an essay. You must insert your answers on the actual worksheet and submit the worksheet.
  • Summary – What are the researchers exploring and why? What were they trying to discover or uncover? Be specific. 
  • Key study results – What did the researcher find? Be specific. 
  • How does this fit your topic? You need to explain how the article specifically fits “your” topic. You want to say something like, this article fits my topic because……….(then state). 

General requirements:

• Submissions should be typed, double-spaced, 1″ margins, in Times New Roman 12 pt font, and saved as .doc, .docx, or .pdf.
• Use APA format for citations and references.
• View the grading rubric so you understand how you will be assessed on this Assignment. 
• Disclaimer- Originality of attachments will be verified by Turnitin. Both you and your instructor will receive the results.
• This course has “Resubmission” status enabled to help you if you realize you submitted an incorrect or blank file, or if you need to submit multiple documents as part of your Assignment. Resubmission of an Assignment after it is graded, to attempt a better grade, is not permitted.

Recap

In last week’s assignment, we explored the following:

• Focus on reading an article related to a social problem, 
• • analyze and reflect on it.
• Incorporating social concepts to write an analysis. 

Introduction to SOCI 212 Week 3 Assignment 2

In the SOCI 212 Week 3: Assignment 2, you will embark on a scholarly journey to explore a pressing social problem through academic research. Your task involves selecting a social problem, finding and analyzing recent scholarly articles, and understanding how these studies contribute to the broader knowledge of the issue. This How-To SOCI 212 Guide will walk you through each step, ensuring you develop a thorough analysis based on credible academic resources.

Note: You will receive a worksheet template to solve the Week 3 Assignment. Due to the unavailability of the Worksheet template, I am writing the sample solution as an essay.

Choose one social problem.

Choosing a Social Problem

For SOCI 212 Week 3: Assignment 2, we need to choose one social problem. I am choosing Racial Inequality.

• Identify an Interest: Reflect on current social issues that resonate with you or your community. Consider problems widely discussed in the media that affect a large portion of the population or have significant social implications.
• Narrow Your Focus: Choose one specific aspect of the social problem to focus on, which will help find targeted research and form a coherent analysis.

Example

In choosing a social problem for in-depth analysis, I have selected racial inequality—a pervasive issue that resonates deeply within communities and is frequently debated in the media. This topic’s broad impact and complex nature demand focused research, prompting me to explore specific aspects that contribute to systemic disparities in our society. This approach will facilitate targeted investigation and yield meaningful insights into this significant social challenge.

Summary – What are the researchers exploring and why? What were they trying to discover or uncover? Be specific.

Analyzing the Articles

After choosing a topic, we will research some related articles from reliable sources. Then, analyze what the researchers were exploring and why.

• Understand the Purpose: Identify each selected article’s research question or objective. Understand what the researchers were trying to discover or the hypothesis they were testing.
• Document the Methods: Note the research methods used, as this affects the validity and applicability of the findings.

Example

After selecting racial inequality as our research topic, I analyzed recent studies from reputable sources to grasp the depth of the issue. The study from Elder et al. (2021) investigates the disproportionate impact of urban renewal policies on minority communities, focusing on long-term economic outcomes (Elder et al., 2021). Another research by Fossati et al. (2024) published in Sage Journals explores the systemic barriers in healthcare access and outcomes for racial minorities, highlighting disparities exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic (Fossati et al., 2024). Additionally, a dissertation by Carter (2022) at the University of Massachusetts discusses the effectiveness of diversity and inclusion training programs in reducing workplace discrimination (Carter, 2022). These articles use quantitative data analysis and qualitative case studies to provide a comprehensive view of how racial inequalities manifest in different sectors of society.

Key study results – What did the researcher find? Be specific.

Key Study Results

For the next section of SOCI 212 Week 3: Assignment 2, we will discuss the key findings of those articles.

• Record Findings: Summarize the key results of each study. Pay attention to data, outcomes, and any conclusions the researchers draw.
• Use Direct Quotes: Where relevant, use direct quotes from the research to support your summary. Ensure to cite these quotes properly.

Example

Significant findings emerged from the analysis of scholarly research addressing racial inequality. Elder et al. (2021) detailed the long-term economic detriment of minority communities through urban renewal policies. These policies, intended to revitalize cities, inadvertently exacerbate economic disparities by displacing communities and reducing their access to resources. Similarly, Carter (2022) they are revealed that racial minorities encounter substantial barriers in healthcare access and treatment quality. Their research highlighted the amplification of these disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic, showing how pre-existing inequalities led to disproportionately poorer health outcomes among minority populations. Together, these studies underscore the critical need for policy interventions that address the root causes of racial inequalities in urban planning and healthcare systems to ensure equitable outcomes for all societal segments.

How does this fit your topic? You need to explain how the article specifically fits “your” topic. You want to say something like: this article fits my topic because……….(then state).

Relevance to Your Topic

For this segment of SOCI 212 Week 3: Assignment 2, we will discuss the relevance of the chosen topic to the articles.

• Connect the Dots: Clearly articulate how each article relates to your chosen social problem. Please explain why the findings are relevant and how they contribute to understanding the issue.
• Build a Narrative: Use the information from various articles to construct a narrative or a broader picture of the social problem, highlighting differing viewpoints or converging evidence.

Example

The relevance of the chosen topic, racial inequality, to the selected articles is profound, as each contributes uniquely to understanding the systemic issues that underpin this social problem.

Firstly, Elder et al. (2021) investigate the economic repercussions of urban renewal policies on minority populations. This article fits my topic because it provides a clear illustration of how systemic decisions in urban planning disproportionately disadvantage racial minorities, contributing to the economic aspect of racial inequality. The displacement and economic destabilization highlighted in their research reflect broader themes of inequality that persist in policymaking (Smith & Thomas, 2022).

Secondly, Carter (2022) focuses on disparities in healthcare access and outcomes among racial minorities, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is relevant as it demonstrates the health dimension of racial inequality, showing how pre-existing systemic biases can lead to critical health disparities during crises. Their findings contribute to the understanding that health inequity manifests deeper racial prejudices embedded within the healthcare system (Carter, 2022).

Lastly, Fossati et al.'s (2024) dissertation on the effectiveness of diversity training in reducing workplace discrimination ties directly to the social and corporate responses to racial inequality. This research is pertinent as it evaluates interventions to reduce discrimination, thereby addressing both the cause and mitigation of racial biases in professional settings (Fossati et al., 2024).

Collectively, these articles construct a comprehensive narrative that underscores the multifaceted nature of racial inequality, highlighting economic, health, and social dimensions crucial for developing effective policies and interventions to achieve equity.

Closing

Completing the SOCI 212 Week 3: Assignment 2 will enhance your ability to critically analyze academic research and apply its findings to real-world social problems. This How-To Owlisdom Guide bolsters your research skills and deepens your understanding of social issues’ complexities. The skills you develop here are foundational for academic and professional success in numerous social sciences and humanities fields.

Precap

We will discuss education and the economy in the upcoming week. We will have to choose one of the two given topics, and we will write our analysis on that topic.

References

Carter, C. (2022). Education Assemblage: Tracing and Undermining Raciality in the Era of Standardization and Accountability.

Elder, T. E., Figlio, D. N., Imberman, S. A., & Persico, C. L. (2021). School segregation and racial gaps in special education identification. Journal of Labor Economics, 39(S1), S151–S197.

Fossati, F., Knotz, C., Liechti, F., & Otmani, I. (2024). The Gender Employment Gap among Refugees and the Role of Employer Discrimination: Experimental Evidence from the German, Swedish, and Austrian Labor Markets. International Migration Review, 58(1), 147–172.

SOCI 212 Week 4: Education and the Economy

Instructions for SOCI 212 Week 4

Choose one of the following questions:

1) Which of these major sociological perspectives: conflict theory, functionalist theory, interactionist theory, or feminist theory, is the most effective for understanding our system of education? Defend your choice by incorporating an example from real life.

Or

2) To what extent should the educational system prepare people for the job force versus preparing them to think critically? Which is more important in your view, and why? Connect your points to a recent news article or event.

Recap

In the previous Week, we chose a social problem. After research, we found some related articles and resources. Then, we analyzed those resources according to our understanding of the chosen social problem. 

I chose Racial Inequality.

Introduction to SOCI 212 Week 4 Discussion

In the SOCI 212 Week 4: Education and the Economy, you are tasked with critically evaluating sociological theories in the context of education. You will explore different perspectives to determine which effectively explains the educational system. Additionally, you will debate the role of education in preparing individuals for the workforce versus fostering critical thinking skills. This How-To SOCI 212 Guide will provide clear steps to analyze these themes and articulate your viewpoints effectively.

Option 1: Choosing a Sociological Perspective

Review Theories: Understand the basic principles of each perspective:

• Conflict Theory: Focuses on the power differentials and struggles within education.
• Functionalist Theory: Considers education to fulfill societal needs and roles.
• Interactionist Theory: Looks at the daily interactions and experiences in educational settings.
• Feminist Theory: Analyzes how gender inequality impacts educational experiences and outcomes.

Defending Your Chosen Perspective

• Select the Most Applicable Theory: Decide which theory best explains the educational system based on its principles.
• Use a Real-Life Example: Illustrate your choice with a real-life example demonstrating how the theory applies to practical educational situations.

Example

Conflict theory offers a powerful lens through which to understand the systemic inequities embedded within our educational system (Prayogi, 2023). This perspective highlights how education is a neutral ground for learning and a field where power differentials and social struggles manifest and perpetuate.

A compelling real-life example of conflict theory in action is the variance in resource allocation between public schools in affluent versus economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. In many urban areas, schools in wealthier districts receive significantly more funding per student than those in poorer areas (Ndeche & Iroye, 2022). This disparity affects not only the quality of physical resources available but also the caliber of teaching staff and the variety of extracurricular activities. These differences illustrate how education can reinforce existing social inequalities by providing unequal opportunities right from the start of a child’s schooling experience.

By examining these disparities, conflict theory challenges the notion that education is a universally equalizing force (Prayogi, 2023). Instead, it reveals education as a system rife with inequalities that mirror and maintain the wider societal disparities, thus serving the interests of the dominant groups in society. This understanding is crucial for developing targeted interventions that equalize educational opportunities and outcomes across different societal segments.

To what extent should the educational system prepare people for the job force versus preparing them to think critically? Which is more important in your view, and why? Connect your points to a recent news article or event.

Option 2: Balancing Job Preparation and Critical Thinking in Education

The second option explores the balance of job preparation and education in critical thinking.

• State Your Viewpoint: Articulate whether education should focus more on job preparation or on developing critical thinking.
• Support with Evidence: Back up your viewpoint by discussing the benefits of your chosen focus.
• Link to Current Events: Enhance your argument by connecting it to a recent news article or event that highlights the relevance of your points.

Example

The balance between preparing students for the workforce and equipping them with critical thinking skills is a pivotal aspect of education that has been debated extensively (Alsaleh, 2020). In my view, while job readiness is essential, the importance of critical thinking cannot be overstated. It is the foundation that allows individuals to adapt, innovate, and navigate the complexities of both professional environments and personal lives.

Recent discussions, such as those sparked by the rapid technological changes and the shift towards automation, underscore the value of critical thinking. Gajdzik & Wolniak (2022) highlighted how companies are increasingly valuing employees who can creatively solve problems and adapt to new technologies over those with only technical skills or rote knowledge (Hongal & Kinange, 2020). This shift indicates that critical thinking is not merely an academic exercise but a crucial skill in the evolving job market.

Moreover, critical thinking fosters a more informed and engaged citizenry. It enables individuals to analyze information critically, make informed decisions, and engage in constructive dialogue, which are essential skills in today’s fast-paced and often polarized world (Alsaleh, 2020).

Therefore, while vocational skills are crucial for immediate job preparedness, the long-term benefits of critical thinking—such as adaptability, problem-solving capabilities, and the ability to engage with complex societal issues—make it an indispensable part of education. By fostering critical thinkers, we enhance individual career prospects and contribute to a more dynamic, innovative, and coherent society.

Closing

In completing this assignment, you will deepen your understanding of how sociological theories can be applied to analyze and interpret the educational system. You will also engage in a meaningful debate on the purpose of education, enhancing your critical thinking and analytical skills. This exercise encourages you to synthesize diverse perspectives and current events to form a well-rounded viewpoint on the roles and impacts of education in society.

Precap

In the next assignment, SOCI 212 Week 5, we will explore several of the Series featured articles of the Humans of New York site and analyze the articles we will choose.

References

Alsaleh, N. J. (2020). Teaching Critical Thinking Skills: Literature Review. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 19(1), 21–39. 

Gajdzik, B., & Wolniak, R. (2022). Smart production workers regarding creativity and innovation: The implication for open innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(2), 68. 

Hongal, P., & Kinange, U. (2020). A study on talent management and its impact on organizational performance empirical review—International Journal of Engineering and Management Research, 10. 

Ndeche, O., & Iroye, S. O. (2022). Key theories in peace and conflict studies and their impact on the research and practice. Noun International Journal of Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution, 2(2), 20–34. 

Prayogi, A. (2023). Social Change in Conflict Theory: A Descriptive Study. ARRUS Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(1), 37–42.

SOCI 212 Week 5: Assignment 3

Instructions for SOCI 212 Week 5

Instructions

Go to this Humans of New York site and explore several of the Series featured under the home page “Series” link. Address the following in a 2-page essay.

1) Summarize the Series article you chose (ONE article). 

2) Explain how the Series feature relates to a sociological issue/problem in either health and medicine or sexuality that you read in your text or lessons from this week. Be sure to incorporate at least 3 key sociological concepts and/or theories in your description. 

3) Be sure to format your paper using proper APA. Don’t forget to cite the Series article you chose as well as the textbook. 

4) You will only use two sources: one article and the textbook 

General requirements:

• Submissions should be typed, double-spaced, 1″ margins, Times New Roman 12 pt font, and saved as .doc, .docx, or .pdf.
• Use APA format for citations and references.
• View the grading rubric so you understand how you will be assessed on this Assignment. 
• Disclaimer- Originality of attachments will be verified by Turnitin. Both you and your instructor will receive the results.
• This course has “Resubmission” status enabled to help you if you realized you submitted an incorrect or blank file, or if you need to submit multiple documents as part of your Assignment. Resubmission of an Assignment after it is graded, to attempt a better grade, is not permitted.

Recap

In the previous week’s discussion, we either had to choose a sociological perspective or the balance of job preparation and education in critical thinking. I provided sample solutions to both topics. 

This week, we will write an essay on our analysis of an article from Humans of New York. This article will help us explore social problems.

Introduction to SOCI 212 Week 5 Assignment

This How-To SOCI 212 Guide is designed to help you navigate and complete your assignment on analyzing a specific series from the “Humans of New York” website. The SOCI 212 Week 5: Assignment 3 requires you to choose an article, summarize it, and critically analyze its relation to sociological issues, specifically within health, medicine, or sexuality. Following this guide, you can construct a well-informed essay that integrates key sociological concepts and theories, enhancing your understanding of the social issues in the chosen series.

Go to this Humans of New York site and explore several series featured on the home page’s “Series” link.

Choosing a Series Article

For the SOCI 212 Week 5: Assignment 3, I am choosing the ‘Pediatric Cancer” series.

• Visit the “Humans of New York” website and click the “Series” link on the home page.
• Browse the available series and select one focusing on health, medicine, or sexuality. This selection should interest you and have rich content for analysis.
• Ensure the chosen article has enough depth to incorporate sociological theories and concepts.

Summarize the Series article you chose (ONE article).

Summarizing the Article

For SOCI 212 Essay Two, I will use the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Humans of New York, 2016).

• Read the selected article thoroughly.
• Write a concise summary capturing the main events or stories told in the article. Focus on the key points that relate to the series’ overarching theme.
• Keep the summary brief, aiming for no more than one-third of your essay length.

Explain how the Series feature relates to a sociological issue/problem in either health and medicine or sexuality that you read in your text or lessons from this week.

Identifying Sociological Issues

After choosing and reading the article thoroughly, we will identify the sociological issues mentioned in it.

• Analyze the article to determine which sociological issue or problem it addresses. This could relate to health disparities, medical ethics, sexual identity, gender roles, etc.
• Clearly state how the issue is represented in the article, providing specific examples from the text.

Include at least three key sociological concepts and theories in your description.

Incorporating Sociological Concepts and Theories

Next, we will incorporate sociological concepts and theories to write our essay. 

• Identify at least three sociological concepts or theories that apply to the issue discussed in the article. These could include, but are not limited to, conflict theory, functionalism, symbolic interactionism, sociological imagination, or social constructionism.
• Explain each concept or theory briefly and demonstrate how it helps to understand the sociological issue highlighted in the article. Use evidence from the article to support your analysis.

Writing the Essay

• Organize your essay with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. Use the introduction to set up the topic and your chosen article. The body should include your summary, analysis of the sociological issue, and the application of sociological theories.
• Summarize the key insights from integrating sociological theories with the article’s content. Reflect on the broader implications of these insights for understanding health, medicine, or sexuality.

Example

ESSAY

Pediatric cancer, as represented in a heartfelt narrative from the “Humans of New York” series, provides a window into the profound challenges and resilience exhibited by young patients and their families. This essay delves into the story of Alex, a child battling cancer, to explore the sociological dimensions of health, medicine, and the human experience. Through the lens of sociological theories and concepts, we gain insights into the broader implications of this devastating illness (Humans of New York, 2016).

In the narrative, Alex’s childhood is markedly different from his peers due to his ongoing battle with cancer. Described through a series of poignant vignettes, his life is a patchwork of hospital visits, chemotherapy sessions, and moments of mundane joy where he finds respite in video games and family gatherings. The narrative starkly portrays the physical and emotional toll of the disease, not only on Alex but also on his family, who navigate this journey with a blend of resilience and despair.

Sociological Analysis

The ordeal of pediatric cancer, as experienced by Alex, encapsulates several sociological issues (Von Werthern, 2021). At the forefront is the issue of health inequality. Despite advances in medical technology, access to healthcare remains deeply unequal, influenced by factors such as socioeconomic status, geography, and insurance coverage. Alex’s story underscores the struggle many families face in securing and managing treatment, pointing to a broader critique of the healthcare system’s ability to serve the vulnerable.

Theoretical Perspectives

Symbolic Interactionism 

This perspective helps us understand how pediatric cancer alters a child’s self-concept and social interactions. For Alex, his identity is partially shaped by his illness, influencing how others perceive and interact with him. The narrative highlights moments where his condition isolates and engenders deep connections with family and caregivers, showcasing the complex interplay of self-identity and societal expectations.

Conflict Theory

From this angle, Alex’s situation illustrates the disparities in health outcomes based on social and economic inequalities. The financial burden of cancer treatment on his family reveals the systemic inequities within healthcare that prioritize profit over patient care (Ndeche & Iroye, 2022). This theory invites a critical examination of how capitalistic drives in healthcare can exacerbate suffering and hinder equitable access to necessary treatments.

Functionalism 

In examining the functions of social institutions, Alex’s narrative reveals the healthcare system’s role in maintaining societal stability (Vink et al., 2021). However, the story also questions the effectiveness of this system in fulfilling its function when it fails to prevent the disintegration of family stability due to financial and emotional strain. This discrepancy calls for a reevaluation of healthcare policies to better serve families dealing with pediatric cancer.

Alex’s journey through pediatric cancer, as shared in “Humans of New York,” is a microcosm of the larger sociological dynamics in health and medicine. The story sheds light on the personal struggles associated with the disease and reflects broader societal issues, such as healthcare disparities and the impact of illness on social identity. Integrating sociological concepts and theories enhances our understanding of these complex interactions and how social structures influence individual experiences. This analysis deepens our empathy and reinforces the need for a more just and compassionate healthcare system.

Closing

By following this How-To Owlisdom Guide, you should be able to craft a comprehensive and insightful essay that summarizes a “Humans of New York” article and deeply analyzes it through the lens of sociology. The SOCI 212 Week 5: Assignment 3 Essay will enhance your ability to apply academic concepts to real-world scenarios, enriching your understanding of sociology and the human experiences shared through these stories.

Precap

In next week’s discussion, we will explore the vast topic of Drug Abuse and Criminal Justice. We will choose one topic related to Drug Abuse and Criminal Justice and discuss our understanding.

SOCI 212 Week 6: Drug Abuse and Criminal Justice

Instructions for SOCI 212 Week 6

Choose one of the following questions:

1) What is the nature and scope of the alcohol and/or drug abuse problem in the United States today? For example, is this problem more significant today than it was in the past? What data can you find to support whether rates have gone down or up over time?

Or

2) Which sociological perspective (for example, conflict theory, functionalism, interactionism, feminist theory) would you choose to best understand how race, class, and gender impact the rates of crime in the United States? Defend your response with current data on crime rates.

Recap

Previously, we chose an article related to social problems and crafted an essay based on our analysis of the article. We explored how to incorporate the sociological theories in the essay.

Introduction to SOCI 212 Week 6 Discussion

In the SOCI 212 Week 6: Drug Abuse and Criminal Justice, you will explore two critical areas within social problems: the extent of alcohol and drug abuse in the United States and the impact of race, class, and gender on crime rates. This How-To SOCI 212 Guide will direct you to analyze these issues effectively, identify relevant data, and apply sociological theories to enhance your understanding and argumentation.

What is the nature and scope of the alcohol and drug abuse problem in the United States today? For example, is this problem more significant today than it was in the past? What data can you find to support whether rates have gone down or up over time?

Option 1

For Option 1 of SOCI 212 Week 6: Drug Abuse and Criminal Justice, we will discuss the scope of drug abuse and alcohol in the US. We will incorporate examples to support our stance.

Understanding the Problem

• Begin by defining what constitutes alcohol and drug abuse. Discuss the social, economic, and personal impacts of these abuses.
• Explain the importance of addressing this issue, emphasizing public health and societal stability.

Historical Comparison

• Research how the rates of alcohol and drug abuse have changed over the decades. Look for credible sources such as government reports, academic journals, and reputable news outlets.
• Consider factors influencing these trends, such as policy changes, societal attitudes, or economic conditions.

Data Gathering

• Identify recent statistics on substance abuse rates. Reliable sources include the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and other similar organizations.
• Summarize the data to show whether the problem has increased or decreased. Use graphs or tables to support your findings visually.

Analysis and Conclusion

• Analyze the data within the context of broader societal impacts. Discuss any correlations between substance abuse rates and other social issues like unemployment, crime, or health disparities.
• Conclude by summarizing your findings and suggesting possible social interventions or policy changes.

Option One(Example)

In the United States today, the challenge of alcohol and drug abuse remains a critical public health issue, impacting various facets of society (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2024). Understanding the nature and scope of this problem requires a comprehensive look at its definition, historical trends, current data, and broader societal implications.

Understanding the Problem

Alcohol and drug abuse can be defined as the use of substances in a manner that deviates from the approved medical or social patterns within a culture. This misuse leads to significant adverse effects, not only on individuals but also on society as a whole (Ignaszewski, 2021). The social impact includes increased crime rates and family disruptions, while economic effects are seen in lost productivity and increased healthcare costs. The personal ramifications, on the other hand, may include physical health deterioration and psychological disorders. Addressing these issues is crucial for enhancing public health and ensuring societal stability.

Historical Comparison

Historically, the rates of substance abuse have fluctuated, influenced by various social, economic, and policy-related factors. For instance, the prohibition era in the early 20th century showed a temporary decrease in alcohol abuse, which spiked post-prohibition. In recent decades, public health initiatives and stricter regulations have attempted to curb these rates, yet drug abuse, particularly of opioids, has seen a significant rise (Kaliszewski, 2022). Examining these patterns requires scrutinizing multiple sources, like government reports and academic research, to understand the underlying causes of these fluctuations.

Data Gathering

Recent statistics from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) illustrate a nuanced picture. While there has been a decline in some areas of substance abuse, such as tobacco and alcohol use in teenagers, there has been a concerning rise in the abuse of opioids and prescription drugs among all age groups. These statistics not only enumerate the individuals affected but also highlight the epidemic’s reach across different demographics and regions.

Analysis and Conclusion

Analyzing this data reveals that substance abuse is closely linked with other societal issues, such as unemployment and crime. Regions with higher rates of unemployment tend to exhibit higher incidences of drug abuse, suggesting economic despair may drive individuals toward substance misuse. Moreover, the opioid crisis has escalated health disparities, with more significant impacts seen in economically disadvantaged communities.

The correlations between substance abuse rates and social issues underscore the necessity for integrated public health strategies that address not only the medical aspects of substance abuse but also its social determinants (Subramaniam et al., 2023). Policy changes that could be effective include improving access to mental health services, enhancing substance abuse education and prevention programs, and creating economic opportunities in high-risk communities.

In conclusion, while progress has been made in some areas, the persistent and evolving nature of drug and alcohol abuse in the United States necessitates ongoing vigilance and adaptive strategies. Addressing this issue comprehensively promises not only to reduce the prevalence of substance abuse but also to facilitate associated social and economic challenges, thereby fostering a more stable and healthy society.

Which sociological perspective (for example, conflict theory, functionalism, interactionism, feminist theory) would you choose to understand best how race, class, and gender impact the rates of crime in the United States? Defend your response with current data on crime rates.

Option 2

For the second option of SOCI 212 Week 6: Drug Abuse and Criminal Justice, we will choose a Sociological perspective to understand how race, class, and gender impact the number and rate of crimes in the US. We will support our stance with relevant examples and sources.

Choosing a Sociological Perspective

• Introduce sociological theories relevant to understanding crime rates, such as conflict, functionalism, interactionism, and feminist theory.
• Select the most compelling perspective for analyzing how race, class, and gender impact crime rates.

Impact of Race, Class, and Gender

• Discuss how race, class, and gender are believed to influence crime rates. 
• Provide examples of how societal structures and inequalities contribute to criminal behavior.

Data Collection

• Gather current crime rate statistics segmented by race, class, and gender. Sources could include the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports or scholarly research articles.
• Use this data to illustrate the disparities and trends in crime rates among different demographic groups.

Defending Your Perspective

• Using the data collected, defend why the chosen sociological theory offers the best lens for understanding the influences on crime rates. 
• Incorporate specific examples and statistical evidence.

Conclusion

• Sum up the insights from applying your chosen theory to the crime data.
• Reflect on the broader implications of your findings for policy and societal understanding.

Option Two (Example)

To understand the complex interplay of race, class, and gender on crime rates in the United States, it is essential to apply a sociological perspective that best captures these dynamics. After considering several theories, conflict theory emerges as the most compelling framework for this analysis due to its focus on power differentials and economic disparities as fundamental drivers of criminal behavior.

Choosing a Sociological Perspective

Conflict theory, along with functionalism, interactionism, and feminist theory, provides a robust toolkit for analyzing societal issues (Prayogi, 2023). However, conflict theory uniquely emphasizes how societal structures perpetuate inequality and how these inequalities lead to conflict and crime. This perspective is particularly pertinent when examining how systemic inequalities related to race, class, and gender foster environments where crime becomes more prevalent.

Impact of Race, Class, and Gender

Race, class, and gender significantly influence crime rates through various mechanisms (Benson et al., 2021). For instance, communities with higher poverty rates—often disproportionately inhabited by minority groups—experience more frequent encounters with crime. This correlation primarily stems from limited access to resources, which can lead to increased involvement in criminal activities for survival. Gender dynamics also play a crucial role, as evidenced by differing crime rates and types of crimes committed by men and women, which reflect broader societal expectations and pressures (Wade, 2020).

Data Collection

Data from the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports and other scholarly research articles were utilized to substantiate this analysis (FBI, 2024). These sources reveal that African American and Hispanic communities report higher rates of certain crimes, which is not indicative of inherent criminal tendencies but rather of socio-economic conditions and policing strategies that disproportionately affect these populations. Similarly, data show that men are more likely to commit violent crimes, a fact that conflict theory would attribute to social constructs of masculinity and economic pressure.

Defending Your Perspective

Conflict theory explains these observations by highlighting how societal structures are aligned so that those with power maintain it through various means, including the criminal justice system (Prayogi, 2023). For example, the disproportionate incarceration rates among African Americans can be seen as a mechanism of social control. Understanding crime through this lens makes it evident that policy changes are needed to address the root causes of crime, often social and economic.

Conclusion

We are applying conflict theory to analyze how race, class, and gender impact crime rates, offering a comprehensive understanding that transcends individual behavior to consider broader societal issues. This perspective illuminates the need for systemic changes to reduce crime, suggesting that reforms should focus on reducing economic inequality, improving education, and ensuring fairer treatment by the legal system. Reflecting on these insights prompts a reevaluation of current policies and encourages a move towards a more equitable society where the roots of criminal behavior are addressed fundamentally. This analysis enriches our understanding of crime and reinforces the importance of sociological perspectives in shaping public policy and societal development.

Closing

By the SOCI 212 Week 6: Drug Abuse and Criminal Justice, you will deepen your understanding of how to employ sociological theories to real-world issues and improve your ability to think critically about complex social problems. This How-To Owlisdom Guide will enhance your analytical skills and equip you with knowledge applicable to various academic and professional contexts.

Precap

For the SOCI 212 Week 7 Assignment, we will explore a social problem that interests us. This can be the social problem we identified in Assignment 1, or we can choose something new.

References

Benson, M. L., Feldmeyer, B., Gabbidon, S. L., & Chio, H. L. (2021). Race, ethnicity, and social change: The democratization of middle‐class crime. Criminology, 59(1), 10–41.

FBI. (2024). Crime/Law Enforcement Stats (UCR Program) [Folder]. Federal Bureau of Investigation. https://www.fbi.gov/how-we-can-help-you/more-fbi-services-and-information/ucr

Ignaszewski, M. J. (2021). The epidemiology of drug abuse. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 61, S10–S17.

Kaliszewski, M. (2022). Alcohol and drug abuse among Native Americans. American Addiction Centers. 

National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2024, May 3). NIDA.NIH.GOV | National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). https://nida.nih.gov/

Prayogi, A. (2023). Social Change in Conflict Theory: A Descriptive Study. ARRUS Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(1), 37–42. 

Subramaniam, G. A., Nolan, L., Huntley, K., Corbin, M., Crenshaw, K., Mandell, T., Linton, J., & Blakeney, Q. (2023). National Institute on Drug Abuse: Dissemination of scientific knowledge to improve adolescent health. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 32(1), 157–167. 

Wade, J. M. (2020). Is it race, sex, gender, or all three? Predicting risk for alcohol consumption in emerging adulthood. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(12), 3481–3492.

SOCI 212 Week 7: Assignment 4

Instructions for SOCI 212 Week 7

Overview

For this assignment, you will delve deeper to explore a social problem that really interests you. This can be the social problem you identified in assignment 1, or you can choose something new. 

Instructions

For this assignment, you will put together a presentation of 8 slides minimum, 10 slides maximum; the cover and reference slides do not count. You may use a presentation program of your choice, such as PowerPoint or any of these that offer free use: Prezi, Powtoon, Adobe Spark, Google Slides, Canva, Visme, Libre Office, Slidedog, Haiku Deck. Please attach, embed, or provide a link to your presentation to submit it for grading.

Your Presentation must do the following:

1. Include a title slide with your title, your name, class, and a visual that represents your topic choice. [1 slide]
2. Select a social problem of your choice, explain why it is a problem, and define the scope of this social problem (is it local, national, international, etc) [1 slide]
3. Explore the history of your social problem (timeline in your own words). Think about how it has changed over time and what major milestones have impacted the problem. For example, if you are exploring racism, you will want to note major Civil Rights legislation, etc. [at least 2 slides]
4. Next, analyze two major ways that the social problem currently impacts different groups (two). For example, if you are looking at drug use, you might analyze the impact of drug use on families and within the workplace. It would be a great idea to include a chart of statistics here to support your points. [at least 2 slides]
5. Define one sociological theory from our readings/materials that relates to your chosen social problem and analyze how this theory helps us better understand the social problem you are discussing. Sociological theories include functionalism, conflict theory, feminist theory, symbolic interactionism, and others as mentioned in our readings and materials. [at least 1 slide]
6. Include full references in APA formatting. [at least 1 slide]. 

Do not include full paragraphs. You want to include short statements and/or bullet points.

Do not use unverifiable, secondary sites such as Wikipedia, about.com, ask.com, and similar. Use our course materials, peer-reviewed journal articles from the library, and other scholarly sources that are NO more than five years old. 

Your presentation should utilize sound critical thought, and it should include appropriate APA in-text citations and full APA references at the end.

General requirements:

• Use APA format for citations and references; although this is a PowerPoint presentation, in-text citations should still be utilized similarly to a paper. 
• Include only bullet points in your presentation. You should not have massive paragraphs on your slides. 
• View the grading rubric so you understand how you will be assessed on this Assignment. 
• Disclaimer- Originality of attachments will be verified by Turnitin. Both you and your instructor will receive the results.
• This course has “Resubmission” status enabled to help you if you realized you submitted an incorrect or blank file, or if you need to submit multiple documents as part of your Assignment. Resubmission of an Assignment after it is graded, to attempt a better grade, is not permitted.

Recap

Previously, we discussed Drug Abuse and Criminal Justice in the US. We were given two topics to choose from. Both topics revolve around the domain of drug abuse and criminal justice.

Introduction to SOCI 212 Week 7 Assignment

The SOCI 212 Week 7: Assignment 4 will explore a social problem. Your task involves creating a PowerPoint presentation to effectively communicate various aspects of racial inequality, including its history, current impact, and sociological interpretations. By the end of this How-To SOCI 212 Guide, you will know how to structure your presentation, analyse critical data, and apply sociological theories to deepen your understanding.

I am choosing racial inequality for this presentation.

Title Slide Creation

We will create an engaging title slide to start the SOCI 212 Week 7: Assignment 4.

• Title: Choose a compelling title that reflects your focus on racial inequality.
• Visuals: Include a relevant image representing racial inequality, like a historical photo or an infographic.
• Details: Ensure your name, class information, and title are displayed.

Problem Selection and Definition

The SOCI 212 Week 7: Assignment 4 defines racial inequality and explains its significance.

• Explanation: Briefly describe racial inequality and why it’s a significant social issue.
• Scope: Determine whether racial inequality in your analysis is local, national, or international. Provide context on its prevalence in the chosen scope.

Historical Context

Now, we will outline the historical development of racial inequality.

• Timeline: Create a timeline highlighting key events that have significantly impacted racial inequality, such as landmark civil rights legislation.
• Major Events: Discuss pivotal historical moments that have shaped the perception and reality of racial inequality.

Impact Analysis

In this slide of the SOCI 212 Week 7: Assignment 4, we will analyze the effects of racial inequality on different societal groups.

• Group Selection: Choose two groups affected by racial inequality (e.g., educational institutions, workplaces).
• Data Presentation: Use charts or graphs to present statistical data illustrating the impacts on these groups.

Theoretical Framework

Here, we will explore how to connect sociological theory to racial inequality.

• Theory Selection: Pick a relevant sociological theory, like conflict theory or symbolic interactionism.
• Application: Explain how this theory helps understand the facets and perpetuation of racial inequality.

Conclusion

In this part, we will summarise key insights from the assignment.

• Summary: Recap the major points covered in your slides.
• Takeaways: Highlight how this assignment has deepened your understanding of racial inequality.

Closing 

These steps will create a structured and insightful presentation on racial inequality, showcasing historical depth and current relevance. This Owlisdom guide aims to aid you in crafting an educational and compelling narrative on this critical social issue.

Presentation Example

Speaker’s Notes

Slide 01

Introduce the presentation titled “Unveiling Shadows: A Deep Dive into Racial Inequality.” Briefly mention the significance of the image chosen and how it relates to the ongoing fight for equality.

Slide 02

Explain the choice of racial inequality as a subject due to its relevance and impact on society. Emphasise the scope, which is primarily national within the United States, and its presence in current events.

Slide 03

Highlight the historical journey of racial inequality, beginning with the abolition of slavery and moving to modern civil rights developments. Mention key legislation and milestones that significantly shaped racial policies.

Slide 04

Discuss the profound impacts of racial inequality on education and employment. Reference specific statistics to demonstrate disparities, such as income levels and job market access.

Slide 05

Introduce conflict theory and symbolic interactionism as lenses to understand racial inequality. Explain how these theories provide insights into the persistence and manifestations of racial issues.

Slide 06

Summarise the key points covered in the presentation. Highlight the importance of recognising and addressing racial inequalities for a just society. Encourage continued education and action toward racial justice.

Slide 07

References

Conerly, T. R., Holmes, K., Tamang, A. L., Conerly, T. R., Holmes, K., & Tamang, A. L. (2021, June 3). 11.2 Theoretical Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity—Introduction to Sociology 3e | OpenStax. OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/11-2-theoretical-perspectives-on-race-and-ethnicity

Imam, A., & Shah, F. (2013). Impact of Gender Bias on Organizational Commitment: An Empirical Study of Glass Ceiling Practices in the Corporate Sector of Pakistan. 57, 14111–14115. 

Langran, E., DeWitt, J., Langran, E., & DeWitt, J. (2020). Conclusion: Mapping for a Better World. Navigating Place-Based Learning: Mapping for a Better World, 141–154. 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY. (2024, May 3). Racial Inequality in the United States. U.S. Department of the Treasury. https://home.treasury.gov/news/featured-stories/racial-inequality-in-the-united-states

Wilson, V. (2022). Understanding black-white disparities in labour market outcomes requires models that account for persistent discrimination and unequal bargaining power. Economic Policy Institute. https://www.epi.org/unequalpower/publications/understanding-black-white-disparities-in-labor-market-outcomes/

SOCI 212 WEEK 8 DISCUSSION: TERRORISM

Instructions for SOCI 212 Week 8 Discussion

Choose one of these two options for your initial post:

1. How does one of the major sociological perspectives (i.e., conflict theory, functionalism, interactionism, feminist theory) help you to understand why terrorism occurs? In explaining your answer, connect at least three main elements of the theory to terrorism.

or

2. Imagine you are a sociologist asked to join a task force to analyze whether or not the war on terrorism has been successful. You must choose a position – either yes or no – and apply the sociological perspective in explaining your position. What are three elements that you, as a sociologist, would focus on in arguing your position?

Recap

In the previous Assignment 4, we explored social problems more deeply. To communicate our understanding of the Problem, we prepared a PowerPoint Presentation. 

Introduction to SOCI 212 Week 8 Discussion

 This How-To SOCI 212 Guide provides a structured approach for students to analyse the complex issue of terrorism through sociological theories. It is designed to help you apply theoretical frameworks to real-world issues, enhancing your understanding of both the causes of terrorism and the effectiveness of efforts to combat it.

How does one of the major sociological perspectives (i.e., conflict theory, functionalism, interactionism, feminist theory) help you to understand why terrorism occurs? In explaining your answer, connect at least three main elements of the theory to terrorism.

Option 01: Understanding Terrorism through a Sociological Lens

For this option, in the SOCI 212 Week 8 Discussion: Terrorism, we will explore the major sociological perspectives in understanding terrorism.

• Choose one of the major sociological perspectives: conflict theory, functionalism, interactionism, or feminist theory. Consider which theory resonates most with your understanding of social behaviour and conflicts.
• Identify and explain three main elements of the chosen theory. For example, if you select conflict theory, you might focus on power struggles, resource inequality, and competing interests.
• Connect these elements to terrorism by discussing how they can lead to or exacerbate terrorist activities. For instance, explain how power struggles and inequality can foster environments where terrorism is seen as a viable method to achieve political ends.

Example

Utilising feminist theory, a sociological perspective that examines social structures through the lens of gender and power dynamics, provides a nuanced understanding of why terrorism occurs (Gasztold, 2020). This perspective emphasises the roles of gender inequalities, patriarchy, and the marginalisation of women in contributing to social conflicts and, by extension, terrorism. Here, we connect three core elements of feminist theory—gendered power structures, the role of women in conflict, and symbolic gender politics—to the phenomenon of terrorism.

Gendered Power Structures: Feminist theory posits that unequal power relations between genders can contribute to broader societal violence, including terrorism (Brubaker, 2021). Historically, patriarchal societies often perpetuate power imbalances not just domestically but also in their external interactions. These power dynamics can create a culture that justifies force and domination, influencing groups to adopt terrorism as a means to assert their dominance or challenge perceived oppressors. In many terrorist organisations, a hyper-masculinized ideology often prevails, which valorises violence and martyrdom while suppressing empathy and compromise.

Role of Women in Conflict: The involvement of women in terrorist activities or as peacemakers can provide unique insights into the motivations and operations of terrorist groups. Feminist sociology considers how women’s roles are often overlooked or stereotyped in conflict scenarios. For example, while women are frequently seen only as victims or peacemakers, they can also be active participants or even leaders within terrorist organisations. Understanding these roles can challenge conventional narratives about terrorism and encourage a more comprehensive approach to resolving conflicts that considers the motivations and actions of all involved (Brubaker, 2021).

Symbolic Gender Politics: Feminist theory also explores how terrorist groups employ gender symbolism to advance their narratives. For instance, acts of terrorism often carry symbolic messages aimed at disrupting the social order or challenging gender norms. The targeting of locations or events that represent liberal values, including gender equality, can be seen as not just a political statement but also an assertion of conservative gender ideologies. This symbolism can galvanise recruits and sympathisers who feel their traditional roles or values are threatened by global changes toward gender equality.

By applying feminist theory to the study of terrorism, we can uncover the often hidden gender dimensions of these conflicts. This perspective helps us see beyond the immediate political or religious motivations of terrorism to understand how deeply ingrained social structures, especially those related to gender, can contribute to the perpetuation of terrorism (Gasztold, 2020). Understanding these layers is crucial for developing more effective and equitable counterterrorism strategies that address the root causes of terrorism, including gender inequality and the exploitation of gender dynamics.

Imagine you are a sociologist asked to join a task force to analyse whether or not the war on terrorism has been successful. You must choose a position – either yes or no – and apply the sociological perspective in explaining your position. What are three elements that you, as a sociologist, would focus on in arguing your position?

Option 02: Analyzing the Success of the War on Terrorism

For this option, we will analyse whether or not the war on terrorism has been successful.

• Decide whether you believe the war on terrorism has been successful or not. This decision should be based on preliminary research or your understanding of the outcomes of these efforts.
• Apply the sociological perspective you have chosen to justify your position. Use the theory to frame your argument, showing how it supports your view on the success or failure of the war on terrorism.
• Focus on three specific sociological elements that support your position. For example, if using conflict theory, you might analyse how global power dynamics, state behaviours, and economic conditions have influenced the outcomes of the war on terrorism.
• Provide evidence or examples for each element, such as statistical data on terrorist incidents before and after major policy implementations or qualitative data from expert analyses or case studies.

Example

In assessing the success of the war on terrorism, I adopt the perspective of conflict theory, which highlights the role of power dynamics, socio-economic inequalities, and the contest for resources in shaping social relations and conflicts, including terrorism (Ide, 2022). From this vantage point, I argue that the war on terrorism has not been wholly successful due to persistent structural issues that conflict theory elucidates.

Global Power Dynamics: Conflict theory suggests that global power imbalances between countries can exacerbate conflicts, leading to radicalisation and terrorism. The war on terrorism often involves powerful nations intervening in less powerful ones, which can be perceived as acts of aggression or imperialism. This dynamic can increase local support for terrorist groups, which position themselves as defenders against foreign domination. For instance, interventions in Iraq and Afghanistan have sometimes been seen as exacerbating local insurgencies rather than solely quelling terrorism.

State Behaviors and Policies: The response of states to terrorism, often in the form of heightened security measures and military actions, can inadvertently contribute to cycles of violence. Conflict theory points out that such measures can alienate marginalised groups and curtail civil liberties, fostering environments where terrorism can thrive (Clancy et al., 2024). Policies that emphasise militaristic solutions over addressing underlying socio-economic grievances often fail to remove the root causes of terrorism and may even deepen the resolve of terrorist groups.

Economic Conditions: Economic disparities and lack of opportunities are significant drivers of terrorism. Conflict theory helps us understand how economic marginalisation can lead to radicalisation. In many regions affected by terrorism, such as parts of the Middle East and Africa, widespread poverty and lack of economic opportunities provide fertile ground for terrorist groups to recruit disillusioned youth. The war on terrorism has often overlooked these socio-economic dimensions, focusing instead on eliminating terrorists rather than improving the conditions that lead to terrorism (Clancy et al., 2024).

In conclusion, while there have been tactical successes in the war on terrorism, such as the elimination of key terrorist leaders and the disruption of major terrorist plots, conflict theory suggests that without addressing the underlying power imbalances, state behaviours, and economic conditions, the war on terrorism cannot be deemed entirely successful. The persistence of terrorism, despite extensive efforts, underscores the need for more holistic approaches that address the root causes as identified by sociological analysis.

Closing

This How-To Owlisdom Guide equips you with the tools to critically analyze terrorism from a sociological perspective. By applying theoretical concepts to understand the causes of terrorism and evaluate the effectiveness of counterterrorism measures, you will develop a deeper, more nuanced understanding of global social issues. This exercise not only enhances your analytical skills but also prepares you to engage more effectively in discussions on global security and policymaking.

References

Brubaker, S. J. (2021). Embracing and expanding feminist theory:(Re) conceptualizing gender and power. Violence against Women, 27(5), 717–726. 

Clancy, T., Addison, B., Pavlov, O., Palmer, E., & Saeed, K. (2024). Systemic innovation for countering violent radicalization: Systems engineering in a policy context. Systems Engineering. 

Gasztold, A. (2020). Feminist Perspectives on Terrorism: Critical Approaches to Security Studies. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37234-7

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